Puali Ea Puali Puali Puʻupuʻu Botswana

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1979, ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻelua mau mokulele mokulele ʻelua Short SC7 Skyvan 3M-400 i nā lako o ka BDF. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ka mokulele me nā hōʻailona hale hana ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana i ka mea loaʻa ʻApelika. Kiʻi Pūnaewele

Aia ma ʻApelika hema, ʻaneʻane ʻelua ʻo Botswana ka nui o Polani, akā ʻelua miliona kānaka wale nō. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma lalo o Saharan ʻApelika, ua mālie kēia ʻāina ma ke ala o ke kūʻokoʻa - ua pale ʻo ia i nā hakakā kūpilikiʻi a me ke koko i ʻike ʻia i kēia ʻāpana o ka honua.

A hiki i ka makahiki 1885, ua noho ʻia kēia mau ʻāina e ka poʻe ʻōiwi - ka poʻe Bushmen, a laila e ka poʻe Tswana. I ka lua o ka hapalua o ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa, ua haehae ʻia ka mokuʻāina e nā hakakā ʻohana, pono pū ke kaiāulu kūloko e hana me nā poʻe keʻokeʻo e hōʻea mai ana mai ka hema, mai Transvaal, nā Buroms. ʻO ka poʻe Afrikaners, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hakakā no ka mana me nā kolonialis mai Great Britain. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Bechuanaland, i kapa ʻia ka mokuʻāina i kēlā manawa, i loko o ka ʻāina hoʻomalu Pelekane ma 50. I ka makahiki 1966, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻāina ma kāna ʻāina, a ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Botswana kūʻokoʻa i XNUMX.

ʻO ka mokuʻāina hou i hana ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i loaʻa ka mana kūʻokoʻa ma ka hema o ʻApelika i kēlā manawa. ʻOiai kona wahi i loko o ka ʻāina "inflamed" i kēlā manawa, ma waena o ʻApelika Hema, Zambia, Rhodesia (i kēia lā ʻo Zimbabwe) a me South West Africa (ʻo Namibia i kēia manawa), ʻaʻohe pūʻali koa ʻo Botswana. Ua hana ʻia nā hana paramilitary e nā mākaʻi liʻiliʻi. I ka makahiki 1967, he 300 wale nō nā luna i lawelawe. ʻOiai ua hoʻonui pinepine ʻia kēia helu ma waena o nā XNUMXs, ʻaʻole lawa ia e hōʻoia i ka pale palena kūpono.

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā hana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻApelika i ka makahiki XNUMX, e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā neʻe "hoʻokuʻu aupuni" ma ka ʻāina, ua koi ʻia ke aupuni Gaborone e hana i kahi pūʻali koa hiki ke hoʻolako pono i ka pale palena. ʻOiai ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Botswana e noho kūʻokoʻa i nā hakakā i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka hema o ʻApelika i nā makahiki XNUMX, XNUMX a me XNUMX, ua aloha ʻo ia me ka makemake ʻeleʻele no ke kūʻokoʻa. Aia nā lālā o nā hui e hakakā ana i ka noho aliʻi keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻāina kokoke, me. ʻApelika ʻApelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ANC) a i ʻole Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA).

ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā pūʻali koa o Rhodesia, a laila ʻo ka South Africa Defense Forces, i kēlā me kēia manawa i nā mea i loaʻa i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā alahele kahi i lawe ʻia ai nā pūʻali koa mai Zambia a i ʻApelika Hema Komohana (Namibia i kēia lā) ua hele pū ma Botswana. Ua ʻike pū nā makahiki XNUMX mua i nā hakakā ma waena o Botswana a me nā pūʻali Zimbabwe.

Ma muli o nā hana i hana ʻia ma muli o ke kānāwai i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka Pāremata ma ʻApelila 13, 1977, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o ka pūʻali koa - ka Botswana Defence Air Force (ʻo ia ka huaʻōlelo no kahi hoʻokumu mokulele e ʻike ʻia ma nā pūnaewele aupuni) . , kekahi inoa maʻamau ʻo ka Air Wing o ka Botswana Defense Force). Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana mokulele ma ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana o ka mākaʻi kelepona (PMU). Ma 1977, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kūʻai i ka Britten Norman Defender mua, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka mākaʻi palena. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea hana ma UK. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana mai kahi kumu i ke kapikala mokuʻāina ʻo Gaborone, a mai Francistown a me nā wahi pae ʻāina makeshift liʻiliʻi.

ʻAʻole i hoʻomaka maikaʻi ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻāpana mokulele o ka Botswana Defense Forces. I ka wā o ka hoʻoili ʻana mai UK o ka mokulele BN2A-1 Defender, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hana i kahi pae ulia pōpilikia ma Maiduguri, Nigeria, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ʻo ia a laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia i Lagos; Ua haki ʻia kēia kope ma Mei 1978. Ma ka la 31 o Okatoba, 1978, ua hoea mai kekahi mea pale i Botswana, pomaikai keia manawa; loaʻa ka inoa like me kona mua (OA2). I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ma ʻAukake 9, 1979, kokoke i Francistown, ua pana ʻia kēia BN2A me kahi pūkuniahi 20-mm e kahi helikopter Alouette III (K Car) nona ka 7th Rhodesian Air Force Squadron. A laila ua komo ka mokulele i ka hana kū'ē i ka hui Rhodesian, e hoʻi mai ana mai ka hakakā ʻana i ka pūʻali koa ZIPRA - ka ʻēheu kaua o ka Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). Ua pakele nā ​​pailaka i ka hoʻouka ʻana, akā ua hāʻule ka Defender me ka pōʻino nui ma ke kahua mokulele ʻo Francistown. ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia kahi mokulele mokulele ʻo Rhodesian Air Force, a ʻo kekahi o nā lanakila liʻiliʻi e ka rotorcraft e kūʻē i kahi mokulele i ka hakakā ʻīlio.

ʻAʻole pōmaikaʻi ka poʻe holo moku o kekahi BN2A, i hāʻule i ka lā 20 o Nowemapa, 1979 ma hope koke iho o ka lele ʻana mai ke kahua mokulele ʻo Kwando. ʻO ka pōʻino i make i ʻekolu mau kānaka (me ke kaikunāne o ka Pelekikena o Botswana). I ka wā o kā lākou lawelawe ʻana me ka Botswana Defense Force (BDF), ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mokulele mokulele kiʻekiʻe o Pelekane no nā mākaʻi palena, nā hoʻokuʻu olakino a me ka lawe ʻana i nā pōʻino. Ua hoʻolako ʻia kekahi mokulele me ka puka ʻaoʻao hoʻoheheʻe e maʻalahi i ka hoʻouka ʻana (OA12). ʻO ka huina, ua loaʻa i ka mokulele he ʻumikumamākolu Defenders, hōʻailona ʻia ʻo OA1 iā OA6 (BN2A-21 Defender) a me OA7 i OA12 (BN2B-20 Defender); e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa ʻo OA2 i ʻelua manawa.