Triple V, he alanui wiliwili i na moku kai o ka US Navy
Bonita ma Charlestown Navy Yard ma Bosetona i ka makahiki 1927 Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ke kino māmā i welded. Photo Boston Public Library, Leslie Jones Collection
He ʻumi makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka USS Holland (SS 1), ka moku moana mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua kau ʻia i ka hae, kahi manaʻo wiwo ʻole no nā submarines hiki ke hana pili me ka navy i puka mai i nā pōʻai moana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā moku liʻiliʻi pale kai e kūkulu ʻia ana i kēlā manawa, ʻo kēia mau ʻauwaʻa moku i manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea kaua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laulā, a ma luna o nā mea a pau, hiki i ka wikiwiki o ka 21 knots i hiki ke hoʻokele. me nā moku kaua a me nā moku holo moku.
I ka huina, ua kūkulu ʻia nā moku 6 e like me kēia manaʻo ma USA. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e poina koke i nā ʻāpana T-type mua ʻekolu, i kūkulu ʻia i nā kūlana ma mua o ke Kaua Honua I. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā moku ʻekolu V-1, V-2 a me V-3 i makemake nui iā mākou, ʻoiai he nui nā hemahema, ua lilo ia i mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kaua o lalo o ʻAmelika.
Hoʻomaka paʻakikī
Ua hana ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi mua o nā submarine o ka ʻauwaʻa ma Ianuali 1912. Ua hōʻike lākou i nā moku me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻili ma kahi o 1000 tons, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me 4 bow torpedo tubes a me 5000 nautical mile. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka wikiwiki loa, i ka iʻa a i lalo i lalo, he 21 knots! ʻO kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka pae ʻenehana o ka manawa, akā ua kaulana ka ʻike o nā ʻauwaʻa i nā submarines wikiwiki a me nā mea kaua nui a i ka hāʻule o ia makahiki ua hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i nā pāʻani hoʻolālā makahiki ma ke Naval War College ma Newport. . (Rhode Island). He mea paipai nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia mai nā aʻo ʻana. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā submarine i manaʻo ʻia, me ke kōkua ʻana o nā minefields a me nā torpedoes, hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i nā pūʻali koa o ka ʻenemi ma mua o ke kaua. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli mai lalo mai o ka wai i koi aku i nā luna e hana me ka akahele, me. ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mamao ma waena o nā moku, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua paʻakikī ke kau ʻana i ke ahi o kekahi mau ʻāpana ma kahi pahu hoʻokahi. Ua hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o hoʻokahi torpedo i ku i ka laina me kahi moku kaua i hoʻemi i ka mana o ka hui holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kai. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ua waiho ʻia ka ʻatikala e hiki ai i nā submarine ke hoʻopau i nā pono o nā mea holo moku i ka wā o ke kaua moana.
Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua manaʻo ka poʻe hauʻoli hou e hiki i nā submarine wikiwiki ke lawe i nā hana reconnaissance o nā pūʻali nui, i mālama mua ʻia no nā moku holo māmā (scouts), ʻo ia ka US Navy e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO nā hopena o nā "manuver pepa" i koi ai i ka US Navy General Board e hoʻokau i nā hana hou aku ma ka manaʻo o ka moku moana. Ma muli o ka noiʻi ʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka moku kūpono e hiki mai ana me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ili ma kahi o 1000 tf, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me 4 launchers a me 8 torpedoes, a me ka holo ʻana o 2000 nm i ka wikiwiki o 14 knots crystallized. he 20, 25 a i ʻole 30 ʻīniha paha! ʻO kēia mau pahuhopu koʻikoʻi - ʻoi aku ka mea hope loa, i hoʻokō ʻia he 50 mau makahiki ma hope mai - ua hui ʻia me ka nui o ka kānalua mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana e ka ʻoihana ʻenekinia Navy, ʻoiai ʻo nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko i hiki ke hiki i 16 kenimika a i ʻole.
E like me ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka manaʻo o ka submarine holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa e kau ana i ke koena, ua hiki mai ke kōkua mai ka ʻoihana pilikino. I ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1913, ua hāʻawi mai ʻo Lawrence Y. Speer (1870–1950), ka haku haku o ka hale moku ʻo Electric Boat Company ma Groton, Connecticut, i ʻelua mau hoʻolālā kiʻi. He mau ʻāpana nui kēia, e hoʻoneʻe ana i ʻelua mau moku ma mua o ka US Navy submarines a ʻelua ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai. ʻOiai ka nui o nā kānalua e pili ana i nā hoʻoholo hoʻolālā i hana ʻia e Spear a me ka pilikia holoʻokoʻa o ka papahana holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka wikiwiki 20 knot i hōʻoia ʻia e ka Electric Boat ma ka ʻili "kūʻai aku i ka papahana". I ka makahiki 1915, ua ʻae ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o ka prototype e ka ʻaha kūkā, a i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke koa o ke kaua Sepania-ʻAmelika, ʻo Winfield Scott Schley (ma hope ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa i AA-52, a laila i T-1). . I ka makahiki 1, ua hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana ma nā ʻāpana māhoe ʻelua, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo AA-1917 (SS 2) a me AA-60 (SS 3), ma hope i kapa ʻia ʻo T-61 a me T-2.
Pono e ʻōlelo i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kēia mau moku ʻekolu, i kapa ʻia i nā makahiki ma hope aku i kapa ʻia ʻo T-shaped, no ka mea, ʻo kēia mau moku poina he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka ambition, ʻaʻole hiki. ʻO ka hoʻolālā hull spindle 82 m ka lōʻihi a me 7 m ākea me ka neʻe ʻana o 1106 tons ma ka ʻili a me 1487 tons ma ke kiʻi. Aia i loko o ke kakaka he 4 mau paipu torpedo o 450 mm caliber, 4 mau mea hou aʻe i hoʻonoho ʻia i waena o nā moku ma 2 mau kumu hoʻololi. ʻO nā mea kaua pū me ʻelua mau pūkuniahi 2mm L/76 ma nā turrets huna ʻia ma lalo o ka papa. Ua māhele ʻia ka pahu paʻakikī i 23 mau ʻāpana. Ua noho ka hale ha'uki nui i ka hapa liona o kona leo. ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻili e hoʻolako ʻia e kahi ʻōnaehana māhoe-screw, kahi i hoʻohuli pololei ʻia kēlā me kēia pahu kaʻa e nā ʻenekini diesel 5-cylinder (ma tandem) me ka mana o 6 hp kēlā me kēia. kēlā me kēia. Ua haʻahaʻa ka manaʻolana no ka wikiwiki a me ka laulā ma lalo o ka wai. ʻElua mau kaʻa uila me ka nui o 1000 hp hoʻohana ʻia e ka uila mai 1350 mau keena i hui pū ʻia i ʻelua mau pihi. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ai ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki ma lalo o ka wai no ka manawa pōkole a hiki i nā knots 120. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā pila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini hana diesel hou.
