Ke ʻano o nā aniani kaʻa, kā lākou māka a me ka decoding

ʻOiaʻiʻo ua ʻike kēlā me kēia ʻona kaʻa i nā kaha ma ke alo, ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ​​puka aniani hope o ke kaʻa. ʻO ka papa o nā leka, nā helu, a me nā inoa ʻē aʻe i loko o ia mea e halihali nei i ka nui o ka ʻike kūpono no ka mea hoʻokele - ma ka wehe ʻana i kēia palapala, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke aniani i hoʻohana ʻia, ka lā o kona hana ʻia ʻana, a ʻike pū hoʻi na wai a i ka wā hea i hoʻohua ai. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka pono e hoʻohana i ka māka ma nā hihia ʻelua - ke hoʻololi i ke aniani hōʻino a me ke kaʻina o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia.

Inā i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana ua hoʻololi ʻia kahi kīʻaha hoʻokahi - ʻo ka mea paha, ua hopena ʻia ia e kona aʻa kino a i ʻole ka ulia, akā ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ʻelua mau aniani a ʻoi paha e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ulia koʻikoʻi i ka wā i hala.

He aha ke aniani kaʻa?

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua piʻi ka wikiwiki o ka holo o nā kaʻa, a, no laila, nā koi no ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike a me ka hiki ke ʻike i ke ākea a puni ke kaʻa ʻoiai ke hoʻokele ua hoʻonui nui ʻia hoʻi.

ʻO ke aniani kaʻa kahi mea kino i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi i ka pae i makemake ʻia o ka ʻike a hana i kahi hana pale. Pale nā ​​aniani i ka mea kalaiwa a me nā ohua mai nā headwinds, ka lepo a me ka lepo, ka ua a me nā pōhaku e lele ana mai lalo o nā huila o nā kaʻa neʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā koi nui no ke aniani kaʻa:

• Ka maluhia.
• Kūleʻa.
• Pono
• ʻO ke ola huahana lawa.

Nā ʻano kīʻaha kaʻa

I kēia lā aia ʻelua ʻano nui o ke aniani kaʻa:

• Triplex.
• ʻO Stalinite (aniani hoʻonāukiuki).

Nui nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a loaʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa loa.

Triplex

Hana ʻia nā Autoglass me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana triplex i kekahi mau ʻāpana (ʻo ka hapanui a ʻoi paha o nā manawa he ʻekolu a ʻoi paha), i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i hana ʻia me nā mea polymer e hoʻohana ana i nā mahana wela. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia kēlā mau aniani e like me nā aniani (nā aniani), a i kekahi manawa me nā ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ​​pā (nā kaupaku panoramic).

He nui nā keu ʻo Triplex:

• Kūleʻa loa ia.
• Inā ikaika ka hahau, a ʻinoʻino ke kīʻaha, ʻaʻole e lūlū nā ʻāpana ma loko o ke kaʻa, e hōʻeha i nā mea hoʻokele a me nā mea kaʻa. ʻO kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e hana ana ma ke ʻano he interlayer e hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i kahi.
• E hoʻōki hoʻi ka ikaika o ke kīʻaha i ka mea komo hewa - e paʻakikī ka hele ʻana i ka puka aniani, e haki ana i kēlā aniani kaʻa.
• Hana ʻia nā aniani me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana triplex i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi leo.
• Hoʻoemi i ka conductivity thermal a kūpaʻa i nā hopena wela.
• Ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kala.
• Ka palekana pili honua.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ke aniani lamineka ʻia:

• ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana.
• Kaumaha nui.
• Ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻina hana.

Inā haki ke aniani lamineka ʻoiai ke kaʻa e neʻe nei, ʻaʻole e lūlū nā ʻāpana i loko o ke keʻena, kahi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana hou aʻe no nā mea holo kaʻa a pau a me ka mea hoʻokele o ka kaʻa

ʻO ka mānoanoa o kēlā pūʻulu triplex maʻamau mai 5 a 7 mm. Hoʻonui pū ʻia ka ikaika - hiki kona mānoanoa mai 8 a 17 mm.

Aniani hulina

Kapa ʻia ke kīʻaha aniani he stalinite, a, no laila, hana ʻia e ka hoʻonāukiuki. Hoʻomehana ʻia ka mea hana i kahi mahana o 350-680 kekelē, a laila anuanu. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi stress compressive ma luna o ka huahana, i hiki ai ke hōʻoia i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ke kīʻaha, a me ka palekana a me ka pale wela o ka huahana.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao kaʻa a me nā puka makani hope.

I ka hopena o kahi hopena ikaika, e haki ana kēlā aniani kaʻa i loko o nā ʻāpana he nui me nā kihi ʻōuli. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e waiho ma kahi o ka aniani, no ka mea inā ʻo kahi ulia pōpilikia hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia ka mea hoʻokele a me nā mea kaʻa e lākou.

He aha ka māka o ke aniani kaʻa?

Pili ʻia ka māka i nā puka aniani o ke kaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a luna paha a pili i nā mea i lalo:

• ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hana kīʻaha a i ʻole inoa inoa.
• Nā Kūlana.
• ʻO ka lā i hana ʻia ai.
• ʻAno aniani.
• Kuhi hoʻopunipuni o ka ʻāina i ʻae i ka ʻae hoʻokele.
• Nā palena kikoʻī (ʻike e pili ana i ka pale anti-reflective, ke kū ʻana o ka hoʻomehana uila, a pēlā aku.)

I kēia lā aia ʻelua ʻano o nā māka aniani kaʻa:

• ʻAmelika. Hana ʻia e like me ka standard FMVSS 205. Wahi a kēia kūlana palekana, pono e māka ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaʻa mai ka laina hui.
• ʻEulopa. Ua ʻae ʻia kahi pae palekana hoʻokahi e nā ʻāina āpau i lālā o ka European Union, a pili i nā puka aniani kaʻa a pau i kūʻai ʻia ma kā lākou panalāʻau. Wahi a nā mea i hoʻolako ʻia, pono e kākau ʻia ka leka E i ka monogram.

Ma Rūsia, e like me GOST 5727-88, hoʻokomo ʻia ka māka me nā leka a me nā helu, i loaʻa i loko o ka pepa i hoʻopunipuni ʻia nā ʻike āpau e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka huahana, ke ʻano o ke aniani i hana ʻia ai, kona mānoanoa, a me e like me nā kūlana hana ʻenehana.

Hoʻopaʻa helu ʻana i ke kaha aniani

Mea hana

ʻO ka lepili i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka māka a i ʻole ka māka kūʻai e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike ʻo wai ka mea hana i ke aniani kaʻa. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole mau ka logo i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka mea hana pololei - pili paha ka ʻike i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka ʻoihana i ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaelike no ka hana ʻana i ke aniani kaʻa. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopili pololei i ka māka ʻana e ka mea hana kaʻa.

Nā Kūlana

Aia pū ka māka me ka leka "E" a me kahi helu i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi pōʻai. Kuhi kēia helu i ka helu ʻāina o ka ʻāina kahi i hōʻoia ʻia ai ka ʻāpana. Hoʻohui pinepine ka ʻāina o ka hana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia, akā naʻe, he ʻano koho kēia. Nā code kūhelu o nā ʻāina e hoʻopuka nei i nā palapala:

kuhi	aina	kuhi	aina	kuhi	aina
E1	Germany	E12	Austria	E24	Aialani
E2	France	E13	Luxembourg	E25	ʻO Croatia
E3	Italy	E14	Kuikilana	E26	Slovenia
E4	Netherlands	E16	Norway	E27	ʻO Slovakia
E5	Kuekene	E17	Finland	E28	Belarus
E6	Pelekiuma	E18	Denmark	E29	Estonia
E7	Hungary	E19	Romania	E31	Bosnia a me Herzegovina
E8	ʻO Czech Republic	E20	Poland	E32	Latvia
E9	Spain	E21	ʻO Portugal	E37	'Okake
E10	Serbia	E22	Rusia	E42	Kaiaulu ʻEulopa
E11	'Onelani	E23	Greece	E43	ʻO Iapana

ʻO ka māka DOT ke ʻano o ke code o ka hale hana mea hana aniani auto. ʻO ka laʻana i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo DOT-563 a nona ka ʻoihana Kina SHENZHEN AUTOMOTIVE GLASS MANUFACTURING. Loaʻa i ka papa inoa piha o nā helu hiki ke loaʻa ma mua o 700 mau mea.

ʻAno aniani

Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano kīʻaha i ke kaha ʻana e nā helu Roma.

• I - pale aniani paʻakikī;
• II - ka aniani lamineka maʻamau;
• III - hana mua multilayer;
• IV - hana ʻia i ka plastic;
• V - ʻaʻohe aniani, transmittance māmā ma lalo o 70%;
• VI - kīʻaha pālua, ka transmittance māmā ma lalo o 70%.

Eia kekahi, e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke aniani i ka māka ʻana, kuhikuhi ʻia nā huaʻōlelo Laminated a me Lamisafe, i hoʻohana ʻia no ke aniani lamineka ʻia, a me Tempered, Temperlite a me Terlitw - inā he aniani ke aniani i hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻO ka leka "M" i ka māka e hōʻike ana i ka pāʻālua o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia. Mai ia mea hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka huahana a me kona kala.

Ka lā i hanaʻia

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka lā hana o ke aniani i ʻelua ala:

• Ma o ka hakina, e hōʻike ana i ka mahina a me ka makahiki, e laʻa me: 5/01, ʻo ia, Ianuali 2005.
• I kekahi hihia ʻē aʻe, loaʻa paha i nā māka nā helu he nui, a pono e hoʻohui ʻia i mea e ʻike ai i ka lā a me ka mahina o ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, hōʻike ʻia ka makahiki - no ka laʻana, "09", no laila, ka makahiki o ka hana aniani ʻo 2009. ʻO ka laina ma lalo e hoʻopunipuni ana i ka mahina o ka hana - no ka laʻana, "12 8". ʻO kēia ke kumu i hana ʻia ai ke aniani (1 + 2 + 8 = 11) i Nowemapa. Hōʻike ka laina aʻe i ka lā kikoʻī o ka hana ʻana - no ka laʻana, "10 1 2 4". Pono e hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau helu - 10 + 1 + 2 + 4 = 17, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lā o ka hana aniani i Nowemapa 17, 2009.

I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻohana ʻia paha nā kiko kikoho ma kahi o nā helu e hōʻike ai i ka makahiki i ka māka ʻana.

Nā inoa hou aʻe

ʻO nā hōʻailona hou aʻe i ke ʻano o nā pictograms i ke kaha ʻana penei ke ʻano:

• Kākau IR ma kahi pōʻai - anermal aniani, chameleon. I ka wā o kāna hana ʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi papa o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, kahi i loaʻa ke kālā, ʻo ke kumu o ia mea e hoʻopau a hōʻike i ka ikehu wela. Hiki i ka coefficient aniani i 70-75%.
• ʻO ka hōʻailona thermometer me nā hua UU a me ka pua he anermal aniani, kahi mea pale i ka radiation ultraviolet. ʻO ka pictogram like, akā me ka ʻole o nā huapalapala UU, hoʻopili ʻia i ke kīʻaha athermal me kahi uhi e hōʻike ana i ka lā.
• Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kekahi ʻano pictograms i nā aniani aniani - kahi kiʻi aniani o ke kanaka me ka pua. ʻO kēia ka mea i noi ʻia kahi uhi kūikawā i ka ʻilikai o ka huahana e hōʻemi ai i ka hiki ke ʻōlapa. ʻO kēlā aniani ke kaʻa ʻoluʻolu e like me ka hiki no ka mea hoʻokele - hoʻemi ia i ka pākēneka o ke aniani e 40 mau helu i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
• Eia kekahi, loaʻa paha i nā māka nā kiʻiona i ke ʻano o nā kulu a me nā pua, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kū ʻana o kahi papa reprot-wai a me kahi ikona antenna i loko o kahi pōʻai - ke alo o kahi antenna i kūkulu ʻia.

Mākala anti-ʻaihue

Pili ka māka anti-ʻaihue i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka helu VIN o ke kaʻa i ka ʻili o ke kaʻa ma nā ʻano like ʻole:

• I ke ʻano o nā kiko.
• Hoʻopau loa.
• Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā helu hope loa o ka helu.

Me kahi hui ʻawaʻawa kūikawā, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu ma ke aniani, aniani a i ʻole nā ​​kukui o ke kaʻa a lawe i ke kala matte.

He mau maikaʻi aʻe ko kēia māka ʻana:

• ʻOiai ʻaihue ʻia kēlā kaʻa, e paʻakikī loa ke kūʻai aku ʻana iā ia, a e hoʻonui ʻia nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻi ʻana i ka mea nona ia.
• Ma ka māka ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa koke i nā aniani, nā ipukukui a me nā aniani i ʻaihue ʻia e ka poʻe komo hewa.
• Ke noi nei i nā hōʻailona anti-ʻaihue, hāʻawi nā hui ʻinikua he nui i kahi hōʻemi ma nā kulekele CASCO.

ʻO ka hiki ke heluhelu i ka ʻikepili i hoʻopuni ʻia i nā māka i hoʻopili ʻia i ke aniani kaʻa hiki ke lilo i mea pono i kēlā me kēia kaʻa kaʻa ke pono e hoʻololi i ke aniani a kūʻai paha i kahi kaʻa hoʻohana. ʻO ke code, i loko o nā leka a me nā helu, loaʻa nā ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke aniani, kāna mea hana, nā hiʻohiʻona, a me ka lā o ka hana maoli.