Su-30MKI

ʻO Su-30MKI i kēia manawa ke ʻano nui loa a me ke ʻano nui o nā mokulele kaua o ka Indian Air Force. Ua kūʻai ka poʻe India mai Rūsia a hāʻawi i ka laikini he 272 Su-30MKI.

E hōʻailona ana ʻo Kepakemapa i 18 mau makahiki mai ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka Air Force India i nā mea kaua Su-30MKI mua. I kēlā manawa, ua lilo ka Su-30MKI i mea ākea a nui loa o nā mokulele kaua India a, ʻoiai ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea hakakā ʻē aʻe (LCA Tejas, Dassault Rafale), e mālama ʻia kēia kūlana no ka liʻiliʻi he ʻumi makahiki. Ua hoʻoikaika ka papahana kūʻai laikini a me ka hana ʻana no ka Su-30MKI i ka hui pūʻali koa-ʻoihana o India me Russia a ua pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia i nā ʻoihana mokulele India a me Lūkini.

Ma ka waena o 80s, ma ka Design Bureau. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo P. O. Sukhoya (Experimental Design Bureau [OKB] P. O. Sukhoi) i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi ʻano hoʻouka kaua ʻelua noho o ka mea kaua Soviet Su-27 i kēlā manawa, i manaʻo ʻia no ka lele ʻana o ka National Air Defense Forces (Air Defense). 'O ka lua o ka 'auwa'a i mana'o 'ia e hana i nā hana a ka mea ho'okele a me ka mea ho'okele o ka 'ōnaehana mea kaua, a inā pono (no ka la'ana, i ka wā lō'ihi o nā mokulele) hiki nō iā ia ke ho'okele i ka mokulele, a laila e ho'ololi i ka mea ho'okele mua. No ka mea he kakaikahi loa ka ʻoihana o nā wahi alakaʻi kaua ma ka ʻāina ʻākau o ka Soviet Union, ma kahi o ka hana nui o kahi interceptor lōʻihi, pono nō ka mokulele hou e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he ea mokulele (PU). wahi no nā mea kaua Su-27 pae hoʻokahi. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e hoʻolako ʻia me kahi laina hoʻololi data tactical, kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai ka ʻike e pili ana i nā pahuhopu ea i ʻike ʻia i ka manawa like a hiki i ʻehā mau mea kaua Su-27 (no laila ka inoa o ka hale hana o ka mokulele 10-4PU hou).

Su-30K (SB010) mai No. 24 Squadron Hawks i ka wā hoʻomaʻamaʻa Cope India ma 2004. I ka makahiki 1996 a me 1998, ua kūʻai ka poʻe India i 18 Su-30K. Ua lawe ʻia ka mokulele mai ka lawelawe ʻana i ka makahiki 2006 a ua pani ʻia i ka makahiki aʻe e 16 Su-30MKI.

ʻO ke kumu no ka mea hakakā hou, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo Su-27PU, a laila ʻo ka Su-30 (T-10PU; NATO code: Flanker-C), ʻo ia ka mana hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua ʻelua noho o ka Su-27UB. ʻElua mau prototypes (nā mea hōʻike) o ka Su-27PU i kūkulu ʻia ma 1987-1988. ma ka Irkutsk Aviation Plant (IAZ) ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻelima a me ke ono o nā prototypes Su-27UB (T-10U-5 a me T-10U-6). ; ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o T-10PU-5 a me T-10PU-6; helu aoao 05 a me 06). ʻO ka mea mua i lawe ʻia ma ka hopena o 1988, a ʻo ka lua - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1989. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mokulele Su-27 noho hoʻokahi, e hoʻonui i ka laulā lele, ua lako lākou me kahi moena refueling retractable (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. o ke alo o ka fuselage), he ʻōnaehana hoʻokele hou, kahi hoʻololi ʻikepili module a me nā ʻōnaehana alakaʻi a me nā mea kaua i hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO ka H001 Sword radar a me nā ʻenekini Saturn AL-31F (kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe 76,2 kN me ka afterburner a me 122,6 kN me ka afterburner) i like me ka Su-27.

Ma hope mai, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Irkutsk Aviation Production Association (Irkutsk Aviation Production Association, IAPO; ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa IAP ma ʻApelila 21, 1989) i kūkulu ʻia i ʻelua mau Su-30s mua (nā helu huelo 596 a me 597). ʻO ka mua o lākou i haʻalele i ka lā 14 ʻApelila, 1992. Ua hele lāua ʻelua i ka Flight Research Institute. M. M. Gromova (Lotno-Research Institute i kapa ʻia ma muli o M. M. Gromova, LII) ma Zhukovsky kokoke i Moscow a i ʻAukake i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka lehulehu ma nā hōʻikeʻike Mosaeroshow-92. I ka makahiki 1993-1996, ua hoʻopuka ʻo IAPO i ʻeono mau pūʻali Su-30 (hua huelo 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 a me 56). ʻElima o lākou (koe wale ke kope No. 56) i komo i loko o nā lako o ka 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (54. Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, GIAP) mai ka 148th Center for Combat Use and Training of Flight Personnel (148. Center for Combat). Ka hoʻohana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lele ʻana o nā limahana lele c) CBP a me PLS) mokulele pale lewa ma Savasleyk.

Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Soviet Union, ua wehe hou ka Russian Federation i ka honua a me ka launa pū ʻana o ka honua, e komo pū ana i ke kahua o nā mea kaua. Ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka hoʻolimalima pale, ʻaʻole i kauoha ka mokulele Lūkini i kēlā manawa i nā Su-30 hou aʻe. No laila, ua ʻae ʻia ka mokulele e kūʻai aku ma waho. ʻO nā kaʻa No. 56 a me 596, i kēlā me kēia, i Malaki a me Kepakemapa 1993, ua waiho ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka Sukhodzha Design Bureau. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻike no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka Su-30K (Kommercheky; T-10PK), i ʻokoʻa mai ka Russian Su-30 ka nui o nā lako a me nā mea kaua. ʻO ka hope, me ka helu huelo hou 603, ua hōʻike mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1994 ma nā hōʻike lewa FIDAE a me nā hōʻikeʻike ma Santiago de Chile, ka ILA ma Berlin a me ka Farnborough International Air Show. ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai ua puka hou ʻo ia ma Berlin a me Farnborough, a ma 1998 ma Chile. E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ua hoihoi nui ʻia ka Su-30K mai nā mea nānā ʻē aʻe, nā mea loiloi a me nā mea hoʻohana.

Nā ʻaelike India

ʻO ka ʻāina mua i hōʻike i ka makemake e kūʻai i ka Su-30K ʻo India. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻolālā ka poʻe India e kūʻai i 20 kope ma Rūsia a me ka laikini laikini o 60 kope ma India. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā kamaʻilio Lūkini me India i ʻApelila 1994 i ke kipa ʻana o kahi ʻelele Lūkini i Delhi a hoʻomau ʻia no ʻelua makahiki. I loko o ia mau mea, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e lilo kēia mau mokulele i kahi ʻano hoʻomaikaʻi a hou ʻia o ka Su-30MK (modernized commercial; T-10PMK). I Iulai 1995, ua ʻae ka Pāremata ʻĀina i ka hoʻolālā o ke aupuni e kūʻai i nā mokulele Lūkini. ʻO ka hope loa, ma ka lā 30 o Nowemapa, 1996, ma Irkutsk, ua kau inoa nā ʻelele o ke Kuhina Kūʻai ʻo India a me ka mokuʻāina ʻo Rūsia e paʻa ana iā Rosvooruzhenie (ma hope ʻo Rosoboronexport) i ka ʻaelike No. Su-535611031077K a me 1,462 Su- 40MK.

Inā ʻokoʻa ka Su-30K mai ka Russian Su-30 wale nō i kekahi mau mea o ka avionics a ua unuhi ʻia e ka poʻe India ma ke ʻano he kaʻa hoʻololi, a laila ʻo ka Su-30MK - i kona ʻano hope i koho ʻia ʻo Su-30MKI (Indian; NATO. code: Flanker -H) - loaʻa iā lākou kahi airframe i hoʻololi ʻia, nā mea kanu mana a me nā avionics, kahi ākea ākea o nā mea kaua. ʻO kēia nā mokulele kaua 4+ mau hana piha piha i hiki ke hoʻokō i kahi ākea ākea o ka ea-i-ea, ea-i- honua a me ka ea-i-wai.

Ma lalo o ka ʻaelike, ʻewalu mau Su-30K, i koho ʻia ʻo Su-30MK-I (ma kēia hihia, ʻo ia ka helu Roma 1, ʻaʻole ka leka I), e hāʻawi ʻia i ʻApelila-Mei 1997 a hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hui hoʻomaʻamaʻa. a me ka lawelawe ʻenehana limahana. I ka makahiki aʻe, e hāʻawi ʻia ka pūʻulu mua o ʻewalu Su-30MK (Su-30MK-II), ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha ʻia akā ua lako me nā avionics Farani a me Israel. I ka makahiki 1999, e hāʻawi ʻia kahi pūʻulu lua o 12 Su-30MKs (Su-30MK-IIIs), me kahi mokulele i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia me kahi hui huelo i mua. ʻO ke kolu o ka pūʻulu o 12 Su-30MKs (Su-30MK-IVs) e hāʻawi ʻia i ka makahiki 2000. Ma waho aʻe o nā fins, e loaʻa i kēia mau mokulele nā ​​ʻenekini AL-31FP me nā nozzles neʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi e hōʻike i ke kūlana MKI hana hope loa. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻonui i ka mokulele Su-30MK-II a me III i IV standard (MKI).