Ua loaʻa pono nā wahie i nā kaʻa kaʻa?
Nā mea
A hiki i kēia manawa, loaʻa wale ka ʻenehana wahie no nā noi ʻaʻole kālepa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia, no ka laʻana, i nā mokulele mokulele, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai nui o ka hana ʻana i ka 1 kW o ka ikehu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kāna hoʻohana ʻana ma kahi ʻano nui. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia e William Grove, ua loaʻa ka hoʻohana ākea. E heluhelu e pili ana i ka hydrogen cell a ʻike inā hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku i kahi kaʻa me kēlā pūʻulu mana!
He aha ka pahu wahie?
He hoʻonohonoho ia o ʻelua electrodes (anode maikaʻi ʻole a me ka cathode maikaʻi) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi membrane polymer. Pono nā pūnaewele e hana i ka uila mai ka wahie i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo, ʻaʻole e like me nā pūnaewele pākahi maʻamau, ʻaʻole pono lākou e hoʻolako ʻia me ka uila ma mua, a ʻaʻole pono ka pahu wahie i ka hoʻouka ʻana. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wahie, aia i loko o nā mea i kūkākūkā ʻia me ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen.
Nā Hui Pūnaehana - Hoʻolālā Pūnaewele
Pono nā kaʻa wahie i nā pahu hydrogen. No lākou mai kēia mea e komo ai i nā electrodes, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka uila. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka ʻōnaehana me kahi kikowaena kikowaena me kahi mea hoʻololi. Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke au pololei i ke au ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohana i ka mana uila. ʻO ia ka puʻuwai o ke kaʻa, e huki ana i kona mana mai nā ʻāpana o kēia manawa.
ʻO nā wahie a me ke kumu o ka hana
No ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka uila, pono ka hopena kemika. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hāʻawi ʻia nā molekole hydrogen a me ka oxygen mai ka lewa i nā electrodes. ʻO ka hydrogen i hāʻawi ʻia i ka anode ke kumu o ka hana ʻana o nā electrons a me nā protons. Komo ka oxygen mai ka lewa i ka cathode a hoʻopili me nā electrons. Hāʻawi ka membrane polymer semi-permeable i nā proton hydrogen maikaʻi i ka cathode. Ma laila lākou e hui pū ai me nā anion o nā oxides, ka hopena i ka hana ʻana o ka wai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hele nā electrons i ka anode ma ke kaapuni uila e hana i ka uila.
Huina wahie - noi
Ma waho o ka ʻoihana kaʻa, he nui nā noi o ka wahie. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he uila ma nā wahi me ka ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana i ka mains. Eia kekahi, hana maikaʻi nā pūnaewele o kēia ʻano i nā submarine a i ʻole nā kikowaena kikowaena kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke ea lewa. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nā pūniu wahie i nā robots mobile, nā mea hana hale a me nā ʻōnaehana mana pilikia.
ʻO nā wahie - nā pono a me nā pōʻino o ka ʻenehana
He aha nā mea maikaʻi o ka pahu wahie? Hāʻawi ia i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe me ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni. Hoʻopuka ka hopena i ka uila a me ka wai (ma ke ʻano he mahu). Eia kekahi, i nā kūlana ulia pōpilikia, no ka laʻana, i ka wā o ka pahū ʻana a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i kahi pahu, ʻo ka hydrogen, ma muli o kona nui liʻiliʻi, pakele i ka vertical a wela i kahi kolamu haiki o ke ahi. Ka wahie keena no hoi ku mai i loko o ka pono e like me ka mea e hoʻokō i nā hualoaʻa ma ka 40-60%. He pae hiki ʻole kēia no nā keʻena puhi ahi, a e hoʻomanaʻo kākou e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana.
ʻO ka hydrogen element a me kona mau hemahema
I kēia manawa he mau ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā hemahema o kēia hoʻonā. ʻO ka hydrogen ka mea nui loa ma ka Honua, akā hana ia i nā pūhui me nā mea ʻē aʻe maʻalahi loa. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe a koi i kahi kaʻina hana ʻenehana kūikawā. A ʻo kēia (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i kēia manawa) he pipiʻi loa. I ka wā e hiki mai ai i ka hydrogen wahie cell, ke kumu kūʻai, ka mea pōʻino,ʻaʻole e paipai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele 1 kilomika a 5-6 mau manawa ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ke kaʻa uila. ʻO ka pilikia ʻelua, ʻo ia ka nele o nā ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hydrogen.
Nā kaʻa wahie - nā laʻana
Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā kaʻa, eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e holo kūleʻa ana i nā wahie. ʻO kekahi o nā kaʻa wahie kaulana loa ʻo Toyota Mirai. He mīkini kēia me nā pahu me ka nui o ka 140 liters. Ua lako ʻia me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e mālama i ka ikehu i ka wā hoʻokele leʻaleʻa. Ua ʻōlelo ka mea hana e hiki i kēia hiʻohiʻona Toyota ke hele i 700 mau kilomita ma hoʻokahi pahu kinoea. He 182 hp ka mana o Mirai.
ʻO nā kaʻa pahu wahie ʻē aʻe e pono ai e hoʻohua i ka uila:
- Lexus LF-FC;
- Honda FCX Clarity;
- ʻO Nissan X-Trail FCV (kaʻa kaʻa wahie);
- ʻO Toyota FCHV (kaʻa kaʻa huila wahie);
- wahie cell Hyundai ix35;
- Kaʻa kaʻa uila ʻo Ursus City Smile.
Hiki i ka hydrogen cell ke hōʻoia iā ia iho i ka ʻoihana kaʻa? ʻAʻole hou ka ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i ka uila mai nā wahie. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī ke hoʻolaha ʻia ma waena o nā kaʻa kaʻa me ka ʻole o ke kaʻina hana ʻenehana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hydrogen maʻemaʻe. ʻOiai ke kūʻai aku nei nā kaʻa kaʻa wahie i ka lehulehu, e lohi ana paha lākou ma hope o ke kumukūʻai no ka mea hoʻokele maʻamau. No laila, ʻike ʻia nā kaʻa uila maʻamau ka mea hoihoi loa.
