Nā ʻano kiʻi ʻenehana a me nā kiʻi

Aia ma lalo nā ʻano kiʻi ʻenehana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou kumu. E ʻike pū ʻoe i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi ʻana i nā mea.

Ma muli o ke kumu, ua ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kiʻi penei:

hoʻohuihui - hōʻike i ke kūlana pili, ke ʻano a me ka launa pū ʻana o nā ʻāpana pākahi o nā ʻāpana i hui ʻia. Heluhelu ʻia nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana a wehewehe ʻia ma kahi pā kūikawā; hōʻike pū ʻia nā ana a me nā ana pili. Pono e hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ka huahana ma ke kiʻi. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia ka axonometric projection a me nā ʻāpana i nā kaha kiʻi hui;

ka houluulu ana - kahi kiʻi kiʻi hui o ka huahana me nā ʻikepili i noi ʻia a me nā ana e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana pākahi i ʻāpana o ka huahana i hōʻike ʻia;

luna hoʻolālā - he kaha kiʻi o kahi ʻāpana i loaʻa nā ʻike āpau e pono ai no ka hoʻokō ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana hou i ke ʻano o kahi mea me nā ana. Loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pololei o ka hana ʻana, ke ʻano o nā mea, a me nā kuhi pono o ka mea a me nā ʻāpana i koi ʻia. Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ke kiʻi hoʻokō me kahi papa kiʻi kiʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā ʻikepili he nui e pono ai, pono e loaʻa ka helu kiʻi a me ka nui o ka unahi. Pono ka helu kaha kiʻi i ka helu ʻāpana ma ke kaha kiʻi hui;

hoʻonohonoho ʻana - he kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā ʻanuʻu a me ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hui ʻana o ka hāmeʻa. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā ana huahana (i kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻia nā ana holoʻokoʻa);

wahi - kahi kiʻi e hōʻike ana i kahi o nā mea hoʻokahi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka pili ʻana;

lumi hana (hana) - he kaha kiʻi o kahi ʻāpana me ka ʻikepili i noi ʻia e pono ai e hana i hoʻokahi hana ʻenehana;

schematic - he ʻano kiʻi kiʻi ʻenehana, ʻo ke ʻano o ia mea e hōʻike i ke kumu o ka hana o kahi hāmeʻa, hoʻonohonoho a ʻōnaehana paha. ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi o kēia ʻano e lawe i ka ʻike ʻaʻole e pili ana i ka nui o nā mea a i ʻole ko lākou pili pili ākea, akā e pili ana i ka pili pono a me ka pili pono. Hōʻike ʻia nā mea a me nā pilina ma waena o lākou i kahi hōʻailona;

mea hoikeike - he kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona pono loa o ka mea;

hale kūkulu hale a me ke kūkulu ʻana (kūkulu ʻenehana) - he kiʻi ʻenehana e hōʻike ana i kahi hale a i ʻole kona ʻāpana a lilo i kumu no ka hana kūkulu. Hana ʻia kēia e ka mea kākau kiʻi ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana o kahi mea kālai kiʻi, ʻenehana hana hale, a i ʻole ʻenekinia kīwila a he ʻāpana ia o kahi papahana hale. Hōʻike pinepine ia i kahi hoʻolālā, ʻāpana a i ʻole facade o kahi hale a i ʻole kahi kikoʻī o kēia mau kiʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kaha kiʻi, ka nui o nā kikoʻī a me ka nui o ke kaha kiʻi e pili ana i ke kahua o ka papahana a me kona holomua. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻo 1:50 a i ʻole 1:100 ka pālākiō nui i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i nā ʻāpana, nā papahele a me nā kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo nā unahi nui i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka papa hana e hōʻike i nā kikoʻī.

I ka hana ʻana i nā palapala, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kiʻi kiʻi o nā mea. ʻO kēia mau mea, ma waena o kekahi:

Nānā - ʻO ka projection orthogonal e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāpana ʻike ʻia o ka mea a, inā pono, nā kihi ʻike ʻole ʻia;

hoʻolei - nānā i kekahi mokulele projection;

Quadruple - he hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi o ka contour o kahi mea i loaʻa ma kahi mokulele ʻāpana;

ʻāpana kuapo - he laina e hōʻike ana i ke kaʻe o kahi mea e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana mokulele, a me ka contour ma waho o kēia mokulele;

polokalamu - he kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia mea a me ka pilina ma waena o lākou; hōʻailona ʻia nā mea me nā hōʻailona kiʻi kūpono;

набросок - kākau lima maʻamau ke kiʻi a ʻaʻole pono i puka. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hōʻike i ka manaʻo o kahi hopena constructive a i ʻole kahi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā o ka huahana, a no ka waihona;

kiʻi kiʻi - ka hōʻike kiʻi o nā hilinaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā laina ma ka mokulele kaha kiʻi.

MU