E hoʻāʻo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka moeʻuhane: mai Wankel a hiki i ka mīkini HCCI
Pehea i kōkua ai ka ʻenekini hoʻokaʻa i ka brand Japanese Japanese ʻo Mazda e lilo i mea i kēia lā
60 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka prototype hana mua o ka mīkini Wankel, 50 mau makahiki ma hope o kona hoʻomaka ʻana e Mazda a me ka hoʻolaha kūhelu o ka hui ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻenekini HCCI hana, he manawa kēia e hoʻi ai i ka mōʻaukala o kēia kūʻokoʻa. ʻenekini wela.
ʻAʻole hūnā ʻo Mazda i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi ʻenekini e hana ana i kahi ākea ākea ma nā ʻano HCCI - a i ʻole ka hui ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka homogeneous, ua kūleʻa, a manaʻo e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana o ia mīkini mai 2019. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha hiki iā Mazda ke kāhāhā i ke kaiāulu kaʻa. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā moʻolelo mōʻaukala o ka brand ua lawa ia e ʻike ai i nā kumu o kēia ʻōlelo. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hui Kepani wale nō ka mea lawe i ka manaʻo Wankel a me ka mea hana mua o nā kaʻa me nā mīkini e hana ana ma ka pōʻai Miller (Mazda Xedos 9 mai 1993 a 2003, a laila Demio, i ʻike ʻia ma ʻEulopa ʻo Mazda 2).
ʻO ka mea kūpono e haʻi ʻia ma aneʻi ʻo ka Comprex wave-compression diesel engine, cascaded, twin-jet and forced variable geometry no ka ʻenekini ʻaila (nā mana like ʻole o ka Mazda RX-7), nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele axle hope 626 mai ka hopena o 80s. makahiki, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaka hoʻomaka i-Stop, kahi e kākoʻo ʻia ai ka hoʻomaka ʻana e ke kaʻina puhi ahi, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaʻa ikehu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā capacitors i-Eloop. ʻO ka hope, e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hana Kepani i lanakila i nā hola 24 o Le Mans - me kahi kaʻa ʻo Wankel, ʻoiaʻiʻo! Ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka Luce, ka Wankel Cosmo Sport, ka RX-7 a me RX-8, ka MX-5 Roadster a me ka Mazda 6 e ʻōlelo nui e pili ana i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka brand ma kēia wahi. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō - i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike nā ʻenekini Skyactiv ʻaʻole wale ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana o ka mīkini puhi ahi, akā hiki iā Mazda ke hōʻike i kona ala ponoʻī.
E haʻi nui mākou e pili ana i nā hoʻomohala o nā ʻenekini o ka ʻoihana ma hope o kā mākou kipa e hiki mai ana ma ke kono a Mazda i Iapana i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā kumu o kēia ʻatikala nā mea i hiki ke loaʻa ma ka subheading ma luna. Ma muli o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumu i hiki ai i nā mea hana o Mazda ke hana i kā lākou ʻenekini HCCI, pono paha mākou e hoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻoihana.
ʻO Rotary engine ma ke kumu no Skyactiv-X
E noi aku i kahi mea hoʻokani ultramarathoner i hoʻopau i ke ala he 160-kilomita inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i kahi marathon maʻamau 42-kilomita. ʻAe, ʻaʻole paha ʻo ia e holo iā lākou no ʻelua mau hola, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i ka hele ʻana ma kahi o 42 mau hola ʻē aʻe ma kahi wikiwiki maikaʻi. Me kēia noʻonoʻo, inā he keʻena nui kāu ʻoihana ma Hiroshima, inā no nā makahiki he nui ʻoe i hakakā me nā pilikia rotary engine piston rotation rotation a hoʻoponopono i nā haneli haneli me ka lubrication a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, nā hopena nalu a me ka turbocharging, a i ʻole nā kaʻina hoʻohū ʻana o ke keʻena sickle me kahi poloka loli. ka nui e pili ana i ka Wankel, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi kumu paʻa loa no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mīkini HCCI. ʻO ka hoʻomaka kūhelu o ka papahana Skyactiv i hāʻawi ʻia he ʻumi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma 2007 (ka makahiki hoʻokahi i hoʻolauna ʻo Mercedes i ka prototype engine HCCI Diesotto paʻakikī), a i kēlā manawa ua hana ʻia ka Wankel-powered Mazda RX-8. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻenekinia o ka hui Iapana me nā ʻano hana hana HCCI i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai i nā prototypes o nā ʻenekini rotary Skyactiv-R. Malia paha, ʻo ka papahana HCCI, i kapa ʻia ʻo Mazda SPCCI (Spark Plug Conrolled Compression Ignition) a i ʻole Skyactiv-X, pili i nā ʻenekini mai ka ʻoihana rotary a me ke keʻena ʻenekini a me ka diesel, no ka mea, ʻoiai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaʻina puhi ahi ma Skyactiv-D mākou. hiki ke ʻike i ke kākau lima o nā poʻe i komo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaʻina hana HCCI. Ua ʻike ke Akua i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka evolution o Skyactiav engines i homogenous agitation and self-ignition engine - ua ʻike lōʻihi nā mea ʻenekinia Mazda e pili ana i kēia kumuhana - akā ua hiki mai paha i ka wā e ola ana ka ʻenekini Wankel.
ʻO nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa rotary, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou wale nō, ʻaʻole paha e lawe mai iā Mazda i kahi hoʻihoʻi kālā koʻikoʻi, akā e lawe pū mai ia i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻuhane kūpaʻa ʻole, ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hoʻonā i nā ʻano pilikia āpau, ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka hopena, ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā kaʻa. ʻike nui a waiwai nui. Eia naʻe, e like me Kiyoshi Fujiwara, ka mea nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻolālā huahana ma Mazda, kēlā me kēia o nā mea hoʻolālā i komo i ka papahana Skyactiv e lawe i ka ʻuhane o kahi engine Wankel, akā ua lilo ia i manawa kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kahi mīkini maʻamau. A i ʻole ma ka HCCI kuʻuna ʻole. "Akā, ua like ka makemake. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻolilo iā Skyactiv i mea maoli. Ua lilo kēia huakaʻi maoli i mea hauʻoli nui loa i koʻu ola. He ʻoiaʻiʻo, hana kēlā me kēia hui i nā kaʻa e kūʻai aku a loaʻa kālā, "wahi a Seita Kanai, ke poʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma Mazda, "akā e hilinaʻi mai iaʻu, no mākou ma Mazda, ʻo ka mea nui o nā kaʻa a mākou e hana nei. mai loko mai o ko mākou naʻau, a i kēlā me kēia manawa e lilo kā lākou kūkulu ʻana i mea hoʻokipa aloha no mākou. ʻO ka ikaika nui ma hope o kēia kaʻina hana ko mākou makemake. ʻO ka maikaʻi loa kaʻu aloha ʻenekinia. "
Ka moemoeā o ke kanaka ʻōpio
Malia paha i ka makahiki 60, ua loaʻa i nā mea ʻenekinia o ka kaʻa Mazda mua i hoʻokuʻu ʻia "he moʻolelo ʻenehana no lākou" i ka mīkini Wankel. No ka mea, ua hānau ʻia ka ʻenekini rotary mai ka moeʻuhane o kahi keikikāne Kelemania he 17 makahiki ma 1919 a ʻo Felix Wankel kona inoa. I kēlā manawa, hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1902 ma ka ʻāina ʻo Lahr o Kelemānia (kahi i hānau ʻia ai ʻo Otto, Daimler a me Benz), haʻi ʻo ia i kona mau hoa i kāna kaʻa moe he ʻenekini he hapalua turbine, hapalua piston. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike kumu o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko, akā ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia e hiki i kāna mīkini ke hana i ʻehā mau pōʻai o ka hana - intake, compression, action and exhaust when the piston rotate. ʻO kēia intuition ka mea e alakaʻi iā ia no ka manawa lōʻihi e hana i kahi mīkini rotary hana, kahi i hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻia e nā mea hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe i nā manawa he nui mai ka makahiki 16.
Ua make ka makuakāne o Wankel i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua, a ma hope iho ua kūʻai aku ke kanaka ʻōpio i nā hana paʻi a heluhelu i nā palapala loea. I ka makahiki 1924, i ka makahiki 22, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mīkini rotary, a i ka makahiki 1927 ua hana ʻo ia i nā kiʻi mua o ka "Die Drehkolbenmaschine" (rotary piston machine). I ka makahiki 1939, ua ʻike ke Kuhina o Aviation i kahi huaʻai kūpono i loko o ka ʻenekini rotary a huli iā Hitler, nāna i kauoha ponoʻī e hoʻokuʻu iā Wankel, i ia manawa i loko o ka hale paʻahao ma nā kauoha a ka Gauleiter kūloko, a e hoʻolako i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua ma Lake. ʻO Constance. Ma laila ʻo ia i hoʻolālā ai i nā prototypes no BMW, Lillethal, DVL, Junkers a me Daimler-Benz. Eia naʻe, ua hele lōʻihi loa ka mīkini hoʻokolohua Wankel mua e kōkua i ke ola ʻana o ka Third Reich. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Kelemania, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka Farani iā Wankel - ka mea like a lākou i hana ai me Ferdinand Porsche. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Felix a, no ka nele o kahi ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kākau i kahi puke ma nā mīkini piston rotary. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka Institute Institute for Engineering Research a hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenekini rotary a me nā compressors no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana. I ka makahiki 1951, ua hiki i ka mea ho'olālā ho'ohalahala ke ho'ohuli i ke po'o o ka 'oihana ka'a ka'a NSU, 'o Walter Frede, e hana like. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Wankel lāua ʻo NSU i kā lākou hana ʻana i kahi ʻenekini rotary me kahi keʻena ʻano ʻāpala (trochoid) a me kahi piston triangular i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I ka makahiki 1957, ua kūkulu ʻia ka prototype hana mua o ka mīkini ma lalo o ka inoa DKN. ʻO kēia ka lā hānau o ka ʻenekini Wankel.
60s: ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻohiki o ka ʻenekini hoʻokaʻa
Hōʻike ʻo DKM ʻaʻole he moeʻuhane wale ka mīkini rotary. ʻO kahi ʻenekini Wankel pono maoli i ke ʻano kino paʻa a mākou e ʻike ai ʻo ia ka KKM e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻokō pū ʻo NSU lāua ʻo Wankel i nā manaʻo mua e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka piston, ka hoʻonoho ʻana i ka plug spark plug, ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka lubrication, nā kaʻina puhi ahi, nā lako a me nā ʻāpana hana. Eia naʻe, nui nā pilikia i koe ...
ʻAʻole kēia e pale i ka NSU mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka makahiki 1959. ʻOi aku ma mua o 100 mau hui e hāʻawi i ka hui ʻenehana, me Mercedes, Rolls-Royce, GM, Alfa Romeo, Porsche, Citroen, MAN a me kekahi mau mea hana mīkini e kūʻai i nā laikini. Aia ma waena o lākou ʻo Mazda, nona ka pelekikena ʻo Tsunei Matsuda e ʻike i ka mana nui o ka mīkini. Ma kahi o nā kūkākūkā like ʻana me nā ʻenekini NSU, ke hoʻokumu nei ʻo Mazda i kāna Wankel Engine Development Department, kahi i loaʻa mua i nā ʻenekini 47.
Ua haʻi ka New York Herald Tribune i ka ʻenekini Wankel he mea hoʻololi. I kēlā manawa, ua pahū maoli nā ʻāpana NSU - inā i ka makahiki 1957 ua kūʻai lākou i 124 mau māka Kelemania, a laila i ka makahiki 1960 ua hōʻea lākou i kahi cosmic 3000! I ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ke kaʻa mua i hoʻohana ʻia e Wankel, ʻo ka NSU Prinz III. Ua ukali ia ma Sepatemaba 1963 e ka NSU Wankel Spider me kahi keena hoʻokahi 500 cc engine, i lanakila i ka hoʻokûkû Kelemania ʻelua makahiki ma hope. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo i ka 3 Frankfurt Motor Show ʻo ia ka NSU Ro 1968. ʻO ka sedan nani, i hoʻolālā ʻia e Klaus Lüthe, he avant-garde ma nā ʻano a pau, a ʻo kona ʻano aerodynamic (kahi kahe kahe o 80 i loko o ia iho e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaʻa. no kona manawa) ua hiki ke hana ia e ka mīkini twin-rotor liʻiliʻi KKM 0,35. Aia ka hoʻoili i ka hydraulic clutch, ʻehā disc brakes, a aia ka ʻaoʻao mua ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lawe. He mea kupanaha ka Ro 612 no kona manawa i lanakila ai ka Car of the Year ma 80. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua loaʻa iā Felix Wankel kāna PhD mai ke Kulanui ʻenehana o Munich a loaʻa iā ia ka mekala gula o ka German Federation of Engineers, ka makana hanohano loa no nā hana ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ma Kelemānia.
(e ukali)
Kikokikona: ʻO Georgy Kolev
