ʻO ka hydrogen a i ʻole ka uila maʻemaʻe: ʻo wai ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kāu kaʻa kalepa māmā aʻe ʻo Ford Ranger, Toyota HiLux a i ʻole Renault Trafic?
ʻO ka Ford F-150 Lightning kekahi o nā kaʻa uila mua loa i loaʻa no ke kūʻai ʻana, akā i kēia manawa, no ka US wale nō.
I ka wā e pili ana i nā kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka makani o ka loli i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua kūʻai mua paha kekahi poʻe i kā lākou kaʻa ʻaila hope a i ʻole kaʻa diesel. No nā mea ʻē aʻe o mākou, he mea maoli ia o ka "wā", ʻaʻole "inā" e huli mākou i ko mākou kua i nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko.
ʻOiai pēlā, ke waiho nei kekahi mau nīnau. ʻO nā kaʻa uila (EV) ua ʻoi loa ma mua o ka hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), me nā kaʻa uila e neʻe ana mai ka ʻimi automotive i nā mea makemake maoli i nā makahiki i hala. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana e pili ana i ka FCEV e lilo i ʻāpana o kā mākou kaʻa kaʻa e hiki mai ana, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e ʻike i ka hydrogen ke kumu mana kūpono no nā kaʻa kalepa o ka wā e hiki mai ana.
No laila, e kau ana paha kāu kaʻa kaʻa hoʻokahi tona a i ʻole kaʻa hana nui e kau ana i lalo, a i ʻole e pāʻani paha ia i kahi pahu wahie a me ka pahu hydrogen? ʻAʻole pono e kāhāhā, no ka mea, manaʻoʻiʻo a ʻaʻole paha, ʻoi aku ka pili o kēia mau ʻano kaʻa ʻelua i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lumi hōʻikeʻike ma mua o kou manaʻo.
uila uila
I kēia manawa, ʻike ka lehulehu i nā kaʻa uila uila, nā pono a me nā hemahema. ʻO nā kaʻa e like me Tesla Model S, Model 3 a me Nissan Leaf e hana i ka hapa nui o ka hana nui ma ʻaneʻi, a i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hui pū ʻia lākou e nā kaʻa e like me Hyundai Ioniq, Mercedes EQC, Jaguar I-Pace a me Audi E-Tron. Akā i kēia manawa, ua liʻiliʻi loa nā kaʻa ʻoihana uila a pau ma kēia ʻāina.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa Fuso, ʻo ka Renault Kangoo ZE wale nō ka mea hana uila mai kahi mea hana nui i kūʻai ʻia ma Australia a hiki i kēia lā, a ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi loa.
ʻO ke kumu o ia mea he $50,290 nui ma mua o nā lilo huakaʻi a me kahi mile mile o 200 km. Hāʻawi ʻia i kona kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he kaʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai i ka uku uku ma lalo o ka pā, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ma ka uku hoʻokahi he drawback nui no kahi mea i uku ʻia ma ke ʻano he kaʻa lawe. Maikaʻi paha kēia i nā kūlanakauhale paʻa a paʻa a me nā kūlanakauhale o ʻEulopa, akā ʻaʻole nui loa i nā ʻāina ʻāina nui o Australia - ke ʻole ia e hele mamao loa mai kona kumu home.
Akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka paʻi ʻana i ke ala, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻa uila āpau e hahai i nā ala kaʻa kaʻa Kangoo. I ka US, ua kokoke ka Ford F-150 Lightning e pā i nā lumi hōʻikeʻike a ke kaena nei i ka liʻiliʻi o 540 km ma ka uku hoʻokahi, 4.5 tons o ka mana huki, 420 kW o ka mana, 1050 Nm o ka torque a me ka hiki ke lilo i mea. pūʻolo uila kūloko i nā mea hana mana.
Ma US pū kekahi, e hoʻāla hou ʻia ka brand Hummer ma ke ʻano he SUV uila āpau. Hiki ke kaupalena ʻia kona pono i ka poʻe kālepa e kona kino liʻiliʻi, akā e hoʻohauʻoli ʻia kona hiki i waho o ke alanui, a ʻo kona ākea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo 620 km e hōʻoluʻolu i ka hopohopo o nā mea hoʻokele. ʻO ka holo wikiwiki ʻana i 0 km / h i ʻekolu kekona he mea hoihoi loa.
A laila, ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ʻo Tesla's Cybertruck, nāna i ʻaihue i ka hōʻike i ka makahiki i hala me kona ʻano edgy (literally) a me ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki o ka hana bulletproof a me ka hana kupaianaha. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like me Ford a me Hummer, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i kahi mana hana.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Rivian ʻAmelika e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ana ma Australia, a ʻo ka R1T i ʻike hou ʻia e ka hui ua pae i Australia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Me ka 550 kW/1124 Nm a me ka palena kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 640 km, pono e loaʻa iā ia ka versatility a me ka mana e hoʻokō i ka hana.
E hoʻouna mai ʻo GWM kaʻa kaʻa Kina iā mākou i kaʻa uila e like me ka nui o ka Hilux, akā hiki koke mai kahi ʻano i kūkulu ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka ACE EV X1 Transformer. Hoʻokumu ʻia e Australian startup ACE, ʻo ka X1 Transformer he kaʻa kaʻa lōʻihi, hale kiʻekiʻe me 90kW, 255Nm, kahi uku o 1110kg a me kahi ākea maoli o 215 a 258km. Me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe o 90 km / h, maopopo ka X1 Transformer e holo wale ʻia i loko o kahi kaʻa lawe, a ʻaʻohe lā kūʻai aku, akā inā pololei ke kumukūʻai, hiki ke hoʻokūkū no kekahi. ʻoihana.
Ma ʻEulopa, ʻo nā kaʻa kaʻa e like me ka Peugeot Partner Electric, Mercedes-Benz eSprinter a me Fiat E-Ducato he mea maoli o ka hana ʻana, e hōʻike ana ua lawa ka ʻenehana uila no ka hoʻohana maʻamau. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea ʻino.
ʻOiai he maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai - e ʻimi wale i kahi mana mana kahiko - hiki ke hana ʻino nā manawa hoʻopaʻa no ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe ke ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia kahi charger wikiwiki. Ma kahi o 8 mau hola ka mea maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pākaukau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻopili i loko, a inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kumu hale 230V maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hopohopo ākea - ʻo ka makaʻu o ka pae ʻia ma kahi me kahi pākaukau make a me nā manawa lōʻihi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana - ʻo ia ka mea hope loa e pono ai ka mea hoʻohana pāʻoihana, a ʻo ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka charger ka manawa ke kōkua ʻole kāu kaʻa hana iā ʻoe e ola. He kaumaha nō hoʻi nā ʻōhua EV, hoʻopaʻa i ka hiki ke hoʻouka a - i ke ʻano o ke kino-on-frame - hoʻohui i ke kaumaha i kahi papa kaʻa kaumaha loa.
No laila he aha ke koho?
pūnaeau wahie hydrogen
Ma waho aʻe o ka emi ʻana o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka nui o nā mea pipiʻi e like me ke kinikini, ʻelua mau pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hydrogen fuel cell: haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka wikiwiki loa.
ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻi paona no ka pahu pākahi nui ʻaʻole wale ia e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kaʻa, hiki nō hoʻi i ke kaʻa ke hoʻokomo i ka nui o kona kaumaha i ka lawe ʻana i ka uku. E lanakila ana i nā kaʻa kalepa, ʻeā?
Manaʻo ʻo Hyundai pēlā. Ua hoʻolaha aku nei ka hui ʻo South Korea i kāna hoʻolālā e hoʻokō i ka FCEVS, e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻoihana kalepa, ka nui a me nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kaʻa, a me kekahi mau kaʻa a me nā kaʻa.
Ua loaʻa iā Hyundai nā kaʻa hydrogen-powered e hoʻāʻo ʻia i nā kūlana honua maoli ma ʻEulopa, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi ʻōnaehana hydrogen, a hiki i kēia manawa ke paipai nei nā hopena.
Eia nō naʻe, aia ka ʻenehana i kona wā kamaliʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaʻa uila, a ʻo Hyundai hoʻi i ʻae ʻo FCEVs mamao loa mai ka manawa mua. Eia nō naʻe, ke manaʻo nei ka hui ma ka hopena o kēia ʻumi makahiki e hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa hydrogen wahie no ke kumukūʻai like me kahi kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe like, ma ia manawa e lilo ai nā FCEV i mea ola maoli.
A ʻo ia ka nūhou maikaʻi no ka poʻe hopohopo e pili ana i nā manawa hoʻoiho EV, ʻoiai hiki i nā pahu FCEV ke hoʻopiha i ka manawa like me nā kaʻa petrol a me nā kaʻa diesel o kēia lā. ʻO ka pilikia wale nō e hoʻoponopono ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana: ma Australia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kikowaena hydrogen ma waho o kekahi mau wahi hoʻokolohua.
Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa iā ʻEulopa kekahi mau kaʻa kālepa hydrogen-powered e hele ana i ka papahele hōʻike. ʻO ka Renault Master ZE Hydrogen, Peugeot e-Expert Hydrogen a me Citroen Dispatch ua mākaukau ka hana a hāʻawi i nā hana like a me nā mana uku i kā lākou mau mea uila a me nā mīkini hoʻopau.
Eia naʻe, e pili ana i ke kaʻa pālua ʻelua FCEV, ʻaʻole nui ka hana. Hoʻolālā ʻo H2X Global e hoʻokumu i Queensland e hoʻomaka i kāna Warrego Ute ma hope o kēia makahiki, i ka manawa e hoʻolako ʻia ai ka kaʻa Ford Ranger me kahi pahu wahie 66kW a i ʻole 90kW no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pā uila a me kahi kaʻa kaʻa 200kW/350Nm.
He awelika ka hana: ʻo ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe o 110 km/h wale nō no ka mana 66 kW (150 km/h no ka mana 90 kW) a me ka uku kiʻekiʻe o 2500 kg. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna uku o 1000 kg e like me nā kaʻa kaʻa pālua ʻē aʻe.
Eia naʻe, ʻōlelo ʻo H2X Global e hiki i ka Warrego ke huakaʻi ma kahi o 500km ma ka pahu hoʻokahi o ka hydrogen, a ʻo kahi pahu wahie 90kW e pana i kēlā helu i 750km. Pau ke kinoea? ʻEkolu a ʻelima mau minuke ka manawa e hoʻopiha ai i ka wahie, ʻaʻole ʻewalu a ʻoi paha mau hola.
ʻOiai e piʻi nui ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike 66kW Warrego e manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai ʻia he $189,000, aʻo nā kumu hoʻohālike 90kW e manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai ʻia ma waena o $235,000 a me $250,000. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa nā kāne me kahi pūnaewele hoʻolele kinoea a me ke ola o Warrego.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hiki i ka Toyota HiLux FCEV ke hoʻohana i ka ʻike hydrogen koʻikoʻi o Toyota me ka kaʻa kaʻa Mirai, akā naʻe ʻaʻohe mea i hōʻoia ʻia. ʻAʻole naʻe i hana ʻo HiLux i ka hana i ka hybridization, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻia e 2025, me ka mana diesel-electric powertrain.
Eia nō naʻe, ke hāʻule nā kumukūʻai a hoʻonui nā kikowaena hydrogen, he aha kāu e koho ai? ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻa uila a i ʻole ka kaʻa kaʻa i kāu ʻoihana? A i ʻole… ʻaʻohe mea e pani ai i nā hydrocarbons wai no kāu lio hana?
