E lawe i ke kaʻaahi hydrogen

ʻAʻole like ka manaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kaʻaahi ma ka hydrogen e like me ka manaʻo o kekahi. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia manaʻo. Manaʻo paha mākou e ʻike koke mākou i nā locomotives hydrogen Polish pū kekahi. Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōpala ʻole.

I ka hopena o 2019, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike Bydgoska PESA ma ka waena o 2020, makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomākaukau i kahi hoʻolālā no nā pae hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana propulsion e pili ana i nā wahie hydrogen i loko o nā kaʻa kaʻa. I loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, pono lākou e hoʻomaka e hoʻokō me ka hui pū ʻana me PKN ORLEN nā hoʻokolohua hana mua o nā kaʻa. ʻO ka mea hope loa, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻonā i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā locomotives ukana a me nā kaʻa kaʻa i manaʻo ʻia no ka lawe kaʻa.

Ua hoʻolaha ka hopohopo wahie Polani i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe hydrogen ma ka mea kanu ORLEN Południe ma Trzebin. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka wahie hydrogen maʻemaʻe, e hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa mana, me nā locomotives PESA i hoʻolālā ʻia, pono e hoʻomaka i 2021.

Polani, komo. mahalo iā PKN ORLEN, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hana hydrogen nui loa ma ka honua. Wahi a ka hoʻokele o ka ʻoihana, i ke kaʻina hana, ua hana mua ia ma kahi o 45 tons i kēlā me kēia hola. Ke kūʻai aku nei ia i kēia mea maka no nā kaʻa kaʻa ma nā kikowaena ʻelua ma Kelemānia. ʻAʻole koke, hiki i nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa ma Czech Republic ke hoʻopiha hou i ka hydrogen, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ana ʻo UNIPETROL mai ka hui ORLEN e kūkulu i ʻekolu mau kikowaena hydrogen ma laila i ka makahiki aʻe.

Ke komo pū nei nā hui wahie Polani ʻē aʻe i nā papahana hydrogen hoihoi. LOTUS hoʻomaka e hana me Toyotama ke kumu o ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia e kūkulu i nā hale hoʻopihapiha me kēia wahie kaiaola. Ua alakaʻi pū kā mākou hui kinoea i nā kūkākūkā mua me Toyota, PGNiGʻO ka mea makemake e lilo i hoʻokahi o nā alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hydrogen ma Polani.

ʻO nā wahi o ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka hana ʻana, ka hale kūʻai, ka hoʻokele kaʻa a me ka hāʻawi pūnaewele i nā mea kūʻai aku. Manaʻo paha ʻo Toyota e pili ana i nā mana o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona Mirai hydrogen, ʻo ka mana hou aʻe e pono ai ke kū i ka mākeke ma 2020.

I ʻOkakopa, ʻo ka hui Polani PKP Energy Ma ka hui pū ʻana me Deutsche Bahn, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pūla wahie e hāʻawi i kahi mea ʻē aʻe i ka mīkini diesel ma ke ʻano he kumu mana pilikia. Makemake pū ka hui e komo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hydrogen. ʻO kekahi o nā manaʻo a ka media e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hydrogen. Laina kaʻaahi Reda-Hel, ma kahi o kāna electrification i hoʻolālā ʻia.

ʻO ka hopena i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hōʻikeʻike kaʻaahi TRAKO ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia. Aia ka pahu kit me kahi panel photovoltaic e launa pū ana me ka methanol fuel cell, e hāʻawi ana i ka uila kūʻokoʻa mai ka mana kuʻuna. Ke lawa ʻole ka hana ʻana o ka ikehu lā, hoʻomaka koke ka wahie. ʻO ka mea nui, hiki i ke kelepona ke holo i ka wahie hydrogen.

ʻO ke kaʻaahi hydraulic a i ʻole hydrogen

ʻO nā noi kūpono no nā kaʻa kaʻa hydrogen e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā kaʻa kaʻa - commuter, ohua, ukana, kaʻaahi māmā, express, mine railways, industrial rail system, and special level crossings in parks and museums.

Ka koho "Hōkoʻa Kaʻaahi" () ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ma ʻAukake 22, 2003 i ka wā o kahi hōʻike ma ka Volpe Transportation Systems Center o ka US Department of Transportation ma Cambridge. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Stan Thompson o AT&T i kahi hōʻike ma ka Mooresville Hydrail Initiative. Mai ka makahiki 2005, ua mālama ʻia ka International Conference on Hydraulic Actuators i kēlā me kēia makahiki e Appalachian State University a me ka South Iredell Chamber of Commerce ma Mooresville i ka hui pū ʻana me nā kulanui a me nā hui ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻepekema, nā ʻenekinia, nā mea kanu, nā loea ʻoihana a me nā mea hana e hana pū ana a hoʻohana paha i kēia ʻenehana a puni ka honua e kaʻana like i ka ʻike a me nā kūkākūkā e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokō wikiwiki ʻana i nā hopena hydrogen - e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka pale ʻana i ke ea, ka ikehu. palekana . a me ka hooulu waiwai holookoa.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻenehana wahie hydrogen a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma Iapana a me Kaleponi. I kēia mau lā, ʻo ka mea i kamaʻilio nui ʻia e pili ana i nā hoʻopukapuka e pili ana i kēia ma Kelemānia.

Nā kaʻaahi Alstom–Coradia iLint (1) - ua lako me nā pūnaeau wahie e hoʻololi ai i ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen i uila, no laila e hoʻopau ana i nā hoʻokuʻu ʻino e pili ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wahie, paʻi i nā kaʻaahi ma Lower Saxony, Kelemānia, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa 2018. 100 km - holo ma Cuxhaven, Bremerhaven, Bremerwerde a me Buxtehude, e pani ana i nā ʻauwaʻa o nā kaʻa kaʻa diesel ma laila.

Hoʻopiha ʻia nā kaʻaahi Kelemania e kahi kahua hoʻopiha hydrogen mobile. E puhi ʻia ke kinoea hydrogen i loko o nā kaʻaahi mai kahi pahu kila ma luna o 12 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe e kū kokoke ana i nā ala ma ke kahua ʻo Bremerwerde.

Ma hoʻokahi hale hoʻokele kinoea, hiki i nā kaʻaahi ke holo ma ka pūnaewele i ka lā a pau, e uhi ana i 1 km. Wahi a ka papa kuhikuhi, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi kahua hoʻopiha piha ma ka wahi i lawelawe ʻia e ka hui kaʻaahi EVB i 2021, i ka manawa e hāʻawi ai ʻo Alstom i 14 mau kaʻaahi Coradia iLint ma Mea hoʻohana LNG.

I ka Mei i hala, ua hōʻike ʻia e hana ʻo Alstom i 27 mau kaʻa hydrogen hou aʻe no Mea hoʻohana RMVe neʻe ana i ka ʻāina ʻo Rhine-Main. ʻO ka hydrogen no ka RMV depot kahi papahana hoʻolālā lōʻihi e hoʻomaka i 2022.

ʻO ka ʻaelike no ka hoʻolako ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa he 500 miliona euros no ka manawa o 25 mau makahiki. Na ka hui e hoʻolako i ka hydrogen Infraserv GmbH & Co Hoechst KG. Aia ma Höchst kokoke i Frankfurt am Main kahi e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka hale hoʻoheheʻe hydrogen. E hāʻawi ʻia ke kākoʻo e ke aupuni pekelala o Kelemania - e hoʻolilo kālā ʻo ia i ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kahua a me ke kūʻai ʻana i ka hydrogen e 40%.

2. Hoʻāʻo ʻia ka lokomotive hydrogen Hybrid ma Los Angeles

Ma UK Alstom me kahi mea lawe kūloko Ke Alanui Eversholt hoʻolālā e hoʻololi i nā kaʻaahi Papa 321 i nā kaʻa hydrogen me ka laulā a hiki i 1 km. km, e neʻe ana i ka wikiwiki o 140 km / h. Pono e hana ʻia ka pūʻulu mua o nā mīkini hou o kēia ʻano a mākaukau no ka hana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2021. Ua wehe pū ka mea hana Pelekania i kāna papahana kaʻaahi wahie i ka makahiki i hala. Vivarail.

Ma Palani, ka hui kaaahi aupuni SNCF ua hoʻonoho iā ia iho i ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kaʻaahi diesel e 2035. Ma ke ʻano o kēia hana, hoʻolālā ʻo SNCF e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa hydrogen fuel cell i 2021 a ke manaʻo nei e holo piha lākou i ka makahiki 2022.

Ke noiʻi nei i nā kaʻaahi hydrogen no nā makahiki he nui ma US a me Kanada. No ka laʻana, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano locomotive no ka lawe ʻana i nā pā moku. I ka makahiki 2009-2010 ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia iā lākou mea lawe kūloko BNSF ma Los Angeles (2). Ua loaʻa koke i ka hui kahi ʻaelike e kūkulu i ke kaʻaahi kaʻaahi mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hydrogen-fueled ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (3). ʻO Stadler.

Hāʻawi ka ʻaelike i ka hiki ke hana i nā mīkini ʻehā. Hoʻohana ʻia e ka hydrogen Hoalohaloha H2 i hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 2024 ma ke ʻano he papahana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa ʻO Redlands, he laina 14,5 km ma waena o Redlands a me Metrolink ma San Bernardino, Kaleponi.

3. Hoʻolaha mea hoʻolaha i ke kaʻaahi holo kaʻa hydrogen mua ma US.

Ma lalo o ka ʻaelike, e hoʻomohala ʻo Stadler i kahi kaʻaahi hydrogen e loaʻa i ʻelua mau kaʻa ma kēlā ʻaoʻao kēia ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana mana i loaʻa nā wahie a me nā pahu hydrogen. Manaʻo ʻia kēia kaʻaahi e lawe i ka nui o 108 mau ohua, me kahi kū hou aʻe a me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 130 km/h.

Ma Korea Hema ʻO Ke Kahi Pūnaewele ʻo Hyundai Ke kūkulu nei ʻo ia i kahi kaʻaahi wahie me ka prototype mua i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 2020. 

Manaʻo nā hoʻolālā e hiki iā ia ke huakaʻi 200 km ma waena o ka refueling, me ka wikiwiki a hiki i 70 km / h. I ka huli ʻana, ma Iapana Hui Kaaahi Iapana Hikina. ua hoʻolaha i kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻāʻo i nā kaʻa hydrogen hou mai 2021. Hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana i ka wikiwiki o 100 km / h. a ua manaʻo ʻia e holo ma kahi o 140 km ma kahi pahu hydrogen hoʻokahi.

Inā kaulana ke alahao hydrogen, pono ia i ka wahie a me nā ʻōnaehana āpau e kākoʻo i ka lawe kaʻaahi. ʻAʻole wale nā ​​ala kaʻaahi.

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea mua ma Iapana i kēia manawa. mea lawe hydrogen liquefiedPalena Suiso. He 8 tausani tona ka mana. Hoʻolālā ʻia ia no ka lawe ʻana i ke kai lōʻihi o ka nui o ka hydrogen, i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i -253 ° C, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lakene o 1/800 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui kinoea kumu.

E mākaukau ka moku ma ka hopena o 2020. ʻO kēia nā moku i hiki iā ORLEN ke hoʻohana e hoʻokuʻu aku i ka hydrogen a lākou e hana ai. ʻO ia ka wā e hiki mai ana?

4. Suiso Frontier ma ka wai

E nānā hoʻi: