Kave Killers Vol. ʻekahi

Missile cruiser Moskva (Slava ma mua), ka hae o ka Black Sea Fleet o ka Russian Federation, i kēia manawa. ʻO nā ana o ka pūʻulu, a me nā "pāʻani" o ka Bazalt rocket launcher, hoʻohiwahiwa i ka poʻe loea ʻole, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea huna i kekahi i hoʻolālā ʻia ka moku a me kāna mau mea kaua no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole ma mua o nā mea hou. Me nā ʻōnaehana pale ea hou, ʻo ka Project 1164 cruisers a me kā lākou mea kaua nui i kēia lā he "tigers pepa".

ʻO nā pūʻali koa moana o ka Russian Federation i kēia manawa he aka o ka ikaika mua o ka Soviet Navy. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka ʻoihana hana moku a me nā mea hana o nā mea kaua moana, hiki iā Moscow ke hāʻawi i ka hana nui loa o nā corvettes, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO nā hoʻopaʻi hoʻokele waiwai, ʻoki ʻia mai nā cooperators a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaulahao lako mai nā repubalika Soviet mua - ʻo ka hapa nui o Ukraine, ka nalowale o ka ʻike o nā bureaus hoʻolālā, ka nele o nā hale kūʻai me ke kumu ʻenehana kūpono, a i ʻole, ʻo ka nele o ke kālā. ke koi aku nei i na luna o Kremlin e nana i keia mau moku nui o ka au i hala, e ola ana me ka kupanaha i keia manawa.

Ua neʻe aku nā moku moana o kēia wā mai nā moku holo moana. ʻOiai ua hoʻihoʻi ka US Navy i kekahi o nā ʻāpana Ticonderoga-class, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui ma mua o nā ʻano mea luku luku papa Arleigh Burke. Ua hiki ke helu 'ia kekahi mau mea luku nui o ka papa Zumwalt he 16 tona he mau moku holo moku, aole nae i hiki mai. Hoʻopaʻa wale kāna mau helu i ka thesis i ka napoʻo ʻana o nā pūʻulu kaua nui loa (ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea lawe mokulele, no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea).

I ka hihia o Rūsia, ka mea i mālama i obsolete wae o keia papa, ka nukelea-powered Project 1144 Orlan, a me ko lakou kinoea turbine counterparts me ka liʻiliʻi displacement, Project 1164 Atlant moku o ka like nui, maikai no ka moana hana a me ka hae lele. No laila, ke hoʻokō ʻia nei ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o "Admiral Nakhimov" (ex-Kalinin) e like me ka papahana 11442M, kahi i hana ʻia ma mua o kahi hana hou e pono ai no ka neʻe ʻana o ka hui ma kāna iho ... ʻOiaʻiʻo, nā hoʻolālā hou. o nā mea kaua a me nā mea uila, me kahi ʻōnaehana missile "media" 3K14 "Caliber-NK". Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā moku holo moku ʻekolu Project 1164 a, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana a mālama ʻana, e huki mau ana i ka manaʻo o nā hoa paio, akā no ka nui, ʻaʻole ko lākou waiwai hakakā maoli.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona i ka Navy o nā missile cruisers o ka Soviet Union, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā missiles anti-ship alakaʻi ʻia, ua pili pū me ka pono e hoʻokō pono i kekahi o kāna mau hana nui - ka pono e luku i nā mea lawe mokulele a me nā moku nui ʻē aʻe "ʻenemi kūpono. "ʻO ka wikiwiki i ka wā o ke kaua he huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka United States a me kāna mau hoa NATO.

ʻO kēia ka mea nui i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka waena o 50s i ka wā i kapa ʻia ai ʻo Nikita Khrushchev ke alakaʻi Soviet i nā mokulele mokulele ʻAmelika "nā kahua lele lele o ka huhū." No ka hiki ʻole i ka USSR, ma muli o kona nāwaliwali o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana, e hakakā iā lākou me ke kōkua o kāna mokulele ponoʻī, ua koho ʻia kahi pane asymmetric ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā missiles anti-moku moku lōʻihi a me ko lākou ʻili. a me nā mea lawe i lalo o ka wai.

ʻO ka Varyag (ʻo Krasnaya Ukraina ma mua) ke kiʻi nei i kahi missile anti-mole 4K80 P-500 Bazalt, ka mea kaua nui o nā "pepehi mokulele mokulele". Wahi a kekahi noiʻi, ua paʻa ka Wariaga me ka ʻōnaehana P-1000 Wulkan hou.

Soviet ala i ka missile cruiser

ʻO nā kūlana i luna aʻe, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana e ka Soviet military-political alakaʻi i nā hiki o nā mea kaua missile, ua alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomohala ikaika ʻia i ka USSR ma 50-60s. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā bureaus hoʻolālā hou a me nā ʻoihana hana, kahi i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻomohala i nā ʻōnaehana missile hou me kahi ākea ākea o nā noi, ʻo ia hoʻi, no ka VMU.

Koe no ka lako hou ma 1955 o ka artillery cruiser manao 68bis Admiral Nakhimov ma lalo o ka papahana 67EP i loko o ka ho'āʻo moku i hoʻolako 'ia me ka ho'āʻo launcher e hiki ai ia oe e hoʻolana i KSS missile mokulele, ka mua Soviet surface moku lawe anti-missile pale. - ʻo ka mea luku o ka papahana he mea kaua moku i alakaʻi ʻia e ka moku.56

Ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia moku ma 1958 i kahi missile ma lalo o ka papahana 56E, a laila 56EM, ma ka Shipyard i kapa ʻia ma hope. 61 Huina ma Nikolaev. I ka makahiki 1959, ua loaʻa i nā ʻauwaʻa ʻekolu mau mea luku missile, i kūkulu hou ʻia e like me kahi papahana 56M i hoʻololi iki ʻia.

E like me ka hihia o ka Bedovs, ʻo kā lākou mea kaua nui he mea hoʻokele rotary SM-59 (SM-59-1) me kahi truss rail no ke kī ʻana i nā missiles anti-ship 4K32 "Pike" (KSSzcz, "Ship projectile pike") R -1. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Strela a me kahi hale kūʻai no nā missiles ʻeono (i nā kūlana hakakā, hiki ke lawe ʻia ʻelua - hoʻokahi i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi hale kūʻai, ʻo kekahi ma kahi KP ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e ʻae ana i ka emi ʻana o ka palekana a me nā kūlana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā missiles no ka hoʻomaka ʻana) .

Ma hope o ke kauoha ʻana i ka makahiki 1960-1969 o ʻewalu mau mea luku nui Project 57bis, i kūkulu ʻia mai ka wā kahiko e like me nā mea lawe missile, me ʻelua mau mea hoʻolaha SM-59-1 a ʻelua ʻelua o ka mana missile o Project 56E / EM / 56M, ʻo ka Soviet Navy he 12 missile luku. (mai Mei 19, 1966 - nā moku missile nui) hiki ke hahau i nā ʻenemi nui ma waho o ka wahi o ka luku ʻana i kāna mau mea kaua ahi (ʻoiaʻiʻo, koe wale nō nā mokulele mokulele).

Eia naʻe, ma hope koke iho - ma muli o ka ʻelemakule wikiwiki o nā missiles KSSzcz (i ʻaiʻē ʻia mai nā hanana Kelemania i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II), haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke ahi, kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā missiles i kahi salvo, ka hoʻomanawanui hewa kiʻekiʻe o nā lako, etc. The 57bis series of ua hoopauia na moku. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana i ka USA a me nā ʻāina NATO o nā ʻōnaehana pale ea moku hou, me ka pale kaua missile, kahi KSSzch nui a kahiko, e koi ana i ka hoʻouka hou ʻana i ʻeiwa mau minuke o ka mea hoʻolaha a hoʻomākaukau iā ia no ke kī hou ʻana (pre-launch control. , hui ʻēheu, hoʻopiha piha ʻana, kau ʻana ma luna o ke alakaʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe d.), ʻaʻohe manawa kūpono e paʻi i kahi pahuhopu i nā kūlana hakakā.

ʻO kekahi moʻo o nā moku honua i hoʻolālā ʻia e hakakā i nā mea lawe mokulele ʻo Project 58 Grozny missile destroyers (mai Kepakemapa 29, 1962 - missile cruisers), i hoʻouka ʻia me ʻelua SM-70 P-35 anti-ship missiles quad launchers, i alakaʻi ʻia hoʻi e ka wai wahie turbojet engine. , akā hiki ke mālama i ka wā lōʻihi ma kahi kūlana wahie. ʻO ke poʻo kaua he 16 mau missiles, ʻewalu o ia mau mea i loko o nā mea hoʻolaha, a ʻo ke koena i nā hale kūʻai (ʻehā no kēlā me kēia launcher).

I ke kī ʻana i kahi salvo o ʻewalu R-35 missiles, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka paʻi ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi o lākou ma ka pahuhopu nui i ka pūʻulu o nā moku i hoʻouka ʻia (ka mokulele mokulele a i ʻole nā ​​​​moku waiwai ʻē aʻe). Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka nui o nā hemahema, e komo pū me nā mea kaua pale nāwaliwali o ka Project 58 cruisers, ua kaupalena ʻia ka moʻo i nā moku ʻehā (mai ka 16 i hoʻolālā mua ʻia).

ʻO nā ʻāpana o kēia mau ʻano a pau i loaʻa i hoʻokahi, akā he drawback kumu - liʻiliʻi loa ko lākou mana kūʻokoʻa no ka nānā lōʻihi ʻana o ka pūʻulu hoʻouka me kahi mea lawe mokulele i ka wā o kāna mākaʻikaʻi, ʻoiai inā pono e alakaʻi i kahi mokulele nuklea no kekahi. nā lā ma ka lālani e hana ana i ka hana hoʻi. . ʻOi aku kēia ma mua o ka hiki o nā moku missile like ʻole.

ʻO ka wahi nui o ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā ʻauwaʻa o ka USSR a me NATO i nā makahiki 60 ʻo ia ke Kai Mediterranean, kahi i hana ai ka 14th Operational Squadron o ka VMP (Mediterranean) mai Iulai 1967, 5, nona nā moku 70-80 mai waena o nā moku. nā moku o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, nā ʻauwaʻa Baltic a me ka ʻĀkau. ʻO kēia mau mea, ma kahi o 30 mau moku kaua: 4-5 nuklea submarines a hiki i 10 diesel-electric submarines, 1-2 mau pūʻulu moku moku (i ka wā o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūlana a ʻoi aku paha), kahi hui trawl, ʻo ke koena no nā pūʻali palekana. (hale hana, pahu pahu, moku huki moana, etc.) .

Ua hoʻokomo ka US Navy i ka 6th Fleet i ke Kai Mediterranean, i hana ʻia i Iune 1948. I ka makahiki 70-80. he 30-40 mau moku kaua: elua moku lawe mokulele, he helikopa, elua mau moku holo moku, 18-20 mau moku ukali, 1-2 mau moku hoolako honua a hiki aku i eono mau submarine. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi pūʻulu hoʻouka kaua ma ka ʻāina ʻo Naples, a ʻo kekahi ma Haifa. Inā pono, ua hoʻoneʻe nā ʻAmelika i nā moku mai nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻē aʻe i ke Kaiwaenahonua. Ma waho aʻe o lākou, aia kekahi mau moku kaua (me nā mea lawe mokulele a me nā submarines nuklea), a me nā mokulele ʻāina mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o NATO, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Great Britain, Farani, Italia, Greece, Turkey, Germany a me Netherlands. e hana ikaika ana ma keia wahi.