Supercapacitors - super a hiki i ka ultra
ʻO ka pilikia o ka pono pākaukau, ka wikiwiki, ka hiki a me ka palekana ke lilo nei i hoʻokahi o nā pilikia nui o ka honua. Ma ke ʻano o ka underdevelopment ma kēia wahi e hoʻoweliweli i ka stagnate ko mākou ʻenehana āpau.
Ua kākau hou mākou e pili ana i ka pahū ʻana i nā pā lithium-ion i nā kelepona. ʻO kā lākou hiki ʻole a me ka hoʻopiʻi lohi ʻana ua hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ʻo Elon Musk a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa uila ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi. Ua lohe mākou e pili ana i nā ʻano hou like ʻole ma kēia wahi no nā makahiki he nui, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kahi holomua e hāʻawi i kahi mea maikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi manawa i kēia manawa ua nui ka kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā pākaukau me nā capacitors wikiwiki, a i ʻole kā lākou "super".
No ke aha i manaʻolana ʻole ai nā capacitors maʻamau i kahi holomua? He maʻalahi ka pane. He 4. kilowatt-hola o ka ikehu ka kilo o ka ʻaila. ʻO ka pākaukau i loko o ke kumu hoʻohālike Tesla he 30 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu. He 0,1 kWh wale nō ka kilokani o ka capacitor mass. ʻAʻole pono e wehewehe i ke kumu ʻaʻole kūpono nā capacitors maʻamau no kahi hana hou. ʻO ka capacitance o kahi pākahi lithium-ion hou e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haneli he nui.
ʻO kahi supercapacitor a i ʻole ultracapacitor kahi ʻano o ka capacitor electrolytic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā capacitors electrolytic maʻamau, he capacitance uila kiʻekiʻe loa (ma ke kauoha o nā tausani farads), me ka volta hana o 2-3 V. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui loa o nā supercapacitors pōkole loa a me ka hoʻokuʻu manawa hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻopaʻa ikehu ʻē aʻe (e laʻa me nā ʻaʻa). ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka lako mana i 10 kW no ka kilo o ka paona capacitor.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ultracapacitors i loaʻa ma ka mākeke.
Nā mea i loaʻa i loko o nā hale hana
ʻO nā mahina i hala iho nei ua lawe mai i ka ʻike he nui e pili ana i nā prototypes supercapacitor hou. I ka hopena o 2016, ua aʻo mākou, no ka laʻana, ua hana kahi hui ʻepekema mai ke Kulanui o Central Florida. kaʻina hana hou no ka hana ʻana i nā supercapacitors, mālama i ka ikehu hou aʻe ma mua o 30 XNUMX. hoʻopaʻa / hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Inā mākou e hoʻololi i nā pila me kēia mau supercapacitors, ʻaʻole wale mākou e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ke kelepona i kekona, akā lawa ia no hoʻokahi pule o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ua haʻi ʻo Nitin Chowdhary, he lālā o ka hui noiʻi. . Hoʻokumu nā kānaka ʻepekema Florida i nā supercapacitors mai nā miliona o nā microwires i uhi ʻia me kahi mea ʻelua-dimensional. ʻO nā kaula o ke kaula he mau alakaʻi uila maikaʻi loa ia, e ʻae ai i ka hoʻouka wikiwiki ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka capacitor, a ʻo nā mea ʻelua-dimensional e uhi ana iā lākou e hiki ai ke mālama i ka nui o ka ikehu.
ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema mai ke Kulanui o Tehran ma Iran, ka mea nāna i hana i nā hale keleawe porous i loko o nā hoʻonā ammonia ma ke ʻano he mea electrode, pili i kahi manaʻo like. ʻO ka poʻe Pelekania, ke koho nei i nā gels e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā leka pili. Ua lawe kekahi i nā polymers i ka hale hana. ʻAʻole pau ka noiʻi a me nā manaʻo a puni ka honua.
Nā kānaka ʻepekema i komo i loko papahana ELECTROGRAPH (Graphene-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications), kālā ʻia e ka EU, ke hana nei i ka hana nui o nā mea electrode graphene a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrolytes wai ionic pili i ka lumi. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema kēlā E pani ka graphene i ke kalapona i ho'ā (AC) hoʻohana ʻia i nā electrodes o nā supercapacitors.
Ua hana nā mea noiʻi i nā graphite oxides ma ʻaneʻi, hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i mau ʻāpana o ka graphene, a laila hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana i kahi supercapacitor. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā electrodes e pili ana i ka AC, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka graphene electrodes i nā waiwai adhesive a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.
E kau ana i na ohua - ke kau nei ka tram
Ke hana nei nā kikowaena noiʻi i ka noiʻi a me ka prototyping, a ua hoʻokomo ka poʻe Kina i nā supercapacitors. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Zhuzhou, ka moku ʻo Hunan, i wehe koke aku nei i ka tram mua i hana ʻia e Kina i hoʻohana ʻia e nā supercapacitors (2), ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi laina ma luna. Hoʻohana ʻia ka tram e nā pantograph i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā wahi kū. He 30 kekona paha ka uku piha, no laila e hana ʻia i ka wā e kau ana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea kaʻa. ʻAe kēia i ke kaʻa e hele i 3-5 km me ka ʻole o ka mana o waho, ʻo ia ka lawa e hiki ai i kahi kū aʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻihoʻi ia i ka 85% o ka ikehu i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai.
ʻO nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana pono i nā supercapacitors he nui - mai nā ʻōnaehana ikehu, nā wahie wahie, nā pūnaewele lā i nā kaʻa uila. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka manaʻo o nā loea i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā supercapacitors i nā kaʻa uila hybrid. Hoʻopiʻi kahi pūnaeau wahie diaphragm polymer i kahi supercapacitor, a laila mālama i ka ikehu uila i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohana i ka ʻenekini. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pōʻai wikiwiki o ka SC e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka mana kiʻekiʻe i koi ʻia o ka pahu wahie, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana like ʻole.
Me he mea lā aia mākou ma ka paepae o ka supercapacitor revolution. Hōʻike ka ʻike, akā naʻe, pono ke kāohi ʻana i ka nui o ka hoihoi i ʻole e huikau a ʻaʻole waiho ʻia me kahi pākaukau kahiko i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma kou mau lima.
