E pepehi i nā pathogens me ka luku ʻole i ka meaʻai

Ua hoʻoluliluli pinepine ʻia ka pāpāho e nā mea hōʻino ma luna o ka meaʻai i haumia. Ua maʻi nā tausani o ka poʻe ma nā ʻāina kūkulu ʻia ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai haumia, ʻino a i hoʻomake ʻia paha. Ke ulu mau nei ka nui o nā huahana i kāpae ʻia mai ke kūʻai aku.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka papa inoa o nā mea hoʻoweliweli i ka palekana o ka meaʻai, a me ka poʻe e ʻai ana iā lākou, ma mua o nā pathogens kaulana e like me salmonella, noroviruses, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kaulana kaulana.

ʻOiai ka makaʻala o ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana mālama mālama meaʻai, e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me ka irradiation, ke hoʻomau nei ka poʻe i ka maʻi a make i nā meaʻai haumia a maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano scalable e pepehi i nā microbes pōʻino ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka ʻono a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēia, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano o ka pepehi ʻana i nā microorganism e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kēia mau helu, luku i nā huaora, a hoʻololi paha i ke ʻano o ka meaʻai. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki ke mālama i ka letus paila, akā maikaʻi ka hopena culinary.

ʻO ka plasma anuanu a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe

Ma waena o nā ala he nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka meaʻai, mai nā microwaves a hiki i ka pulsed ultraviolet radiation a me ka ozone, ʻelua mau ʻenehana hou e hoihoi nui ʻia: ka plasma anu a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻi e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia āpau, akā hiki i nā mea ʻelua ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana o ka lako meaʻai. Ma kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia ma Kelemania i ka makahiki 2010, ua hiki i nā ʻepekema meaʻai ke hoʻopau i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 20% o kekahi mau maʻi e hoʻomake ai i ka meaʻai i loko o 99,99 kekona ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plasma anuanu.

plasma anu he mea hoʻohalahala loa ia i haku ʻia me nā kiʻi, nā electrons manuahi a me nā ʻātoma a me nā molekala e hiki ke hoʻopau i nā microorganism. ʻO nā hopena i loko o ka plasma e hoʻoulu i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o ke kukui ultraviolet, e hōʻino ana i ka DNA microbial.

Hoʻohana i ka plasma anu

ʻO ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe (HPP) he kaʻina hana mīkini e hoʻokau nui i ka ʻai. Eia nō naʻe, mālama ʻo ia i kona ʻono a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻike ai ka poʻe ʻepekema he ala maikaʻi ia e hakakā ai i nā microorganism i nā meaʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā ʻiʻo, a me kekahi mau mea kanu. He manaʻo kahiko ka HPS. ʻO Bert Holmes Hite, he mea noiʻi mahiʻai, ua hōʻike mua i kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka makahiki 1899 ʻoiai e ʻimi ana i nā ala e hōʻemi ai i ka pala ʻana o ka waiū bipi. Eia nō naʻe, i kona wā, ʻo nā mea hoʻokomo i koi ʻia no nā mea kanu hydroelectric he paʻakikī a he pipiʻi ke kūkulu ʻana.

ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema pehea e hoʻopau ai ka HPP i ka bacteria a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻoiai e waiho ʻole ana i ka meaʻai. ʻIke lākou i kēia ʻano hoʻouka ʻana i nā paʻa kemika nāwaliwali i hiki ke koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana o nā enzyme bacteria a me nā protein ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa like, he palena ka hopena o ka HPP i nā paʻa covalent, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻia nā kemika e pili ana i ke kala, ka ʻono, a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai. A no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā paia o nā mea kanu ma mua o nā membrane o nā cell microbial, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.

Ka luku ʻana i nā ʻano microbial ma ke kaomi ʻana

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻano hana "pale". ʻO Lothar Leistner, nāna i hoʻohui i nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pepehi i nā pathogens e like me ka hiki.

me ka hoʻoponopono ʻōpala

Wahi a ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo ke ala maʻalahi loa e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, maikaʻi a ʻike ʻia ke kumu. ʻO nā kaulahao kūʻai nui e like me Walmart ma US a me Carrefour ma ʻEulopa e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana blockchain () i hui pū ʻia me nā mea ʻike a me nā code scanned e hoʻokele i ke kaʻina lawe, kumu a me ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai no kekahi manawa. Hiki i kēia mau ala ke kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana e hōʻemi i ka pau ʻana o ka meaʻai. Wahi a kahi hōʻike ʻo Boston Consulting Group (BCG), ma kahi o 1,6 biliona tons meaʻai e hoʻopau ʻia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a inā ʻaʻohe hana e pili ana i ia mea, hiki ke piʻi kēia helu i 2030 biliona i ka makahiki 2,1. Aia ka ʻōpala ma nā kaulahao waiwai: mai nā mea kanu. ka hana ʻana i ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana, a ma hope o ka puka hou ʻana ma ke ʻano nui ma ka pae hoʻohana hope. ʻO ka hakakā no ka palekana o ka meaʻai e alakaʻi maoli i ka hōʻemi ʻōpala. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hoʻolei ʻia ka meaʻai i hōʻino ʻole ʻia e nā microbes a me nā pathogens.

ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai i ka honua

ʻO nā ala kahiko a me nā ala hou e hakakā ai no ka meaʻai palekana

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela - aia kēia hui i nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia, no ka laʻana, pasteurization, i.e. ka luku ʻana i nā microbes a me nā protein. ʻO kā lākou hemahema ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ʻono a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai o nā huahana, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopau ka wela kiʻekiʻe i nā pathogens āpau.
• ʻO ka Irradiation kahi hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai e hōʻike i ka meaʻai i ka electron, x-ray a i ʻole nā ​​​​kukui gamma e hoʻopau ai i ka DNA, RNA a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana kemika ʻē aʻe e pōʻino i nā meaola. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia ka pollution. Nui nō hoʻi nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka nui o ka radiation e pono ai nā limahana meaʻai a me nā mea kūʻai aku e ʻai.
• ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe - ke kāohi nei kēia ʻano i ka hana ʻana o nā protein ʻino a i ʻole e hoʻopau i nā hale kelepona o nā microbes. He kūpono ia no nā huahana me ka wai haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole e hōʻino i nā huahana iā lākou iho. ʻO nā hemahema, ʻo ia ke kumukūʻai hoʻokomo kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke luku ʻia nā ʻiʻo meaʻai maʻalahi. ʻAʻole pepehi kēia ʻano hana i kekahi mau spores bacteria.
• ʻO Cold plasma kahi ʻenehana i hoʻomohala ʻia, ʻaʻole i wehewehe piha ʻia ke kumu. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā radical oxygen ikaika i kēia mau kaʻina hana, e luku ai i nā cell microbial.
• ʻO ka radiation UV kahi ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana e hoʻopau i ka DNA a me ka RNA o nā mea ola kino. Ua ʻike ʻia nā kukui ultraviolet Pulsed i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka microbial inactivation. ʻO nā hemahema: ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka ʻili o nā huahana i ka wā lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, a me nā hopohopo no ke olakino o nā limahana i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā kukui UV.
• ʻO ka Ozonation, kahi ʻano allotropic o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai a i ʻole ke kinoea, he mea bactericidal maikaʻi e hoʻopau i nā membrane cell a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o nā meaola. ʻO ka pōʻino, hiki i ka oxidation ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai. Eia hou,ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻomaluʻana i ka likeʻole o ka hana holoʻokoʻa.
• Oxidation me nā kemika (e laʻa, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, chlorine-based compounds) - hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana i ka ʻeke meaʻai, hoʻopau i nā membrane cell a me nā hana ʻē aʻe o nā mea ola. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻo ka maʻalahi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa o ke kau ʻana. E like me kekahi oxidation, pili pū kēia mau kaʻina hana i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka chlorine-based substances ke carcinogenic.
• ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hawewe lekiō a me nā microwave - ʻo ka hopena o nā hawewe lekiō i ka meaʻai ke kumuhana o nā hoʻokolohua mua, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana mua ʻia nā microwaves (mana kiʻekiʻe) i nā umu microwave. ʻO kēia mauʻano ma kekahiʻano he hui pūʻana o ka mālama wela a me ka irradiation. Inā kūleʻa, hiki i nā nalu lekiō a me nā microwaves ke hāʻawi i nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe a me nā ala hoʻomaʻemaʻe.