He paʻakikī me ka umekaumaha, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ʻole
ʻIke ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, "hoʻohuli" i ka umekaumaha ma luna o kahi mokulele mokulele e hele ana ma waho he mea ʻoluʻolu loa. Koe naʻe ʻaneʻane ʻane wehewehe ʻole nā mea hana i ka hana ʻana. I kekahi manawa, e like me ka makahiki 2001: A Space Odyssey (1) a i ʻole nā mea holo hou aku, ua hōʻike ʻia e pono ke hoʻololi ʻia ka moku e hoʻohālike i ka umekaumaha.
Hiki i kekahi ke nīnau me ka hoʻonāukiuki - no ke aha e pono ai ka ʻumekaumaha ma luna o kahi mokulele? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi me ka ʻole o ka umekaumaha, ʻuʻuku ka luhi o nā kānaka, ʻaʻohe kaumaha o nā mea i lawe ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hana he nui.
ʻIke ʻia naʻe, ʻo kēia hoʻoikaika ʻana, pili me ka lanakila mau ʻana o ka umekaumaha, he mea pono loa ia no mākou a me ko mākou kino. ʻAʻohe umekaumahaUa ʻike lōʻihi ʻia nā Astronauts e ʻike i ka nalowale o ka iwi a me ka ʻiʻo. ʻO nā Astronauts ma ka ISS hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hakakā me ka nawaliwali o ka ʻiʻo a me ka nalo ʻana o ka iwi, akā nalo mau ka iwi i ka lewa. Pono lākou e loaʻa i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau hola o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lā e mālama ai i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo a me ke olakino cardiovascular. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole wale kēia mau mea, pili pono i ka ukana ma ke kino, e hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka nele o ka gravity. Aia nā pilikia me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike, dehydrated ke kino. A ʻo ka hoʻomaka wale nō kēia o nā pilikia.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi, ke maʻalahi nei. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mau mea pale ke hana i kā lākou hana a make ke koko ʻulaʻula. Hoʻokumu ia i nā pōhaku kīkī a hoʻonāwaliwali i ka puʻuwai. Ua nānā kekahi pūʻulu ʻepekema mai Rūsia a me Kanada i nā hopena o nā makahiki i hala microgravity ma ka haku mele 'ana i loko o ke koko samples o umikumamawalu Russian cosmonauts i noho ma ka International Space Station no ka hapalua makahiki. Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ke kaumaha ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana pale e like me ka wā i loaʻa ai ke kino, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻike ke kino kanaka i ka mea e hana ai a hoʻāʻo e hoʻāla i nā ʻōnaehana pale āpau.
Loaʻa i ka ikaika centrifugal
No laila ua ʻike maopopo mākou i kēlā ʻaʻohe umekaumaha ʻaʻole maikaʻi, ʻaʻole pilikia i ke olakino. A pehea? ʻAʻole wale nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, akā ʻike pū nā mea noiʻi i kahi manawa i loko ikaika centrifugal. E lokomaikaʻi nā ikaika inertia, ho'ohālike ia i ka hana o ka umekaumaha, e hana pono ana ma ke ala e kū'ē ana i ke kikowaena o ke ki'i inertial.
Ua noiʻi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana no nā makahiki he nui. Ma ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Lawrence Young i kahi centrifuge, kahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kahi hihiʻo mai ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni 2001: A Space Odyssey. Moe ka poʻe ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao ma luna o ke kahua, e hoʻokuke ana i ke ʻano inertial e kahuli.
No ka mea, ʻike mākou hiki i ka ikaika centrifugal ke hoʻololi i ka ʻumekaumaha, no ke aha lā mākou e kūkulu ʻole ai i nā moku i kēia huli? ʻAe, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā mea āpau, no ka mea, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēlā mau moku ma mua o nā mea a mākou e kūkulu nei, a ʻo kēlā me kēia kilokani hou o ka nui i lawe ʻia i loko o ka lewa ke kumukūʻai nui.
E noʻonoʻo, no ka laʻana, ka International Space Station ma ke ʻano he pae no ka hoʻohālikelike a me nā loiloi. Ua like ia me ka nui o kahi kahua pōpeku, akā he hapa wale nō ka nui o ka hale noho.
Hoʻohālike i ka umekaumaha I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻokokoke i ka ikaika centrifugal ma nā ala ʻelua. A i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale kaʻawale kēlā me kēia mea, e hana ana i nā ʻōnaehana liʻiliʻi, akā, e like me ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe loea, hiki paha kēia ma muli o nā manaʻo ʻoluʻolu ʻole no nā astronauts, hiki iā lākou, no ka laʻana, ʻokoʻa ka ʻumekaumaha ma kou mau wāwae ma mua o kou kino luna. Ma kahi mana nui, e hoʻololi ka ISS holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa, e like me ke apo (2). I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i ia ʻano hale e manaʻo ʻia he kumukūʻai nui a ʻike ʻole ʻia.
2. ʻIke o ke apo orbital e hāʻawi ana i ka umekaumaha hana
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau manaʻo ʻē aʻe. no ka laʻana, ke hana nei kekahi pūʻulu ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o Colorado ma Boulder i kahi hoʻonā me ka liʻiliʻi o ka makemake. Ma kahi o ke ana ʻana i ka "kaumaha hou," ke kālele nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka nele o ka umekaumaha ma ka lewa.
E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e nā mea noiʻi ʻo Boulder, hiki i nā astronauts ke kolo i loko o nā keʻena kūikawā no kekahi mau hola i ka lā e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka gravity i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e hoʻoponopono ai i nā pilikia olakino. Hoʻonoho ʻia nā kumuhana ma luna o kahi paepae metala e like me ka trolley halemai (3). Kapa ʻia kēia he centrifuge e hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki like ʻole. ʻO ka velocity angular i hana ʻia e ka centrifuge e hoʻokuke i nā wāwae o ke kanaka i ke kumu o ka paepae, me he mea lā e kū ana lākou ma lalo o ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī.
3. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hāmeʻa ma ke Kulanui o Boulder.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, pili pono kēia ʻano hoʻoikaika kino me ka nausea. Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe noiʻi e ʻike inā ʻo ka nausea he kumu kūʻai kūʻai maoli e pili ana me ia. umekaumaha hana. Hiki i nā astronauts ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ko lākou kino e mākaukau no nā pūʻali G hou? I ka pau ʻana o ka ʻumi kau o ka poʻe manawaleʻa, ua wili nā mea a pau i ka wikiwiki ma kahi o ʻumikūmāhiku mau kipi i kēlā me kēia minuke me ka ʻole o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, nausea, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Aia nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe no ka gravity ma luna o ka moku. ʻO kēia mau mea, no ka laʻana, ka Canadian Type System Design (LBNP), ka mea nāna i hana i ka ballast a puni ka pūhaka o ke kanaka, e hana ana i ke kaumaha o ke kino haʻahaʻa. Akā, lawa anei i ke kanaka ke pale aku i nā hopena o ka lele mokulele, nā mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ke olakino? ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole pololei kēia.
