He aha ka paʻakikī?

Ma ka pukana 11/2019 o Audio, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ATC SCM7 i kahi hoʻāʻo o ʻelima mau mea haʻiʻōlelo. ʻO kahi hōʻailona hanohano i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe aloha mele, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka poʻe ʻoihana, ʻoiai ua lako nā hale hoʻopaʻa leo me kāna mau mea haʻiʻōlelo. Pono e nānā pono - akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole mākou e hana i kāna mōʻaukala a me kāna noi, akā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka SCM7 ma ke ʻano he laʻana, e kūkākūkā mākou i kahi pilikia maʻamau e kū nei i nā audiophiles.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻōnaehana acoustic ka hoʻokō ʻana. He ana ia o ka pono o ka ikehu - ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi leo leo (electro-acoustic transducer) e hoʻololi i ka uila i hāʻawi ʻia (mai ka amplifier) ​​​​i kani.

Hōʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi ma ka pālākiō decibel logarithmic, kahi ʻokoʻa 3 dB ʻo ia ka pālua o ka pae (a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi), ʻo ka ʻokoʻa 6 dB ʻehā manawa, a pēlā aku.

He mea pono ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ka maikaʻi o nā mea haʻiʻōlelo waena he hapa hapa - hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o ka ikehu i wela, no laila ʻaʻole kēia he "mauna wale" mai ka manaʻo o nā leo leo, akā e hōʻino hou i kā lākou kūlana hana - i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka puʻupuʻu leo ​​kani, piʻi kona kūpaʻa, a maikaʻi ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka ʻōnaehana magnetic. hiki ke alakaʻi i nā distortions non-linear. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - nui nā mea haʻiʻōlelo me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kani maikaʻi loa.

ʻO nā pilikia me nā ukana paʻakikī

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa ʻo ia nā hoʻolālā ATC, nona ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā hoʻonā kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻololi iā lākou iho, a lawelawe ... paradoxically - e hōʻemi i ka distortion. E pili ana ka mea i kapa ʻia he pōkole pōkole ma kahi ākea lōʻihiKe hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau (hoʻohana ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻololi electrodynamic) o kahi coil lōʻihi i kahi pōkole pōkole, ua ʻike ʻia e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka distortion (ma muli o ka hana ʻana o ka coil i loko o kahi māla magnetic i loaʻa i ka āpau).

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele no ka hana linear me nā deflections nui (no kēia, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke āpau ma mua o ka coil), a i kēia kūlana, ʻo nā ʻōnaehana magnetic nui loa i hoʻohana ʻia e ATK ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka hana kiʻekiʻe (ka hapa nui. o ke āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i nā coils kūlana, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha ʻia me ia).

Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa makemake mākou i kahi mea ʻē aʻe. Ke ʻōlelo nei mākou ʻo SCM7, ʻelua ma muli o kona mau ana (kahi ʻōnaehana ʻelua ala me kahi midwoofer 15 cm, i kahi hihia me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 10 liters), a me kēia ʻano hana, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa - e like me nā ana ma ʻO ke keʻena Audio, 79 dB wale nō (mākou i hoʻokaʻawale mai ka ʻikepili o ka mea hana e hoʻohiki ana i kahi waiwai kiʻekiʻe, a mai nā kumu o ia ʻano like ʻole; hoʻohālikelike mākou i ka pono o nā hale i ana ʻia ma "Audio" ma lalo o nā kūlana like).

E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, e koi kēia i ka SCM7 e pāʻani me ka mana i ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻoi aku ka mālie ma mua o ka nui o nā hale, ʻoiai ka nui like. No laila, i mea e kani like ai lākou, pono e hoʻokomo mana hou aku.

Ke alakaʻi nei kēia kūlana i nā audiophile he nui i ka hopena maʻalahi e koi ana ka SCM7 (a me ka hoʻolālā ATC i ka laulā) i kahi amplifier ʻaʻole ikaika loa e like me ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻāpana, hiki ke "hoʻokele", "huki", hoʻokele, "hoʻokele. ” e like me ka “haawe kaumaha” i.e. SCM7. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o ka "kaumaha kaumaha" e pili ana i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa loa (ma mua o ka pono) - ʻo ia hoʻi. impedance (dynamic).

ʻO nā manaʻo ʻelua o "ka ukana paʻakikī" (e pili ana i ka pono a i ʻole impedance) e koi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e lanakila ai i kēia pilikia, no laila ʻo ka hui ʻana iā lākou e alakaʻi i nā kuhihewa koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole wale ma ka theoretical akā ma nā kumu kūpono - pololei ke koho ʻana i ka amplifier kūpono.

ʻO ka Loudspeaker (leo kani, kolamu, electro-acoustic transducer) kahi mea e loaʻa ai ka ikehu uila, pono e loaʻa kahi impedance (kaumaha) e hoʻololi ʻia i ke kani a i ʻole ka wela. A laila e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mana ma luna o ia (e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻaʻole naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui ma ke ʻano o ka wela) e like me nā kumu kumu i ʻike ʻia mai ka physics.

ʻO nā mea hoʻonui transistor kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia o ka impedance haʻahaʻa i manaʻo ʻia e hana like me nā kumu uila DC. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana o ka impedance haawe ma kahi volta paʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kahe ʻana ma waena o nā terminals (inversely proportional i ka emi ʻana o ka impedance).

A no ka mea he quadratic ka mana o kēia manawa, ʻoiai me ka emi ʻana o ka impedance, piʻi ka mana inversely i ka emi ʻana o ka impedance. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻonui maikaʻi e hana i kēia ʻano ma nā impedances ma luna o 4 ohms (no laila ma 4 ohms ʻaneʻane pālua ka mana ma mua o 8 ohms), kekahi mai 2 ohms, a me nā mea ikaika loa mai 1 ohm.

Akā ʻo ka mea hoʻonui maʻamau me kahi impedance ma lalo o 4 ohms hiki ke loaʻa i nā "pilikia" - e hāʻule ka volta puka, ʻaʻole e kahe hou ke kahe i ka wā e emi ana ka impedance, a e piʻi iki ka mana a i ʻole e emi iho. E hana ʻia kēia ma kahi kūlana o ka regulator, akā i ka wā e nānā ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe (nominal) o ka amplifier.

ʻO ka impedance leo kani maoli ʻaʻole ia he kūpaʻa mau, akā he pane alapine loli (ʻoiai ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka impedance nominal e kēia ʻano a me kāna minima), no laila paʻakikī ke helu pololei i ke ʻano o ka paʻakikī - pili ia i ka pilina me kahi hāʻawi. mea hoʻonui.

ʻAʻole makemake kekahi mau mea hoʻonui i nā kihi impedance phase nui (pili me ka ʻokoʻa impedance), ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wā i loaʻa i nā pae me ka modulus impedance haʻahaʻa. He "haawe kaumaha" kēia ma ka manaʻo maʻamau (a pololei), a no ka mālama ʻana i ia ukana, pono ʻoe e ʻimi i kahi amplifier kūpono i kū i nā impedances haʻahaʻa.

Ma ia mau hihia, i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "kūpono o kēia manawa" no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia manawa (ma mua o ka impedance haʻahaʻa) e hoʻokō i ka mana kiʻekiʻe ma ka impedance haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi kuhi hewa ma ʻaneʻi ʻo kekahi mau "mea aʻoaʻo paʻakikī" e hoʻokaʻawale loa i ka mana mai kēia manawa, me ka manaʻo he hiki ke haʻahaʻa ka amplifier, ʻoiai ke loaʻa iā ia kahi au moʻolelo.

Eia nō naʻe, lawa ka ana ʻana i ka mana ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻoia i ka pololei o nā mea a pau - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka mana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka mea haʻiʻōlelo, ʻaʻole ke kahe o kēia manawa ma o ka mea haʻiʻōlelo ponoʻī.

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nā ATX SCM7s (no laila he "paʻakikī" lākou ma kēia ʻano) a loaʻa iā lākou kahi impedance nominal o 8 ohms (a no kēia kumu koʻikoʻi he "māmā" lākou). Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ka nui o nā leo leo ma waena o kēia mau hihia a manaʻo lākou he "kaumaha" kēia - no ka mea e pāʻani mālie ka SCM7.

I ka manawa like, e kani nui lākou (ma kahi kūlana o ka mana o ka leo) ma mua o nā mea ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā i ka impedance kiʻekiʻe - ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻōlelo ma ka mākeke ʻo 4-ohm. A e like me kā mākou i ʻike mua ai, me ka hoʻouka ʻana o 4 ohm, e kahe ana ka nui o kēia manawa mai ka hapa nui o nā amplifier a e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana.

No laila, he mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka pono a me ʻoluʻolu, akā naʻe, ʻo ka hui ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana he hewa maʻamau o nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻohana. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka maikaʻi e like me ke kaomi kani ma kahi mamao o 1 m mai ka leo kani ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mana o 1 W. ʻIke - i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka volta o 2,83 V. ʻAʻole paha

hoʻouka impedance. No hea mai kēia manaʻo "ʻano ʻē"? ʻO 2,83 V i 8 ohm he 1 W wale nō; no laila, no kēlā ʻano impedance, ua like ka pono a me ka naʻau. Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻōlelo hou he 4 ohms (a no ka mea, hoʻohālikelike pinepine nā mea hana a hoʻopunipuni iā ​​​​lākou he 8 ohms, ʻo ia kekahi mea).

ʻO ka volta o 2,83V a laila e hāʻawi ʻia ka 2W, ʻo ia ka pālua o ka mana, i ʻike ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o 3dB i ke kaomi kani. No ke ana ʻana i ka pono o kahi leo kani 4 ohm, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka volta i 2V, akā… ʻaʻohe mea hana e hana i kēia, no ka mea, ʻo ka hopena i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka papaʻaina, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i kapa ʻia, ʻo ia ka 3 dB haʻahaʻa.

No ka mea, ʻo ka SCM7, e like me nā leo kani 8 ohm, he "māmā" impedance ukana, ʻike ʻia i nā mea hoʻohana he nui - nāna e hoʻoponopono i ka "paʻakikī" i kahi pōkole, ʻo ia hoʻi. ma o ka prisma o ka leo i loaa ma kekahi kulana. regulator (a me ka volta pili me ia) he "paʻakikī" ukana.

A hiki iā lākou ke kani mālie no nā kumu ʻokoʻa ʻelua (a i ʻole ma muli o ko lākou hui ʻana) - hiki i ka leo leo ke emi ka maikaʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kūlana a mākou e hana nei, pono e ʻike i nā ʻāpana kumu, a ʻaʻole hoʻohālikelike wale i ka leo i loaʻa mai ʻelua mau ʻōlelo like ʻole i hoʻopili ʻia i ka amplifier like me ke kūlana mana like.

ʻO ka mea a ka amplifier e ʻike ai

Lohe ka mea hoʻohana i ka SCM7 i nā leo leo e pāʻani mālie a hoʻomaopopo pono i ka "luhi" o ka amplifier. Ma keia hihia, ka amplifier "ike" wale i ka impedance pane - ma keia hihia kiʻekiʻe, a no laila "malamalama" - aʻaʻole e luhi, aʻaʻole pilikia me ka mea i ka leo kani ua hoʻololi i ka hapa nui o ka mana e wela. , aole kani. He mea kēia "ma waena o ka leo kani a me mākou"; ʻAʻole "ʻike" ka amplifier i kekahi mea e pili ana i kā mākou mau manaʻo - inā he mālie a leo paha.

E noʻonoʻo mākou e hoʻopili mākou i kahi resistor 8-ohm ikaika loa i nā amplifiers me ka mana o kekahi mau watts, mau ʻumi, mau haneli ... ʻo ia ʻano kūʻē, ʻaʻohe "manaʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻohuli ʻia ʻana o kēlā mana a pau i wela, ʻaʻole kani.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka mana e hiki ai i ka resistor ke lawe a me ka mana e hiki ai i ka amplifier ke hāʻawi i mea pili ʻole i ka mea hope, ʻoiai ʻo ka mana o ka resistor he ʻelua, ʻumi, a i ʻole haneli mau manawa. Hiki iā ia ke lawe i nā mea he nui, akā ʻaʻole pono.

E pilikia paha kekahi o kēia mau amps i ka "hoʻokele" i kēlā pale? A he aha ke ʻano o kona hoʻōla ʻana? Ke hāʻawi nei ʻoe i ka mana kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke huki? He aha ka manaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i kahi leo kani? E hoʻopuka wale i ka mana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole kekahi waiwai haʻahaʻa ma luna aʻe e hoʻomaka ai ka leo kani maikaʻi? He aha ke ʻano o kēia mana?

Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka "paepae" ma luna o ke kani ʻana o ka leo kani i ka laina laina (ma ka dynamics, ʻaʻole ka pane pinepine), a laila nā waiwai haʻahaʻa loa, ma ke kauoha o 1 W, e komo i ka pāʻani, ʻoiai no nā leo kani pono ʻole. . He mea pono ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka distortion non-linear i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka leo kani ponoʻī (ma ke ʻano he pākēneka) me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana mai nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻike ʻia ka leo "maʻemaʻe" loa ke pāʻani mālie mākou.

Eia naʻe, i ka hiki ʻana mai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka leo a me ka dynamics e hāʻawi iā mākou i ke ʻano kūpono o ka manaʻo mele, lilo ka nīnau ʻaʻole i kumuhana wale nō, ma muli o nā makemake pilikino, akā no kekahi mea hoʻolohe he ambiguous.

Aia ia ma ka li'ili'i loa ma ka mamao e ho'oka'awale ai ia mai nā mea ha'i'ōlelo - ma hope o nā mea a pau, hā'ule ke kaomi kani i ka like me ka huinahā o ka mamao. Pono mākou i nā mana like ʻole e "hoʻokele" i nā mea haʻi'ōlelo ma 1 m, a ʻo kekahi (ʻumikūmāono manawa hou aku) ma 4 m, e like me kā mākou makemake.

ʻO ka nīnau, ʻo wai ka amp e "hana"? ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻo paʻakikī ... Ke kali nei nā mea a pau i ka ʻōlelo aʻo maʻalahi: kūʻai i kēia amplifier, akā mai kūʻai i kēia, no ka mea "ʻaʻole ʻoe e kūleʻa" ...

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka SCM7 ma ke ʻano he laʻana, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e like me kēia: ʻaʻole pono lākou e loaʻa 100 watts i mea e pāʻani ai me ka nani a me ka mālie. Pono lākou e pāʻani maikaʻi a leo nui. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae ma mua o 100 watts, no ka mea ua kaupalena ʻia lākou e ko lākou mana ponoʻī. Hāʻawi ka mea hana i ka mana i manaʻo ʻia o ka amplifier (nominal paha, ʻaʻole ka mana e hoʻolako ʻia "maʻamau") i loko o 75-300 watts.

Me he mea lā, ʻo ka midwoofer 15cm, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe e like me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma aneʻi, ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka 300W ... I kēia lā, hāʻawi pinepine nā mea hana i nā palena kiʻekiʻe i nā pae mana i manaʻo ʻia o nā amplifiers cooperating, a he kumu like ʻole. - manaʻo ia he mana leo leo nui, akā ʻaʻole koi ma waho o kēia ... ʻaʻole ia ka mana helu i manaʻo ʻia e ka leo kani.

Aia paha ka lako mana me ʻoe?

Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i ka amplifier mālama mana (e pili ana i ka helu mana leo kani) i ʻole e hoʻonui ʻia i kekahi kūlana (me ka pilikia o ka pōʻino o ka leo leo). ʻAʻole pili kēia i ka "paʻakikī" o ka hana ʻana me ka mea haʻiʻōlelo.

ʻAʻole kūpono ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā leo kani e "koi" i kēia nui o ke keʻena poʻo mai ka amplifier a me nā mea ʻaʻole. Me he mea lā ua manaʻo ʻia ka mana o ka amplifier e ka mea haʻiʻōlelo, hoʻihoʻi ka mea haʻiʻōlelo i kēia mālama, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana o ka amplifier ... , hiki ke "mastered" me ka nui o ka mana i loko o ka mālama a i ʻole nā ​​pōkole pōkole ...

Aia kekahi pilikia o ka mea i kapa ʻia mea hoʻoheheʻepili i ka impedance pukana o ka amplifier. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kēlā ma ka pukana e hiki mai ana.