Nā pulu kalapona mai nā mea kanu

Ua hoʻololi hou ka carbon fiber i nā wahi he nui o ko mākou ola e like me ka ʻenekinia kīwila, ka mokulele a me ka ʻoihana koa. ʻElima manawa ʻoi aku ko lākou ikaika ma mua o ke kila a māmā loa. ʻO lākou hoʻi, ʻaʻole naʻe, ʻano pipiʻi. Ua hoʻomohala kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi ma ka National Renewable Energy Laboratory ma Colorado i kahi ʻenehana e hana ai i nā fila kalapona mai nā kumu hou. Mahalo i kēia, hiki ke hoʻemi nui i kā lākou kumukūʻai a ma ka manawa like e hoʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kinoea hoʻomehana honua.

Hōʻike ʻia nā fiber carbon e ka rigidity kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o kēia mau waiwai, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ke kūkulu ʻana, me nā makahiki he nui. nā mokulele, nā kaʻa haʻuki, a me nā paikikala a me nā racket tennis. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kaʻina o ka pyrolysis o nā polymers o ka petroleum kumu (ka nui polyacrylonitrile), aia i loko o nā hola he nui o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o nā fiber polymer i nā mahana a hiki i 3000 ℃, me ka ʻole o ka oxygen a ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopau loa kēia i ka fiber - ʻaʻohe mea i koe akā ke kalapona. Hoʻokumu nā ʻātoma o kēia mea i kahi ʻano hexagonal i kauoha ʻia (e like me ka graphite a i ʻole graphene), ʻo ia ke kuleana no nā waiwai kupaianaha o nā fiber carbon.

ʻAʻole hoʻolālā nā ʻAmelika e hoʻololi i ka pae pyrolysis ponoʻī. Akā, makemake lākou e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o kā lākou hana ʻana i kā lākou mea waiwai nui, polyacrylonitrile. Pono ka synthesis o kēia polymer i ka acrylonitrile, i hana ʻia i kēia manawa ma muli o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻaila ʻaila. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema Colorado e hoʻololi iā ia me ka ʻōpala mahiʻai organik. ʻO nā kō i lawe ʻia mai ia biomass e fermented e nā microorganism i koho ʻia a laila hoʻololi ʻia kā lākou huahana i acrylonitrile. Hoʻomau ka hana e like me ka mea maʻamau.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka hou i kēia kaʻina hana e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka lewa. E hoʻonui ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka polyacrylonitrile i ka mākeke, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa no nā fiber carbon e pili ana iā ia. Ke kali wale nei no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana o kēia ʻano.

kumu: popsci.com, kiʻi: upload.wikimedia.org