Pulū Paʻa
ʻO Glucose kahi pūhui kemika i hoʻolaha nui ʻia i ka honua o nā mea ola. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopuka nā mea kanu ma kahi o 100 biliona tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma o photosynthesis!
ʻO nā molekala glucose kekahi ʻāpana o nā pūhui he nui, e like me ka sucrose, starch, cellulose. ʻO ka glucose i loko o ka wai wai ma ke ʻano apo (ʻelua isomers e ʻokoʻa ana i ka hoʻonohonoho) me kahi hui liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano kaulahao. Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano apo ʻelua ma o ke kaulahao - ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻololi ʻana (mai ka lat. ʻO Mutare = hoʻololi).
I ke kūlana kaulike, ʻo ka ʻike o nā ʻano a pau o ka mole glucose e like me kēia (no ka maopopo ʻana, ua waiho ʻia nā ʻātoma kalapona me ka helu like o nā ʻātoma hydrogen ma nā hui o nā mea paʻa):
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kaulahao e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena glucose (ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai nā ʻano apo), no ka laʻana, nā hoʻāʻo ʻo Trommer a me Tollens. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo kēia wale nō nā ʻano kala like ʻole e pili ana i kēia pūhui.
I ka hoʻokolohua e hoʻohana mākou i ka glucose, sodium hydroxide, NaOH, a me ka methylene blue dye (kiʻi 1), hoʻohana ʻia, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i mea hoʻomākaukau no ka aquarium. E hoʻohui i kekahi mea hoʻonā NaOH (kiʻi 2) o ka manaʻo like a me kekahi mau kulu o ka wai (kiʻi 3). ʻO nā mea o loko o ka ipu i polū (kiʻi 4), akā nalo koke (nā kiʻi 5 a me 6). Ma hope o ka lulu ʻana, huli hou ka mea hoʻonā i polū (nā kiʻi 7 a me 8), a laila wehe hou i ke kala ma hope o kekahi manawa. Hiki ke hana hou i kekahi mau manawa.
Hana ʻia i ka wā hoʻokolohua oxidation o ka glucose i ka waikona gluconic (ka pūʻulu aldehyde o ke kaulahao -CHO huli i ka carboxyl pūʻulu -COOH), oi pololei loa, i loko o ka sodium paʻakai o keia waiʻakika, i hanaia i loko o ka ikaika alkaline reaction medium. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka oxidation glucose e ka methylene blue, ʻo ke ʻano oxidized i hoʻokahe ʻia mai ke ʻano i hoʻemi ʻia (leukoprinciples, gr. leukemia = keʻokeʻo), ʻokoʻa ke kala:
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina hana o kēia manawa penei:
glucose + dye oxidized ® gluconic acid + wai hoʻēmi ʻia
ʻO ka hopena i luna ke kuleana no ka nalowale ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu polū. Ma hope o ka lulu ʻana i nā mea i loko o ka ipu, ʻo ka oxygen hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i ka lewa e hoʻoneʻe i ke ʻano hoʻemi o ka wai, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kala uliuli. Hoʻopau hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka glucose. No laila, hana ka methylene blue ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika no ka hopena.
E nānā i ka ʻike ma ke wikiō:
