Hungarian ZSU 40M “Nimrod” (Hungarian 40M Nimród) ʻAʻole i manaʻo i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka tank Landsverk L-60B i kūʻai ʻia, ka hoʻokele o ka mea kanu MAVAG, ka mea i loaʻa i ka laikini e hana i ka pahu, kauoha ʻia i Malaki 1937 mai Landsverk AV kahi prototype o kahi anti-tank self-propelled unit (tank). mea luku). Pono ke kumu o ka L60B like. ʻO ka mea kaua o nā pū i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ponoʻī he pūkuniahi 40-mm. Ua hoʻokō ka poʻe Swedes i ke kauoha: i ka mahina ʻo Dekemaba 1938, ua hōʻea mai nā pū me ka mea kaua ʻole i Hungary. Ma ka lā 30 o Malaki, ua kamaʻāina nā ʻelele o ka Luna Nui. Ma MAVAG, ua hoʻolako ʻia me kahi pū anti-aircraft 40-mm Bofors, kahi hana laikini i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa inoa 36.M. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo koa o nā pū kīwī i ʻAukake-Sepatemaba 1939. Ua manaʻo ke kōmike koho e hoʻonui i ka leo o ka hale kākela i mea e hoʻokipa ai i ka ʻelima o ka hui, e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻike telescopic no ke kī ʻana i nā kaʻa a me kekahi mau hoʻololi ʻē aʻe. Ma Malaki 10, 1940, ua paipai ʻo IWT i ka ACS, i kapa ʻia ʻo 40.M. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Nimrod" ma muli o ka progenitor kaulana o nā Magyars a me nā Huns - he mea hahai holoholona nui. I Dekemaba, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka Nimrod i ka lawelawe a ua hāʻawi ʻia nā hale hana i kahi kauoha no 46 mau kaʻa. ʻO Nimeroda ma nā kaʻao Nimrod (Nimrod, Nimrod) - ma ka Pentateuch, nā moʻolelo Aggadic a me nā moʻolelo o ka Middle East, he kanaka koa, he koa hahai holoholona a me ke aliʻi. E like me ke kuauhau i haawiia ma ka buke Genese, oia ke keiki a Kusa a me ka moopuna a Hama. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "he mea hahai holoholona ikaika i mua o ka Haku"; Aia kona aupuni ma Mesopotamia. Ma nā moʻolelo like ʻole, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ke kiʻi o Nimerod ka mea ʻino a me ka theomachist; Ua manaoia oia no ke kukulu ana i ka halekiai o Babela, ka lokoino loa, ka hoomana kii, ka hoomaau ia Aberahama, ka paio me ke Akua. Wahi a ka Baibala, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Nimeroda lāua ʻo ʻAberahama e nā hanauna ʻehiku. Eia kekahi, aia ka ʻike e pili ana i ke aliʻi ʻo Nimrod ma ka Koran. ʻO Nemrut, ma ka moʻolelo mele ʻAmenia, he aliʻi haole i hoʻouka kaua i ʻAmenia. Aia kekahi moʻolelo i mea e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai iā ia iho, ua kūkulu ʻo Nemrud i kahi hale aliʻi nani o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka piko o ka mauna. ʻO Nimeroda ma nā kaʻao ʻO ka pū hoʻokele ponoʻī anti-aircraft "Nimrod" Kaomi kiʻi no ka ʻike nui aʻe Akā, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe Swedes e kūkulu i kekahi o kēia mau pū i hoʻolalelale ʻia (ka inoa ʻoihana L62, a me "Landsverk Anti"; pūʻali koa - LVKV 40). ʻO ka ʻenekini a me ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka L62 ua like ia me ko ka tank Toldi, ʻo ka mea kaua he 40-mm Bofors cannon me ka lōʻihi o ka pahu he 60 calibers. Ke kaumaha kaua - 8 tons, engine - 150 hp, wikiwiki - 35 km / h. ʻEono L62 i kūʻaiʻia i Finland i ka makahiki 1940, kahi i loaʻa ai iā lākou ka inoa ITPSV 40. Ma 1945, ua hana nā Swedes i 17 ZSU me nā pūkuniahi 40-mm LVKV fm / 43 no ko lākou pono. Ua haʻalele ka hana mua ʻo Nimrod i ka mea kanu i Nowemapa 1941, a i Pepeluali 1942, ʻehiku mau kaʻa i hele i mua. Ua pau ke kauoha a pau i ka hopena o 1942. ʻO ke kauoha aʻe no 89 mau kaʻa, 1943 i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 77, a ʻo ke koena 12 i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No "Nimrod" ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu o ka pahu "Toldi", akā extended by one (sixth) roller. I ka manawa like, ua hāpai ʻia ka huila alakaʻi hope mai ka honua. ʻO nā huila hoʻokuʻu hoʻokahi, ka pahu torsion. ʻO ka hull, i hoʻopili ʻia mai nā pā kaua 6-13 mm mānoanoa, ʻo ia nā keʻena kaua a me nā ʻenekini (hope). ʻO ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka mea kaua he 2615 kg. Ma nā mīkini o ka moʻo mua Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻenekini Kelemania, a ma ka lua - ua laikini ʻia nā ʻenekini i hana ʻia ma Hungary. ʻO kēia nā ʻenekini carburetor ʻewalu pahu hoʻoluʻu wai. Ua like ka hoʻoili ʻana me ka "Toldi", i.e. ʻelima-māmā o ka honua pahu pahu, maloʻo friction multi-plate nui clutch, ʻaoʻao clutches. Paʻa mīkini - lima a me ka wāwae. Ua mālama ʻia ka wahie i loko o ʻekolu pahu. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pū kīwī "Nimrod" No ka hoʻonui - kaomi i ke kiʻi 1 - 40-mm pū aunoa 36M; 2 - mīkini pū; 3 - clip 40-mm kiʻi; 4 - kahua lekiō; 5 - hale kiaʻi; 6 - radiator; 7 - mīkini; 8 - paipu hoʻopau; 9 - nā puʻupuʻu; 10- pahu kāleka; 11 - noho kaʻa; 12 - pahu pahu; 13 - kukui kukui; 14 - hoʻokele huila Aia ka mea hoʻokele ma ke alo o ka hull ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a he mau puka ma ka pāpale ʻelima ʻaoʻao me nā prisms e nānā ana i mua a ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā poʻe holo moku ʻelima i koe - ʻo ke alakaʻi, ka mea hoʻonohonoho ʻike, ʻelua mau pū a me ka mea lawe ukana, aia i loko o ka hale huila me ʻekolu mau māka nānā me nā poloka aniani. ʻO ka 40-mm anti-aircraft gun "Bofors", i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka laikini ma lalo o ka inoa inoa 36.M e ka mea kanu MAVAG ma Gyosgyor, he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 85 °, declination - 4 °, horizontal - 360 °. ʻO nā pū, i hoʻokomo piha ʻia i loko o ka hale huila, ua komo pū me nā pūhaka kiʻekiʻe-explosive fragmentation, a me nā kukui, nā pūpū. Clips - 4 pōʻai i kēlā me kēia. He lekiō wale nō nā kaʻa o nā luna pākahi, ʻoiai he wahi ko nā kaʻa a pau. I ke kī ʻana, aia ʻelua ZSU ma kahi mamao o 60 m, a ma waena o lākou he pou hoʻomalu me kahi mea hoʻokalakupua (me kahi kumu o 1,25 m) a me kahi mea hoʻopili. ʻO ka prototype o ka mea lawe lima kaua "Lehel" Ma ke kumu o "Nimrod" i ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi prototype o kahi mea lawe lima kaua ma lalo o ka inoa inoa "Lehel" i hoʻokahi kope no ka lawe ʻana i 10 mau infantrymen (i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mea hoʻokele). I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻelua mau mea kila kila ʻole. Ua hoʻolālā pū ʻia e hoʻohuli i nā Nimrods 10 i mau mea lawe no ka lawe ʻana i ka poʻe ʻeha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hana o nā kaʻa kaua Hungarian TTX o kekahi mau kaʻa kaʻa a me nā pū hoʻokele ponoʻī ma Hungary Toldi-1   "Toldi" I Ka makahiki o ka hana 1940 Paona hakakā, t 8,5 ʻO Crew, poʻe 3 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 4750 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2140 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 1870 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 13 Papa huluhulu 13 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 13 + 20 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 6 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 36.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 20/82 ʻO nā pū, nā pū   ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 1-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. "Busing-Nag" L8V/36TR Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 155 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 50 Kapahu wahie, l 253 Ma ke alaloa, km 220 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,62 Toldi-2   “Toldi” II Ka makahiki o ka hana 1941 Paona hakakā, t 9,3 ʻO Crew, poʻe 3 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 4750 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2140 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 1870 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 23-33 Papa huluhulu 13 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 13 + 20 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 6-10 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 42.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 40/45 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 54 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 1-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. "Busing-Nag" L8V/36TR Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 155 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 47 Kapahu wahie, l 253 Ma ke alaloa, km 220 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,68 Turana-1   "Turan" I Ka makahiki o ka hana 1942 Paona hakakā, t 18,2 ʻO Crew, poʻe 5 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 5500 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2440 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 2390 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 50 (60) Papa huluhulu 25 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 50 (60) Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 8-25 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 41.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 40/51 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 101 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 2-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURA Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 260 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 47 Kapahu wahie, l 265 Ma ke alaloa, km 165 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,61 Turana-2   "Turan" II Ka makahiki o ka hana 1943 Paona hakakā, t 19,2 ʻO Crew, poʻe 5 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 5500 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2440 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 2430 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 50 Papa huluhulu 25 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila)   Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 8-25 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 41.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 75/25 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 56 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 2-8,0 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu 1800 ʻenekini, ʻano, brand Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURA Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 260 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 43 Kapahu wahie, l 265 Ma ke alaloa, km 150 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,69 Zrinyi-2   Zrinyi II Ka makahiki o ka hana 1943 Paona hakakā, t 21,5 ʻO Crew, poʻe 4 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 5500 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm 5900 Pahu mm 2890 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 1900 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 75 Papa huluhulu 25 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 13 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull   ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 40 / 43.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 105/20,5 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 52 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini - pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. Z- TURANA Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 260 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 40 Kapahu wahie, l 445 Ma ke alaloa, km 220 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,75 ʻO Nimeroda   "Nimeroda" Ka makahiki o ka hana 1940 Paona hakakā, t 10,5 ʻO Crew, poʻe 6 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 5320 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm   Pahu mm 2300 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 2300 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 13 Papa huluhulu 10 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 13 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull 6-7 ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 36. M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 40/60 ʻO nā pū, nā pū 148 ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini - pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. L8V / 36 Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 155 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 60 Kapahu wahie, l 253 Ma ke alaloa, km 250 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2   Pōhaku   "Pohaku" Ka makahiki o ka hana   Paona hakakā, t 38 ʻO Crew, poʻe 5 Ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mm 6900 Ka lōʻihi me ka pū i mua, mm 9200 Pahu mm 3500 He kiʻekiʻe, mm 3000 Hoʻopaʻa, mm   Ka lae o ke kino 100-120 Papa huluhulu 50 Lae hale kiaʻi (hale huila) 30 Ka hale a me ka lalo o ka hull   ʻO Armament   Mīkini pu 43.M Kaliber i mm / ka lōʻihi o ka pahu i nā calibers 75/70 ʻO nā pū, nā pū   ʻO ka helu a me ka caliber (i ka mm) o nā pū mīkini 2-8 pū mīkini pale mokulele - ʻO nā pū no nā pū mīkini, pahu pahu   ʻenekini, ʻano, brand kalapona. Z- TURANA Mana ʻenekini, h.p. 2 × 260 Kiekie ka māmā km / h 45 Kapahu wahie, l   Ma ke alaloa, km 200 Pihi lepo maʻamau, kg / knm2 0,78 ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hana o nā kaʻa kaua Hungarian Hoʻohana kaua ʻo ZSU "Nimrod" Ua hoʻomaka ʻo "Nimrod" e komo i ka pūʻali mai Pepeluali 1942. Ma muli o ka manaʻo ʻia o kēia mau pū hoʻoneʻe i ka anti-tank, ua hoʻokumu lākou i ke kumu o ka 51st tank destroyer battalion o ka 1st Panzer Division, kahi ʻāpana o ka 2nd Hungarian Army, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka hakakā ma mua o ka Soviet i ke kauwela o 1942. ʻO nā Nimrods he 19 (3 ​​hui o 6 mau pū i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēlā me kēia me ke kaʻa o ka pūʻali koa), ma hope o ka pio ʻana o ka pūʻali Hungarian i Ianuali 1943, 3 wale nō kaʻa i hoʻi i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. Ma ke kuleana o nā mea kaua anti-tank, ua loaʻa iā "Nimrods" kahi "fiasco" piha.: ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hakakā i nā moku Soviet o ke Kaua Honua II T-34 a me KB. ʻO ka hope, ua ʻike ʻo "Nimrods" i kā lākou hoʻohana maoli - he mea kaua pale ea a lilo i ʻāpana o ka 1st (hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1943) a me 2nd TD a me 1st KD (e like me ka terminology o kēia lā - armored cavalry). Ua loaʻa i ka TD 1 he 7, a ua loaʻa i ka 2nd he 1944 ZSU i ʻApelila 37, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā kaua me ka Red Army ma Galicia. Ma loko o kēia mau kaʻa he 17 hope loa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā limahana o ka pūʻali koa luku pahu pahu he 52, a ʻo 5 mau hui o 4 mau kaʻa i hana i ka pale lewa o ka mahele. I ke kauwela, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi hui ʻeono. Ka hui o ka hui: 40 kanaka, 4 ZSU, 6 kaʻa. Ma hope o nā kaua lanakila ʻole, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka TD 2 mai ke alo aku, e paʻa ana he 21 Nimrods. I Iune 1944, pau nā 4 Nimrods o ka 1st KD i ke kaua. I ka malama o Sepatemaba, aia ke kaua ma ka mokuna o Hungary. Ua loaʻa i nā māhele ʻekolu he 80 Nimrods (39 kēlā me kēia ma nā TD ʻelua a me 4 i ka CD). I loko o ko lākou mau papa, ua hakakā ʻo "Nimrods" a hiki i ka hopena o ke kaua. Ma ka lā 3 o Kekemapa, 1944, ua holo ka pūʻulu pahu o Lieutenant Colonel Horvat, nona nā 4 Nimrods, ma ka hema o Budapest ma ka wahi o Perbal-Vali. Ma ka lā 7 o Kekemapa, ʻo ka 2nd TD he 26 ZSU, a ma Malaki 18-19, 1945, 10 Nimrods o Lieutenant Colonel Maslau i hana i nā kaua ma kahi o Lake Balaton i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka IV German Panzer. Pūʻali koa. Ma ka lā 22 o Malaki, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Bakonyoslor, ua nalowale ka pūʻali kaua Nemeth i kāna mau pū hoʻokele ponoʻī. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau Nimrods i kaua ma ka Budapest i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ua lilo ʻo "Nimrods" i kekahi o nā ZSU lanakila a maikaʻi loa o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. Ke hana nei lākou ma waho o ke ʻano o nā pū anti-tank ʻenemi, hāʻawi lākou i ka pale ea no nā pahu pahu a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa i ka huakaʻi a i ke kaua. I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ʻelua kope o kēia ZSU: hoʻokahi ma ka hale moʻolelo mōʻaukala koa ma Budapest, ʻo kekahi ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike o nā kaʻa kaua ma Kubinka. Nā kumuhana: M. B. Baryatinsky. Honvedsheg pahu. (Armored Collection No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P.Shmelev. Nā kaʻa kaua o Hungary (1940-1945); ʻO G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915-2000"; ʻO Peter Mujzer: ʻO ka Royal Hungarian Army, 1920-1945.