Wegener a me Pangaea
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea mua, akā ua hoʻolaha ʻo Frank Bursley Taylor i ke kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka pili ʻana o nā ʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i kapa i kahi ʻāina mua ʻo Pangea a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nāna i ʻike i kēia ʻike. Ua paʻi ʻo Alfred Wegener i kona manaʻo ma ka Die Entstehung der Continente und Ozeane. No ka mea he Kelemania ʻo Wegener mai Marburg, ua paʻi ʻia ka paʻi mua ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia i ka makahiki 1912. Ua puka mai ka mana Pelekane i ka makahiki 1915. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kahi paʻi i hoʻonui ʻia ma 1920, ua hoʻomaka ka honua ʻepekema e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia manaʻo.
He manaʻo kipi loa ia. A hiki i kēia manawa, manaʻo ka poʻe kālaihonua e neʻe ana nā ʻāina, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻohe mea i makemake e lohe e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae. A no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo Wegener he kanaka kālaihonua, akā he meteorologist wale nō, ua nīnau nui ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i kāna kumumanaʻo. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi e kākoʻo ana i ka thesis o ke ola ʻana o Pangea, ʻo ia nā koena mōʻalihaku o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu kahiko, ʻano like a ʻano like paha, i loaʻa ma nā ʻāina mamao ʻelua. No ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kēia hōʻike, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe kālaihonua e loaʻa nā alahaka ʻāina ma nā wahi āpau e pono ai. Ua hana ʻia lākou (ma nā palapala ʻāina) e like me ka mea e pono ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka wehe ʻana i nā koena o, no ka laʻana, ka hipparion lio fossil i loaʻa ma Farani a me Florida. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā mea āpau e nā alahaka. No ka laʻana, hiki ke wehewehe i ke kumu o ke koena o kahi trilobite (ma hope o ka hele ʻana i kahi alahaka ʻāina hypothetical) aia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o New Finland, a ʻaʻole i hele ma luna o ka ʻāina maʻamau a hiki i kahakai. Hoʻopuka ʻia ka pilikia a me nā ʻano pōhaku like ma nā kahakai o nā ʻāina like ʻole.
He hewa a me ka pololei ole ko Wegener theory. No ka laʻana, he hewa ka ʻōlelo ʻana e neʻe ana ʻo Greenland i ka wikiwiki o 1,6 km / makahiki. He kuhi hewa ka pālākiō, no ka mea, ma ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka wikiwiki i ke kenimika i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau ʻāina: he aha ka neʻe ʻana iā lākou a me ke ʻano o kēia neʻe ʻana. ʻAʻole i ʻae ʻia kona kuhiakau a hiki i ka makahiki 1950, i ka wā i hōʻoia ai ka nui o nā mea i ʻike ʻia e like me ka paleomagnetism i ka hiki ke neʻe ka ʻāina.
Ua puka 'o Wegener mai Berlin mai, a laila ho'omaka 'o ia e hana me kona kaikunāne ma ke kahua ho'okele mokulele. Ma laila lākou i hana ai i ka noiʻi meteorological i loko o ka baluna. Ua lilo ka lele i mea makemake nui i ka ʻepekema ʻōpio. I ka makahiki 1906, ua hoʻonohonoho nā kaikunāne i ka moʻolelo honua no nā lele baluna. Ua hoʻohana lākou i 52 mau hola i ka lewa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 17 mau hola.
I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, hoʻomaka ʻo Alfred Wegener i kāna huakaʻi mua i Greenland.
Me 12 ʻepekema, 13 luina a me hoʻokahi mea pena kiʻi, e ʻimi lākou i ke kahakai hau. ʻO Wegener, ma ke ʻano he meteorologist, ʻimi ʻaʻole i ka honua wale nō, akā ʻo ka ea ma luna. ʻO ia ka manawa i kūkulu ʻia ai ke kahua hoʻokele manawa mua ma Greenland.
ʻO ka huakaʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e ka polar explorer a me ka mea kākau ʻo Ludwig Milius-Erichsen ua kokoke ʻelua makahiki. Ma Malaki 1907, Wegener
Mai 1908 a hiki i ke Kaua Honua Mua, he kumu aʻo ʻo Wegener ma ke Kulanui o Marburg. Ua mahalo nui kāna mau haumāna i kona hiki ke unuhi i nā kumuhana paʻakikī loa a me nā hopena o ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano maopopo, maopopo a maʻalahi.
Ua lilo kāna mau haʻiʻōlelo i kumu a me ka maʻamau no nā puke haʻawina e pili ana i ka meteorology, ka mea mua i kākau ʻia ma ka huli ʻana o 1909/1910: ().
Ma 1912, kono ʻo Peter Koch iā Alfred i kahi huakaʻi ʻē aʻe i Greenland. Hoʻopanee ʻo Wegener i ka male ʻana i hoʻolālā ʻia. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i ka wā o ka huakaʻi, hāʻule ʻo ia i ka hau a, me nā ʻeha he nui, ʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho ʻaʻole kōkua a koi ʻia e hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui e hana ʻole.
Ma hope o kona ola hou ʻana, ʻehā mau kānaka noiʻi e moe i ka hau mau loa o Greenland ma nā mahana ma lalo o 45 degere no ka manawa mua ma ka mōʻaukala kanaka. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, hele ka hui i kahi huakaʻi a no ka manawa mua e hele i Greenland ma kona wahi ākea. ʻO ke ala paʻakikī loa, ʻo ka hau a me ka pōloli ka mea e make ai. No ke ola, pono lākou e pepehi i nā lio a me nā ʻīlio hope loa.
I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua ʻelua ʻo Alfred ma mua a ʻelua hoʻi i ʻeha, ʻo ka mua ma ka lima a ma ka ʻāʻī. Mai ka makahiki 1915 ua hana ʻo ia i ka hana ʻepekema.
Ma hope o ke kaua, ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻo o ke Keʻena ʻo Theoretical Meteorology ma ka Naval Observatory ma Hamburg, kahi āna i kākau ai i kahi puke. I ka makahiki 1924 ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kulanui o Graz. I ka makahiki 1929, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻomākaukau no kahi huakaʻi ʻekolu i Greenland, a ma laila ʻo ia i make ai ma hope koke o kona 50 mau makahiki.
