pahu kukui Hungarian 38.M “Toldi” I Wahi a nā ʻōlelo o ka Trianon Peace Treaty o 1919, ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Hungary, e like me Kelemania, ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā kaʻa kaua. Akā i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki 1920, ua lawe malū ʻia nā pahu pahu LKII 12 - Leichte Kampfwagen LK-II - mai Kelemānia a i Hungary. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā lākou nā komisina mana.. A i ka makahiki 1928, ua kūʻai ākea ka poʻe Hungarian i ʻelua tankettes English "Carden-Loyd" Mk VI, ma hope o 3 mau makahiki - ʻelima mau pahu kukui Italia "Fiat-3000B" (Hungarian designation 35.M), a ma hope o 3 mau makahiki - 121 Italian tankettes CV3 / 35 (37. M), e pani ana i na pu mikini Italia me 8-mm Hungarian. Mai ka makahiki 1938 a hiki i ka makahiki 1940, ua hana ka mea hoʻolālā ʻo N. Straussler i kahi pahu pahu huila amphibious V4 me ke kaumaha kaua o 11 tons, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā manaʻolana i kau ʻia ma ka pahu. I ka makahiki 1934, ma ka mea kanu o ka hui Swedish Landsverk AV, ma Landskron, ua hana ʻia ka pahu kukui L60 (kahi inoa ʻo Strv m / ZZ) a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia mīkini e ka mea hoʻolālā Kelemania ʻo Otto Merker, ka mea e hana ana ma Suetena - no ka mea, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Kelemania e nā ʻōlelo o ka Versailles Treaty o 1919 e loaʻa a hoʻolālā i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kaʻa kaua. Ma mua o kēlā, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka Merker like, ua hana nā mea hoʻolālā Landsverk AV i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā pahu kukui, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i komo i ka hana. ʻO ka mea lanakila loa o lākou ʻo ia ka pahu L100 (1934), i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana automotive: engine, gearbox, etc. He nui nā mea hou o ke kaʻa: ka hookui ana o na huila alanui; ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kakaka a me nā pā kaua ʻaoʻao a me nā hiʻohiʻona periscopic; ka mana kiko'ī kiʻekiʻe loa - 29 hp / t - hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe - 60 km / h. pahu kukui Kuekene L-60 He pahu hoʻokele maʻamau, maikaʻi loa. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe Swedes, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻonā hoʻolālā i hōʻoia ʻia, e hana i kahi pahu "universal" koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu i hele ʻole ai ka L100 i ka hana. Ua hana ʻia ma nā kope hoʻokahi i ʻekolu mau hoʻololi liʻiliʻi ma 1934-35. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau mīkini o ka hoʻololi hou loa i Norewai. He 4,5 tona ka nui o lakou, he 2 kanaka, he 20 mm o na pukuniahi a i ole elua mau pu mikini, a he 9 mm ka pale kaua ma na aoao a pau. Ua lawelawe ʻia kēia L100 ma ke ʻano he prototype o ka L60 i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka hana ʻana i ʻelima mau hoʻololi (me Strv m / 38, m / 39, m / 40), hoʻomau a hiki i 1942. ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ka pahu "Toldi" I: Kaomi ma ke kiʻi e hoʻonui 1 - 20-mm pu panapana hoʻouka ponoʻī 36M; 2 - 8 mm pū mīkini 34 / 37M; 3 - ʻike periscopic; 4 - kahi puʻupuʻu mīkini e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka mokulele; 5 - nā makapō; 6 - radiator; 7 - mīkini; 8 - peʻahi; 9 - paipu hoʻopau; 10 - noho pana; 11 - pahu kāleka; 12 - noho kaʻa; 13 - hoʻouna; 14 - hoʻokele huila; 15 - kukui poʻo I ka wā mua, ʻo ka nui o ka L60 he 7,6 tons, a ʻo ka mea kaua he 20 mm mau pūkuniahi a me kahi pū mīkini i loko o ka turret. ʻO ka hoʻololi kūleʻa loa (a nui loa i ka helu) ʻo ka m/40 (L60D). He 11 mau tona ka nui o keia mau pahu, he 3 kanaka, he mea kaua - he pu kuniahi 37-mm a me elua mau pu mikini. 145 hp mīkini ʻae ʻia e hiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 45 km / h (ka mana mālama 200 km). ʻO ka L60 kahi hoʻolālā kupaianaha maoli. Loaʻa i kāna mau wili ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka pahu torsion (no ka manawa mua ma ka hale pahu serial). ʻO ka pale kaua mua a me ka turret a hiki i ka 24 mm mānoanoa i ka hoʻololi hou i hoʻokomo ʻia me kahi slope. ʻO ke keʻena hakakā ua hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia. Ma ka huina, he kakaikahi o lakou i hanaia a aneane wale no ko lakou puali (216 units). ʻElua mau kaʻa e like me nā laʻana i kūʻai ʻia iā Ireland (Eire - ʻo ia ka inoa o ʻIlelani ma 1937-1949), hoʻokahi - iā Austria. L60 nā kaʻa kaʻa e lawelawe pū ana me ka pūʻali koa Suedena a hiki i ka waena o 50s; i ka makahiki 1943 ua hoʻololi hou ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano o ka mea kaua. Tank "Toldi" I Kaomi ma ke kiʻi e hoʻonui I Malaki 1938, ua kauoha ʻia ka hui Landsverk AV i hoʻokahi kope o ka pahu L60B (aka m / 38 a i ʻole tank o ke kolu o ka moʻo). Ua hōʻea koke ʻo ia i Hungary a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia (Iune 23-28) me ka pahu kukui WWII TI Kelemania. Ua hōʻike maikaʻi loa ka pahu o Suedena i ka hakakā a me nā ʻano loea. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia i kumu hoʻohālike no kahi pahu i hana ʻia e Hungarian, i kapa ʻia ʻo 38. M "Toldi" no ka hanohano o ke koa kaulana ʻo Toldi Miklos, he kanaka kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kino. Ua ʻōlelo ke komisina nāna i hoʻokō i nā hoʻokolohua he nui nā loli i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pahu. Ua hoʻouna ka Institute of Military Technology (IWT) i kāna loea ʻo S. Bartholomeides i Ladskrona e ʻike i ka hiki ke hana i kēia mau hoʻololi. Ua hōʻoia nā Swedes i ka hiki ke hoʻololi, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi i nā mea hoʻokele o ka pahu a me ka pahu (stopper) o ka hale kiaʻi. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka nā kūkākūkā ma Hungary e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana mea kaua Toldi. Ua paʻa ka prototype Suedena me kahi pūkuniahi 20mm Madsen. Ua manaʻo nā mea hoʻolālā Hungarian e hoʻokomo i nā pū aunoa 25-mm "Bofors" a i ʻole "Gebauer" (ʻo ka hope - Hungarian development) a i ʻole 37-mm a me 40-mm pū. ʻO nā mea hope ʻelua i makemake nui i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hale kiaʻi. Ua hōʻole lākou e kūʻai i laikini no ka hana ʻana i nā pū Madsen ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā pū 20-mm hiki ke lawe ʻia e ka mea kanu Danuvia (Budapest), akā me ka manawa lawe lōʻihi loa. A ua ʻae ʻia hoʻoholo e hoʻopaʻa i ka pahu me kahi pū anti-tank 20mm hoʻouka ponoʻī ʻO ka hui Swiss "Solothurn", i hanaʻia ma Hungary ma lalo o ka laikini ma lalo o ka inoa inoa 36.M. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ka pū mai kahi makasini ʻelima puni. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ke ahi he 15-20 mau pōʻai i kēlā me kēia minuke. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mea kaua e kahi pū mīkini 8-mm o ka brand 34./37.M me ka hānai kāʻei. Ua laikini ia pū mīkini kīkī. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hana o nā pahu Hungarian o ke kaua honua ʻelua Toldi-1   "Toldi" I Ka makahiki o ka hana 1940 Paona hakakā, t 8,5 ʻO Crew, poʻe 3 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 4750 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2140 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 1870 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 13 Papa huluhulu 13 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 13 + 20 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 6 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 36.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 20/82 ʻO nā pū, nā pū   ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 1-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. "Busing-Nag" L8V/36TR Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 155 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 50 Kapahu wahie, l 253 Ma ke alaloa, km 220 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,62 Toldi-2   “Toldi” II Ka makahiki o ka hana 1941 Paona hakakā, t 9,3 ʻO Crew, poʻe 3 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 4750 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2140 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 1870 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 23-33 Papa huluhulu 13 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 13 + 20 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 6-10 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 42.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 40/45 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 54 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 1-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. "Busing-Nag" L8V/36TR Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 155 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 47 Kapahu wahie, l 253 Ma ke alaloa, km 220 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,68 Turana-1   "Turan" I Ka makahiki o ka hana 1942 Paona hakakā, t 18,2 ʻO Crew, poʻe 5 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 5500 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2440 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 2390 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 50 (60) Papa huluhulu 25 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 50 (60) Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 8-25 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 41.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 40/51 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 101 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 2-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURA Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 260 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 47 Kapahu wahie, l 265 Ma ke alaloa, km 165 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,61 Turana-2   "Turan" II Ka makahiki o ka hana 1943 Paona hakakā, t 19,2 ʻO Crew, poʻe 5 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 5500 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2440 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 2430 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 50 Papa huluhulu 25 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila)   Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 8-25 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 41.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 75/25 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 56 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 2-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu 1800 ʻenekini, ʻano, brand Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURA Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 260 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 43 Kapahu wahie, l 265 Ma ke alaloa, km 150 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,69 Zrinyi-2   Zrinyi II Ka makahiki o ka hana 1943 Paona hakakā, t 21,5 ʻO Crew, poʻe 4 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 5500 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm 5900 Pahu mm 2890 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 1900 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 75 Papa huluhulu 25 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 13 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull   ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 40 / 43.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 105/20,5 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 52 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini - pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. Z-TURA Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 260 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 40 Kapahu wahie, l 445 Ma ke alaloa, km 220 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,75 ʻO ka hull a me ka chassis o ka pahu ka mea like me nā mea o ka prototype Swedish. ʻO ka huila kaʻa wale nō i hoʻololi iki ʻia. Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka ʻenekini no Toldi mai Kelemania, akā naʻe, me nā mea hana optical. Ua hoʻololi liʻiliʻi ka hale kiaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā puka ma nā ʻaoʻao a me nā puka nānā, a me ka pū a me ka pū mīkini. Aia ka luna ma ka hale kiaʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a ua hoʻolako ʻia ke kīʻaha aliʻi me kahi ʻoki a me ʻehiku mau puka nānā me nā triplexes nona. Noho ka mea pana ma ka hema a loaʻa iā ia kahi mea nānā periscope. Aia ka mea hoʻokele ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke kakaka o ka hull a ua hoʻolako ʻia kāna wahi hana me kahi ʻano puʻupuʻu me ʻelua mau māka nānā. ʻO 285 mm ka laulā o nā ala. I ka huli ʻana o ke alakaʻi o ka General Staff i nā hale ʻoihana Ganz a me MAVAG, ua kū mua nā kuʻikahi ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia pahu. ʻOiai ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kauoha i ka lā 28 o Dekemaba, 1938, ua hōʻole nā ​​hale hana no ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa i kau ʻia. Ua akoakoa ka halawai o na koa a me na luna o na hale hana. ʻO ka hope, ua ʻae nā ʻaoʻao, a ua hoʻopuka ʻia ke kauoha hope no 80 pahu, i māhele like ʻia i waena o nā mea kanu, i Pepeluali 1939. Ua hana koke ka hale hana Ganz i kahi prototype o ke kila māmā e like me nā kiʻi i loaʻa mai IWT. Ua haʻalele nā ​​pahu hana mua ʻelua i ka mea kanu ma ʻApelila 13, 1940, a ʻo ka hope o nā pahu he 80 ma Malaki 14, 1941. Hungarian 38M Toldi pahu a me CV-3/35 tankettes Nā kumuhana: M. B. Baryatinsky. Honvedsheg pahu. (Armored Collection No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P.Shmelev. Nā kaʻa kaua o Hungary (1940-1945); ʻO Tibor Iván Berend, György Ránki: Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana hana ma Hungary, 1900-1944; Andrzej Zasieczny: Nā Tanks o ke Kaua Honua II.