Ua makemake anei ʻoe i ka Queen's Gambit? E aʻo i ka chess mai ka wā kahiko!
Nā mea
ʻOiai he mau lula maʻalahi ka chess, ʻaʻole ia he pāʻani maʻalahi. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka mea nona nā mea ʻekolu ke lilo i mea pāʻani chess: hoʻomanawanui iki, manawa liʻiliʻi, a me kahi papa chessboard me nā ʻāpana piha. Ua aʻo ʻo Magnus Carlsen (ka poʻokela chess honua e noho aliʻi nei) a me Garry Kasparov kaulana (ka poʻokela honua 1985-1993) i ka pāʻani chess mai ka wā ʻōpala a hele i nā pae like o ke aʻo ʻana e like me nā mea pāʻani chess novice. ʻO Beth Harmon, ka protagonist o ka King's Gambit series, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻokoʻa i kēia lula.
ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e heluhelu i nā puke he nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā loina a me ka mōʻaukala ma hope o kēia. pāʻani papa loina. Eia nō naʻe, pono ke ʻike e hoʻi ana kona kumu i India i ka makahiki XNUMXth AD. ʻO nā ʻāpana kiʻi kahiko loa i hana ʻia i ka niho ʻelepani, ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e nā mea ʻē aʻe (ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana chess lāʻau a metala paha). ʻAʻole wale nā mea o ka chessboard a me nā ʻāpana i hoʻomohala ʻia, akā ʻo nā lula o ka pāʻani ponoʻī - ua lilo lākou i mea ʻoi aku ka nui. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, laha ka kaulana o ka chess i ʻEulopa - ʻoi aku ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā kāhuna pule, ka mea, ma hope o ka hana a me ka pule, hoʻopau i ko lākou manawa kūʻokoʻa e aʻo i kā lākou mau lula e ulu mau nei. No nā kenekulia, ua lanakila ka chess i nā puʻuwai o nā aliʻi, nā mōʻī, nā mea ikaika o kēia ao a me nā kamaʻāina, a laila lilo i ʻoliʻoli honua. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o kēia pāʻani i ka nui o nā puke i loaʻa, e wehewehe ana i kona mōʻaukala me nā hoʻolālā pāʻani kikoʻī.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka chessboard a me nā ʻāpana
I kēia manawa ua pau ka hoʻolauna pōkole ʻana i ka moʻolelo, ʻo ia ka manawa e neʻe ai i nā ʻano loea. E hoʻomaka kākou me ka papa chessboard. No ke kau ʻana i nā ʻāpana, e kau ma waena o nā mea pāʻani ʻelua i pau nā lālani mua o kēlā me kēia mea pāʻani i kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma ka hema. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ke kōkua hou aku e nā leka a me nā helu o kēlā me kēia lālani, i kau pinepine ʻia ma ka papa. Ma hope o kona kūlana kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka pae aʻe: kau i nā kiʻi ma nā kahua kūpono.
ʻO ke Kiʻi o Symmetry: Nā kūlana hoʻomaka ma ka Chess
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka wahi kumu o kēlā me kēia ala ma mua o kou manaʻo. No ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kā lākou ʻano āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi: nā pawns, rooks, naita, bishops, Queen and King. Aia nā mea mua ma ka laina ahi mua - pono kēlā me kēia mea pāʻani e kau i ʻewalu ʻāpana ma ka lālani lua mai ko lākou manaʻo (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lua a me ka ʻehiku e like me ka helu ʻana ma ka papa). A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kiʻi i koe, e hoʻopiha i nā lālani kokoke i nā mea pāʻani.
Pono ʻoe e hahai i nā lula o ka symmetry: ʻo nā māla ʻelua ʻelua o ka lālani mua e noho ʻia e nā hale kiaʻi (maʻalahi lākou e ʻike i ka mahalo i ka stylization "medieval") a me nā māla ʻelua ʻē aʻe (e kokoke ana i ka waena o ka mua. lālani) noho ʻia e nā lintel e hōʻike ana i nā lio. A laila, e hele mau ana i ke kikowaena o ka lālani, hoʻonoho mākou i ʻelua Bishop - ʻo nā ʻāpana like hope loa. Ua waiho ʻia mākou me kahi mōʻī a me ke aliʻi wahine, ʻo ka mua ka mua o nā pawn a pau a he mau keʻa i kālai ʻia ma kona lei aliʻi. I kēia hihia, pili ke kānāwai koʻikoʻi: pono ka mea pāʻani e kau i kāna mōʻī wahine ma ke kahua converging (ʻeleʻele ma ke kula ʻeleʻele, a keʻokeʻo ma kahi māmā). ʻO ka hakahaka wale nō ka mea nui o ka papa: ʻo ke aliʻi. A ua mākaukau ʻo ia! Ua pau ka pae mua o ka hoʻomākaukau no ka pāʻani chess.
Pehea ka pāʻani chess? Ma ke kumu hea e neʻe ai nā kiʻi pākahi?
Ua lawa ka waiho ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma ke kahua pāʻani i nā manawa he nui i mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā kūlana hoʻomaka. Pono e ʻike hou aʻe ke aʻo ʻoe e pili ana i nā neʻe a me nā ʻano o ka hoʻouka ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. ʻO ka mea makemake e aʻo i ka pāʻani chess a me ke ahonui liʻiliʻi hiki iā ia ke aʻo maʻalahi.
Pawns. Privates me ka wili
E like me kā mākou i haʻi mua ai, ʻo nā pawns ke ahi mua a ma ka hapa nui o nā pāʻani e hoʻomaka lākou i ka pāʻani holoʻokoʻa me lākou. Ke neʻe nei lākou i mua i hoʻokahi huinaha a, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe i hope. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou kahi neʻe kūikawā: ʻo ka hana mua o kahi pawn i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā o ka pāʻani hiki ke hoʻokomo i kahi neʻe ʻelua mau ʻāpana i mua. Hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā hoa paio e kū kokoke ana i ko lākou kūlana diagonal - a, e like me ka neʻe ʻana, e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi i mua. ʻO ke koena o nā neʻe e hahai i nā lula maʻamau, hoʻokahi ʻāpana i mua. Hoʻokahi mea hope e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i kēia kumuhana: ʻo nā pawns wale nō nā ʻāpana e hoʻouka ai, ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe.
Nā hale kiaʻi. mamao a weliweli
Ke neʻe wale nei kēia mau kiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao a kū pololei. He pilikia nui lākou i ka hoa paio inā ʻaʻohe pawn ma ka faila a lākou e kū ai. I kēia hihia, lōʻihi loa ko lākou kahua luku, a hiki iā lākou ke uhaʻi i ka ʻāina ʻenemi.
Nā lele lele. Nui no nā hoʻouka kaua
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ko lākou inoa, he agile lākou a ʻike ʻole ʻia. Holo lākou ma ke ʻano L, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua mau hakahaka i mua a laila hoʻokahi hakahaka hema a ʻākau paha. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia ʻano neʻe ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau ma ka ʻaoʻao a me ka pae. ʻO ka neʻe hope loa kahi e hoʻouka ai lākou. ʻO ia wale nō ka ʻāpana hiki ke lele ma luna o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.
bihopa. Ke kumu o ka hewa
Neʻe lākou a hoʻouka i ka diagonal wale nō. Mahalo i kēia, paʻa loa lākou a loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hoʻololi koke i ka ʻāpana o ka papa ma luna o lākou.
hetman. ʻO ka mea kaua ikaika loa i ka arsenal chess
ʻO ka mōʻīwahine me ka waiwai hoʻopaʻapaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa he hui pū ʻana o ka neʻe bishop a me ka hoʻouka kaua. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana a paʻi i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma ke ākea, kū pololei a me ka diagonal (i mua a i hope). ʻO Hetman kahi mea i kapa ʻia. Queen's Gambit, ka wehe ʻana i ka chess kahi i loaʻa ai ka inoa o ka moʻo "Queen's Gambit" (ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa "queen" ma ke ʻano he synonym no ka huaʻōlelo "queen").
Moi. ʻO ka lohi a me ka waiwai nui
ʻO ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka chess e neʻe e like me ke aliʻi wahine (ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau), akā hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana. Hiki ke nānā ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokomo i loko o ka laulā o ka helu ʻenemi. A laila, ʻo kā mākou hana ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻoweliweli (hopu i ka ʻāpana ʻenemi a uhi i ke aliʻi) a i ʻole ka pakele o ke aliʻi. He mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke neʻe i ke kī ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻenemi ʻē aʻe. Inā paʻa ka checkmate me kahi ala ʻole, hahai ka checkmate a pau ka pāʻani.
Nā neʻe kūikawā
ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono e haʻi ʻia ʻelua kūlana chess kaulana a hoʻokahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻolele ʻana: inā ʻaʻole mākou i hoʻoneʻe i ka rooke a me ke aliʻi, a i ka manawa like ʻaʻohe ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma waena o lākou a ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke aliʻi ponoʻī, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoneʻe i ke aliʻi ʻelua mau keʻena ma ka hema a ʻākau paha. , a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ua hoʻonoho mākou i ka hale kiaʻi kokoke loa. He hoʻolālā kaulana kēia e hoʻonui i ka palekana o kēia kiʻi.
Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomanaʻo i kekahi o nā kūlana hoihoi loa - ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi pawn. Inā hiki i kekahi o lākou i ka lālani mamao loa mai ko mākou manaʻo (ka lālani mua o ka hoa paio), hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi iā ia i kekahi ʻāpana chess ʻē aʻe, koe wale nō ke aliʻi. A laila loaʻa iā mākou ka manawa e loaʻa ai, no ka laʻana, ʻelua mau mōʻīwahine, e hoʻonui nui ana i ko mākou manawa lanakila.
ʻO kahi lula i ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo ia ka hiki ke hopu i ka lele. Pili kēia i nā pawns, akā i nā mea i neʻe mua i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana mai ko lākou kūlana mua. Inā neʻe ka hoa paio me kona pawn mai ka laina e pili ana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, a pēlā e hele ai i ke ākea "hoʻomalu ʻia" e kā mākou pawn, a laila hiki iā mākou ke hopu iā ia ma ka diagonal, e like me kā mākou e hana mau ai, ʻoiai ke kū nei ʻo ia ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi. . He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he hiki ke hana koke ʻia kēia hopu ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoa paio i kāna pawn. Ma ka huli aʻe, hiki ʻole kēia.
He maʻalahi kēia mau lula a pau i wehewehe ʻia i nā mea he nui nā puke a me nā alakaʻi i kā mākou hāʻawi. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke wikiwiki wikiwiki i ka pae mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, a me ke aʻo ʻana ʻaʻole wale i nā lula kumu, akā, nā wehe a me nā hoʻolālā maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i nā neʻe.
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o ke aʻo ʻana i ka pāʻani chess?
Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ka pāʻani ʻana i ka chess e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mākau analytical, loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka naʻauao o nā keiki a me nā pākeke, a kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia me ka maikaʻi. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi hiki i kēia pāʻani ke hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i ka hiki, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo hoʻolālā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo mākou pehea. Hoʻokahi mea maopopo: i ka wā e pāʻani ai i ka chess, pono ʻoe e pale mua i kou mōʻī, e hoʻomohala i kāu mau hoʻolālā ponoʻī a mai makaʻu i ka hāʻule ʻole. Pono e mālama i nā pilikia ʻenehana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi papa chessboard i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana e mau no nā makahiki he nui - i kā mākou hāʻawi e ʻike nā mea āpau i kahi hoʻonohonoho kūpono no ko lākou pono, no ka pāʻani ʻana me nā hoaaloha a ʻohana paha.
I mea e leʻaleʻa nui ai nā pāʻani chess iā mākou, pono e heluhelu i nā puke e pili ana i kēia pāʻani, me nā mana no nā keiki. Hoʻopili kēia i nā hoʻolālā pāʻani i manaʻo ʻia a me nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo chess openings (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kaʻina o nā neʻe wehe). ʻOiai ʻaʻohe puke e aʻo mai iā mākou pehea e lanakila ai i ka chess i kēlā me kēia manawa, e ʻike mākou i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoihoi i loko o lākou.
A ʻo wai ka mea ʻike, malia paha e lilo ka chess i mea leʻaleʻa, a laila makemake, a laila ʻoihana, e like me Beth Harmon? ʻO nā mea a pau āu e makemake ai he manaʻo paʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, ʻo ia ka mea i loko o kēlā me kēia kanaka. E nānā inā he mea pāʻani chess maikaʻi ʻoe!
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