Nā ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana brake: ke kumu o ka hana o nā pahu pahu a me nā disc brakes

Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa no ka mālama ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa, hoʻopaʻa iā ia a paʻa i kahi no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka huila a me ke alanui. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka ikaika braking e ka wili huila, ka ʻenekini kaʻa (i kapa ʻia ʻo engine braking), kahi hydraulic a i ʻole uila i ka hoʻouna ʻana.

No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau hana, ua kau ʻia nā ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana brake ma ke kaʻa:

• Pūnaehana kaʻa hana. Hāʻawi i ka deceleration hoʻomalu a me ke kū kaʻa.
• Pūnaehana kaʻawale. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hihia o ka hemahema a me ka hana ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana hana. Hana ia i nā hana like me ka ʻōnaehana hana. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana kaʻawale ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana autonomous kūikawā a ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana brake hana (kekahi o nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa).
• Pūnaehana kaʻa kaʻa. Hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana braking ka mea nui loa e hōʻoia i ka palekana ikaika o ke kaʻa. Ma nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa he nui, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole a me nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻonui ai i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana braking a me ke kūpaʻa braking.

Pehea e hana ai ka ʻōnaehana wawahi

Ke paʻi ʻoe i ka pedal brake, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ukana i ka amplifier, kahi e hana ai i ka ikaika hou ma ka cylinder brake nui. ʻO ka piston master cylinder piston ka paila i ka wai ma o nā paipu i nā huila huila. Hoʻonui kēia i ke kaomi wai i loko o ka mea hana brake. Na nā pistons o nā huila huila e hoʻoneʻe i nā pale pale i nā disc (drums).

ʻO ke kaomi hou aʻe ma ka pedal e hoʻonui i ka paʻi wai a hoʻāla ʻia nā kaʻa, kahi e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā huila a me ke ʻano o nā mana braking ma kahi o ka pili ʻana o nā huila me ke alanui. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka pedal brake, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huila. Hiki ke piʻi i ka 10-15 MPa ke kaomi wai i ka wā braking.

I ka pau ʻana o ka braking (hoʻokuʻu i ka pedal brake), e neʻe ka pedal ma lalo o ka mana o kahi punawai hoʻi i kona kūlana mua. Ke neʻe nei ka piston o ka pahu pahu nui i kona kūlana kumu. Hoʻoneʻe nā mea puna i nā pad mai nā diski (pahu). Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka wai hoʻoheheʻe mai nā huila huila ma o nā pipeline i loko o ka pahu pahu master. Ke hāʻule nei ke kaomi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana.

Nā ʻano ʻōnaehana kaʻa

Hoʻohui ka ʻōnaehana brake i ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa a me ke kaʻa kaʻa. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa no ka hana ʻana i ka torque braking e pono ai e lohi a hoʻōki i ke kaʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mīkini friction brake ma luna o nā kaʻa, ʻo ka hana o ia mea e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ikaika friction. Hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā ʻōnaehana brake o ka ʻōnaehana hana i ka huila. Aia paha ke kaʻa kaʻa ma hope o ka pahu pahu a i ʻole ka pahu hoʻoili.

Ma muli o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻāpana friction, aia pahu a me ka diski nā mīkini kaʻa.

ʻO ka mīkini kaʻa kaʻa me kahi ʻāpana wili a paʻa. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻōwili mīkini pahu hoʻohana ʻia kahi pahu pahu, kahi ʻāpana paʻa - pad brake a i ʻole nā ​​kaula.

ʻāpana kaʻapuni mīkini hana diski hōʻike ʻia e kahi disc brake, hoʻopaʻa ʻia - e nā pad brake. Ma ke alo a me ka hope o nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa hou, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua kau ʻia nā disc brakes.

Pehea e hana ai nā paleki pahu

ʻO nā ʻāpana nui o loko o nā pahu pahu:

1. Pahu pahu. ʻO kahi mea i hana ʻia me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Ua kau ʻia ma luna o kahi hub a i ʻole kahi kākoʻo kākoʻo a lawelawe ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻāpana pili nui e pili pono ana me nā pads, akā he hale hoʻi kahi i kau ʻia ai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka pahu pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka ʻoi loa o ka hana braking.
2. Nā paʻi. ʻAʻole like me nā pad brake disc, he semi-circular ke ʻano o ka pahu pahu pahu. ʻO ko lākou ʻaoʻao i waho he uhi asbestos kūikawā. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā pale pale ma nā huila hope, a laila pili pū kekahi o lākou i ka lever kaʻa kaʻa.
3. Nā pūnāwai hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea i nā ʻāpana o luna a me lalo o nā pads, e pale ana iā lākou mai ka neʻe ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole i ka wā ʻole.
4. Paʻa pahu. He kino kūikawā kēia i hana ʻia me ka hao, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e kau ʻia ai nā piston hana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ke kaomi hydraulic e kū nei i ka wā e kaomi ai ka mea hoʻokele i ka pedal brake. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā pistons he mau hōʻailona lāʻau a me kahi valve e wehe ai i ka ea i paʻa i ke kaapuni.
5. Disk pale. ʻO ka ʻāpana he mea i kau ʻia i ka hub kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā cylinders brake a me nā pads. Lawe ʻia kā lākou hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā clamps kūikawā.
6. ʻAno hoʻokele ponoʻī. ʻO ke kumu o ka mīkini he wīwī kūikawā, e hohonu ana i ka wā e pau ai nā pad brake. ʻO kāna kumu e hōʻoia i ka paʻi mau ʻana o nā pads i ka ʻili o ka pahu, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻaʻahu o kā lākou mau papa hana.

**Ua ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i helu ʻia e mākou. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ka hapa nui o nā mea hana nui. Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana i hoʻokomo pilikino ʻia e kekahi mau hui. ʻO ia, no ka laʻana, ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i nā pads, nā ʻano spacer āpau, etc.

Pehea ia hana: ka mea hoʻokele, inā pono, kaomi i ka pedal, e hana ana i ka piʻi nui ʻana i ke kaapuni kaapuni. Ke kaomi nei ka hydraulics i nā piston master cylinder, ka mea e hoʻoikaika ai i nā pad brake. "Hoʻokaʻawale" lākou i nā ʻaoʻao, e hohola ana i nā pūnāwai hui, a hiki i nā wahi o ka pilina me ka ʻili hana o ka pahu. Ma muli o ka friction i loaʻa i kēia hihia, ua emi ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā huila, a lohi ke kaʻa. ʻO ka algorithm maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i nā pahu pahu e like me kēia. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana me hoʻokahi piston a me ʻelua.

Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka palaka pahu

Ma waena o nā pono Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pahu e ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻolālā, kahi wahi nui o ka pilina ma waena o nā pads a me ka pahu, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ka wai brake inexpensive me kahi paila haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi kahi hoʻolālā pani e pale ai i ka mīkini mai ka wai a me ka lepo.

ʻO nā hemahema o ka pahu pahu:

• pane lohi;
• ka hoʻokō pono ʻole;
• maikaʻi ʻole ka ventila;
• hana ka ʻōnaehana i ka haki ʻana, ka mea e kaupalena ʻia ai ka ikaika kaomi ʻae ʻia o nā pads ma nā paia pahu;
• me ka braking pinepine a me nā ukana kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke deformation o ka pahu ma muli o ka hoʻomehana ikaika.

I nā kaʻa hou, hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu pahu pahu i ka liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou ma nā huila hope i nā hiʻohiʻona kālā. I kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻokō i nā kaʻa kaʻa.

I ka manawa like, ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka pahu, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana o ka ʻōnaehana brake. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā pahu pahu i nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka disc brakes

ʻO ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa disiki he disc brake rotating, ʻelua mau pad paʻa i kau ʻia i loko o ka caliper ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

Ma kēia ʻōnaehana, kaomi ʻia nā pads i kau ʻia ma ka caliper ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i nā mokulele o ka disc brake, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka huila huila a huli pū me ia. Loaʻa i nā pad brake metala nā lining friction.

ʻO ka caliper kahi kino i hana ʻia me ka hao a i ʻole aluminika ma ke ʻano o kahi bracket. Aia i loko he pahu pahu me kahi piston e kaomi ana i nā pads i ka disc i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai.

Hiki ke lana a paʻa paha ka bracket (caliper). Hiki ke neʻe ka bracket lana ma nā alakaʻi. Hoʻokahi kāna piston. ʻO ka caliper hoʻolālā paʻa he ʻelua pistons, hoʻokahi ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka disc. Hiki i kēlā ʻano hana ke kaomi ikaika i nā pads i ka disc brake a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona ikaika.

Hana ʻia nā disc brake mai ka hao, ke kila, ke kalapona a me ka ceramic. ʻAʻole kūʻai ke kumukūʻai o nā disc hao, loaʻa nā ʻano frictional maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna mau frictional.

Loaʻa i nā diski kalapona māmā ke kiʻekiʻe o ka friction a me ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa. Akā makemake lākou i ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou kumukūʻai. ʻO ka laulā o nā disc brake carbon he mau kaʻa haʻuki.

He haʻahaʻa ka Ceramics ma mua o ka carbon fiber ma ke ʻano o ka friction coefficient, akā hana maikaʻi ia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, he ikaika nui a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hemahema nui o ia mau disc, ʻo ia ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā pono a me nā pōʻino o nā disc brakes

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā disc brakes:

• liʻiliʻi ke kaumaha ma mua o ka ʻōnaehana pahu;
• ka maʻalahi o kaʻike a me ka mālamaʻana;
• ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma muli o ka hoʻolālā hāmama;
• hana paʻa ma kahi ākea ākea.

Nā pōʻino o nā disc brakes:

• ka wela nui;
• ka pono o nā mea hoʻonui hou ma muli o ka palena palena o ka pilina ma waena o nā pads a me ka disk;
• ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papa;
• ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka ʻōnaehana pahu.