Nā ʻano hōʻailona alanui ma 2022 i nā kiʻi

'Ae 'ia ka National Highway Codes i ka ho'ohana 'ana i kekahi mau haneli hō'ailona alanui, he 'ano like 'ole i ke kumu, koi, wahi, kino, a me nā kala i ho'ohana 'ia. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i nā hōʻailona alanui me nā wehewehe ʻana, nona nā ʻano he 8, i hui pū ʻia e ka hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o waho.

 

 

Nā kānāwai kaʻa kaʻa ma nā hōʻailona alanui

ʻO kahi hōʻailona alanui he kiʻi hoʻokahi a i ʻole palapala ma kahi ʻano loea e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana o ke alanui ma ke alanui ākea. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mea hoʻokele a me nā mea hoʻohana alanui ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kahi kokoke a i ʻole kahi o kahi mea hana alanui, hoʻololi i ke ʻano kaʻa, a i ʻole e haʻi i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kuhikuhi ʻāina. Hoʻohana ʻia kā lākou mau mea like ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i kau inoa i ka Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Hāʻawi ʻia nā wehewehe ʻana o nā hōʻailona alanui āpau ma Appendix 1 i nā Rules of the Road of the Russian Federation.

Ka Mana Hoʻohui

Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā nui āpau o nā hōʻailona alanui a me nā lula hoʻonohonoho e nā kūlana aupuni o kēia manawa GOST R 52289-2004 a me GOST R 52290-2004. No nā hōʻailona hou i kūkulu ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻae ʻia kahi GOST R 58398-2019 hou.

Kūlike nā kūlana i nā wahi e hoʻokomo ai i nā hōʻailona. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi o lākou ma mua, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe - pololei i mua o ka mea a i ʻole ke ʻano hoʻololi.

Hiki ke okoa ka wahi e pili ana i ke alanui. No ka laʻana, aia nā māka ala ma luna o ke alanui. Aia ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke alanui e pili ana i ke kaʻa.

i hoʻopuka

Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā hōʻailona o nā ʻano like ʻole ma ka lāʻau hoʻokahi, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka helu ʻana: nā hōʻailona mua, a laila nā hōʻailona hōʻailona, ​​​​a laila nā hōʻailona kuhikuhi a me nā kuhikuhi kūikawā, a laila nā hōʻailona pāpā. ʻO nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi liʻiliʻi ka ʻike a me nā hōʻailona lawelawe, i kau ʻia ma kahi kūpono a haʻahaʻa paha.

Māhele o nā hōʻailona alanui

Ma Rusia, e like me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hōʻoia i ka Vienna Convention on Road Signs, ua māhele ʻia nā hōʻailona alanui āpau i 8 mau ʻāpana.

1. Hoʻolaha

ʻO ke kumu o nā hōʻailona hōʻailona e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea hoʻokele e hoʻokokoke ana lākou i kahi e pōʻino ai ke kaʻa, nā mea hoʻohana alanui a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hele wāwae. Pono ka mea hoʻokele e noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻike a hana i nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka palekana alanui. No ka laʻana, e hoʻolohi, e mākaukau e hele i kahi kū piha, a i ʻole e nānā pono i ke ala. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole i nā koi o ia mau hōʻailona - hoʻolaha wale lākou i nā mea hoʻokele a ʻaʻole pāpā i nā maneuvers.

ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona maʻamau he triangular ke ʻano me ka palena ʻulaʻula. He keʻokeʻo ke kumu nui a he ʻeleʻele nā ​​kiʻi. ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa ka mea e hōʻike ana e pili ana i ka pae pae a kuhikuhi i ke ala o ka huli.

2. Papa ana

Hōʻike nā hōʻailona pāpā i ka pāpā loa ʻana i kekahi maneuver - hoʻokuʻi, kū, huli, huli i kahi, hele, etc. ʻO ka uhaki ʻana i nā koi o kēia mau hōʻailona he uhaki i nā lula kaʻa a hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ka uku. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hōʻailona e hoʻopau i kahi pāpā i kau mua ʻia ma kēia hui.

ʻO nā hōʻailona āpau o kēia hui he ʻano poepoe, a he keʻokeʻo ke kala nui. He palena ʻulaʻula nā hōʻailona kapu, a he palena ʻeleʻele nā ​​hōʻailona kapu. ʻO nā kala i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kiʻi he ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, a me ka uliuli.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hōʻailona o kēia pūʻulu i mua o nā ʻāpana a me nā huli ʻana, a inā pono, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 25 m i loko o nā hale noho a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 50 m ma waho o nā hale noho. Hoʻopau ka pāpā ʻana i ka mana ma hope o ka hōʻailona kūpono a i ʻole ke kuʻina.

3. Nā hōʻailona mua

Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana o nā hui i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia, nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana o nā alanui me ka lawa ʻole o ka laulā. Hoʻopili kēia i nā hōʻailona "hāʻawi me ka mea nui", "alanui nui", etc.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hōʻailona o kēia ʻano mai ka hoʻolālā kiʻi maʻamau - hiki ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano, a ʻo nā kala i hoʻohana ʻia he ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, uliuli a melemele. Hoʻokomo koke ʻia nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ala nui, puka, interchange, intersection. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hōʻailona "End o ke alanui nui" i mua o ka hopena o ke ala nui.

4. Kauoha

Hōʻike nā hōʻailona kuhikuhi i ke kuleana e hana i kahi maneuver, e like me ka huli ʻana a i ʻole ke kalaiwa pololei i mua. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i kēia koi ua manaʻo ʻia he uhaki kaʻa a hiki ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ka uku.

Hōʻailona pū ʻia nā ala paikikala a me nā mea hele wāwae me kēia mau hōʻailona. Ma kēia ʻaoʻao, ʻae ʻia ka poʻe hele wāwae a i ʻole kaʻa kaʻa e neʻe.

ʻO nā hōʻailona i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he pōʻai me ke ʻano polū. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻo ka "Direction of Dangerous Goods", nona ke ʻano rectangular.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hōʻailona mandatory ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻāpana e koi ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka maneuver. Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena e ka hōʻailona pili me kahi ʻulaʻula. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, pau ka hōʻailona ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana a i ʻole, inā ʻoe e kaʻa ma ke alanui aupuni, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoholo.

5. Nā hōʻailona o nā hoʻoponopono kūikawā

Hoʻoponopono lākou i ka hoʻokomo ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lula kaʻa kūikawā. ʻO kā lākou hana he hui pū ʻana o nā hōʻailona ʻae a me ka ʻike e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻohana alanui e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa kūikawā a hōʻike i ka ʻae ʻia o nā hana. Aia kēia pūʻulu i nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i nā alaloa, nā ala hele wāwae, nā wahi kaʻa lehulehu, nā hale noho, nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā wahi hele wāwae, ka hoʻomaka a me ka hopena o kahi wahi noho, etc.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole ʻāpana ʻāpana, ʻo ka uliuli maʻamau. ʻO nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i nā puka a me nā puka i waho he kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He keʻokeʻo ko nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ke komo ʻana/puka i nā wahi kaʻa kaʻa kūikawā.

6. ʻIkepili

Hōʻike nā hōʻailona ʻike i nā mea hoʻohana alanui e pili ana i kahi o nā wahi noho, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā lula hoʻokele koi a i ʻōlelo ʻia. Hōʻike kēia ʻano hōʻailona i nā mea hoʻokele a me nā mea hele wāwae e pili ana i kahi o nā ala hele wāwae, nā alanui, nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale, nā wahi kaʻa kaʻa, nā muliwai, nā hale hōʻikeʻike, nā hōkele, etc.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻike ma ke ʻano o nā rectangles a me nā ʻāpana me kahi ʻulaʻula uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a keʻokeʻo paha. No nā hōʻailona ʻike pōkole, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano melemele.

7. Nā māka lawelawe

ʻO nā hōʻailona lawelawe no ka ʻike wale nō a ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo kuhikuhi no nā mea hoʻohana alanui. ʻO kā lākou manaʻo e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea hoʻokele a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hele wāwae e pili ana i kahi o nā wahi lawelawe e like me nā halemai, nā keʻena kinoea, nā kelepona lehulehu, nā holoi kaʻa, nā keʻena kinoea, nā wahi leʻaleʻa, etc.

ʻO nā hōʻailona lawelawe ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana polū, i loko o kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo me kahi kiʻi a i ʻole kahi palapala i kākau ʻia. Ma nā kūlana kūlanakauhale, aia nā hōʻailona lawelawe ma kahi kokoke i ka mea; ma nā alanui kuaʻāina, aia lākou ma kahi lōʻihi o nā haneli mau mika a i ʻumi mau kilomita mai ka mea ponoʻī. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻike hou e hōʻike i ka mamao pololei.

8. Nā hōʻailona me ka ʻike hou aku (nā papa)

Hoʻohana pū ʻia me ke ʻano nui. ʻO ke kumu o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻo ia ke kaupalena a wehewehe paha i ka hōʻailona alanui nui. Loaʻa paha iā lākou ka ʻike hou aʻe i koʻikoʻi i nā mea hoʻohana alanui.

Aia nā hōʻailona ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa he huinahā. Hana ʻia nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​palapala ma nā hōʻailona i ka ʻeleʻele. Aia ka hapa nui o nā hōʻailona o ka ʻike hou aku ma lalo o ka hōʻailona nui. Iʻole e hoʻonui i ka mea hoʻokele me kaʻike,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ma mua oʻelua mau hōʻailona me ka hōʻailona nui i ka manawa like.

Pākaukau ʻano

ʻAno	Ka koho	Puka	examples
Ke kuleana	Hāʻawi i ka mea nui ma nā huina, nā pōʻai a me nā wahi pilikia ʻē aʻe	Hiki ke ʻano like ʻole, hoʻohana i ka palena ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha	"E hāʻawi ala", "alanui nui", "ʻaʻohe kū".
Nā hōʻailona hōʻeuʻeu	'Ōlelo no ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i kahi ʻāpana pōʻino o ke alanui	He huinakolu keʻokeʻo me ka palena ʻulaʻula, koe naʻe nā kuhikuhi kuhikuhi a me nā pae pae	"Steep Descent", "Steep Hill", "Slippery Road", "Wild Animals", "Roadwork", "Children".
Pāpā	E pāpā i kahi maneuver kiko'ī, e hōʻike pū i ke kāpae ʻana i ka pāpā	He ʻano poepoe, me ka palena ʻulaʻula e hōʻike ai i ka pāpā, me ka palena ʻeleʻele e hōʻike i ka hāpai ʻana o ka pāpā.	"ʻAʻole komo", "ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻa ʻia", "Ka palena kaumaha", "ʻAʻole huli", "ʻAʻole kaʻa", "E hoʻopau i nā palena āpau".
Kūmua	Manaʻo no ka hana maʻamau	ʻO ka maʻamau he pōʻai uliuli, akā hiki ke koho ʻia nā koho rectangular	"Straight", "Roundabout", "Sidewalk".
Hoʻolako Kūikawā	Hoʻokumu a hoʻopau paha i nā ʻano kaʻa kaʻa	Nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo, uliuli a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha	"Ala Kūʻokoʻa", "End of Freeway", "Tram Stop", "Artificial Potholes", "End of Pedestrian Zone".
ike	Hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā wahi noho a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, a me nā palena wikiwiki.	He ʻāpana ʻehā a ʻehā paha, uliuli, keʻokeʻo a melemele paha.	"Inoa mea", "Underpass", "Blind spot", "Aka mamao", "Stop line".
Nā hōʻailona lawelawe	Hoʻolaha e pili ana i kahi o nā mea lawelawe	He ʻāpana ʻāpana polū me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo i kākau ʻia.	"Telephone", "Hospital", "Police", "Hotel", "Road Post", "Gas Station".
hou ike	E wehewehe i ka ʻike i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou aku i nā mea hoʻohana alanui	He ʻano papa lākou me ke kāʻei keʻokeʻo a me ka kikokikona ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi.	"Ka poʻe hele wāwae makapō", "Kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa hana", "Ka manawa hana", "Mahele hana", "Ka lōʻihi o ke kahua".

Nā hōʻailona hou

I ka makahiki 2019, ua apono ʻia kahi kūlana aupuni hou GOST R 58398-2019, kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā hōʻailona alanui hoʻokolohua hou. I kēia manawa, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea hoʻokele i nā hōʻailona hou, no ka laʻana, i ka pāpā ʻana i ke komo ʻana i kahi kuʻuna i ka hihia o ke kaʻa kaʻa, ka hana hou ʻana i nā hōʻailona "waffle". E loaʻa pū kekahi mau hōʻailona hou o nā laina i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā kaʻa lehulehu, nā kaha ala hou, etc.

ʻAʻole nā ​​mea hoʻokele wale nō, akā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea hele wāwae i nā hōʻailona hou. No ka laʻana, hōʻike nā hōʻailona 5.19.3d a me 5.19.4d i nā ala hele wāwae diagonal.

E nānā

E loli pū ka nui liʻiliʻi o nā hōʻailona. Mai kēia manawa, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ko lākou nui ma mua o 40 cm e 40 cm, a i kekahi mau manawa - 35 cm e 35 cm ʻAʻole e pale nā ​​hōʻailona liʻiliʻi i ka ʻike o nā mea hoʻokele a e hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ala nui ʻole a me nā kūlanakauhale kaulana. mau wahi.

Pehea e hoʻāʻo ai iā ʻoe iho no ka ʻike o nā hōʻailona

No ka hele ʻana i ka hoʻokolokolo, pono e ʻike nā haumāna o nā kula kaʻa ʻo Moscow i nā hōʻailona alanui āpau. Eia nō naʻe, pono nā mea hoʻokele akamai e ʻike i nā hōʻailona alanui maʻamau. He kakaikahi ka nui o lākou, no ka laʻana, hiki ke loaʻa ka hōʻailona "Low-flying aircraft" ma nā wahi mokulele. Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka "Falling Rocks" a i ʻole "Wildlife" e nā mea hoʻokele i hele ʻole i waho o ke kūlanakauhale.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hoʻokele akamai e hoʻāʻo iā lākou iho i ka ʻike o nā ʻano hōʻailona alanui, nā hōʻailona kūikawā a me nā hopena o kā lākou mālama ʻole ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana pēlā me nā tikiki hōʻailona alanui pūnaewele hou loa i 2022.