Kaua Soviet-Finnish

ʻO kekahi o 30 Sturmgeschütz 40 (StG III Ausf. G) i hāʻawi ʻia i Finland i Iulai-Sepatemaba 1943. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mīkini ʻumi i hana ʻia e Altmärkische Kettenwerk GmbH (Alkett) mai Berlin; Ua kūkulu ʻia he ʻumikūmāiwa e MIAG mai Braunschweig a ʻo kekahi e MAN mai Nuremberg. ʻO ka kaʻa i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi i hoʻopau i kahi pahu ahi T-19 a me hoʻokahi pū ISU-34 i hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma mua o ka luku ʻia ʻana i Iulai 152. ʻO nā kaʻa a pau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i ka makahiki 1944 i ka makahiki 29, lawelawe ʻia ma ka Finnish Panzer Division (Panssaridivisioona), i loko o kahi kaʻa brigade armored (Panssariprikaati), i kā lākou squadron o nā pū hoʻouka kaua (Rynnäkkötykkipataljoona).

Ua makemake ʻo Finland e pale i ke kaua, akā i ka pūnāwai o 1941 ua loaʻa ʻo ia i kahi kūlana paʻakikī loa. Hoʻopuni ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau e nā ʻenemi: mai ka hikina a me ka hema - e ka Soviet Union, mai ke komohana - e ka poʻe Kelemania i noho ʻo Norewai, a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ke kahakai Baltic - mai ka noho ʻana o Denmark ma kona ʻāina ponoʻī a i ke kahakai Polani i noho ʻia. . ʻO kēia pōʻai pōʻino pū kekahi me Sweden, nāna e hoʻolako iā Kelemania me nā mea maka, inā ʻaʻole ...

Ua hoʻokō ʻo Sweden i ka noho kūʻokoʻa, akā ʻaʻole ʻo Finland. Hopu ʻia e ka USSR, ua kaua ʻo ia i kahi kaua palena - i kaupalena ʻia i ka ʻāina i nalowale i ke kaua hoʻoilo o 1939-1940. ʻO Finland i ka makahiki 1941 hoʻokahi wale nō pahuhopu: e ola. Ua ʻike maopopo nā luna o ka ʻāina he paʻakikī loa kēia i ke kūlana i loaʻa iā Finland. Eia kekahi, ma waena o Iune 15 a me 21, 1940, ua komo ka Red Army i nā mokuʻāina Baltic ʻekolu a ma hope koke iho ua hoʻokomo ʻo Lithuania, Latvia a me Estonia i ka Soviet Union. ʻO Finland a me Suedena wale nō i noho i loko o nā pahu pahu Kelemania-Soviet, akā ʻo Finland wale nō ka palena me ka USSR a he lōʻihi loa - ʻoi aku ma mua o 1200 km. Ua emi ka pilikia o Suedena: pono e lanakila mua ka Soviet Union i Finland e hiki ai i laila.

Ma hope koke iho o ka hopu ʻia ʻana o nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic, ua hoʻomaka hou ke kaomi Soviet ma Finland. ʻO ka mea mua, ua noi ʻia ka ʻāina e hoʻoneʻe i nā waiwai hoʻoneʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ke kahua kaua o Hanko ma ke komo ʻana i ke kahawai ʻo Finland, kahi i hopu ai ka USSR no 10 mau makahiki ma muli o ke Kaua Hoʻoilo. Ua ʻae ʻo Finland i kēia mea. Ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi koi ʻē aʻe - ka demilitarization o nā mokupuni ʻo Åland ma ke komo ʻana i ke Kaiwa o Bothnia, aia ma waena o Finnish Turku a me Swedish Stockholm. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo Finland i ka hoʻohana ʻana (a i ʻole Soviet holoʻokoʻa) o nā waihona nickel a me kahi mea kanu nickel ma Kolosjoki, i kēia manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kauhale ʻo Nikel, mai ke kahakai o ka Moana Arctic ma ke kahakai ʻākau o Finland. ma ke noi a ka USSR ma Ianuali 29, 1941. ka neʻe kūʻokoʻa ʻana o nā kaʻaahi Soviet mai Leningrad (St. Petersburg i kēia manawa) a hiki i Hanko, kahi i hoʻolimalima ʻia ai kahi kahua kaua moana i hoʻolimalima ʻia e Rūkini kekahi o nā kūlana e ālai ana i ke komo ʻana i ke kahawai ʻo Finland. Hiki i nā kaʻa Soviet ke neʻe maʻalahi ma ka pūnaewele Finnish, no ka mea, aia nō kahi ākea ākea o Finland, 1524 mm (ma Polani a me ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa - 1435 mm).

ʻO ia mau hana a ka USSR i hoʻohuli ʻole ʻia iā Finland i loko o nā lima o ka Third Reich, ʻoiai ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻāina i hiki ke hāʻawi i ke kōkua pūʻali koa maoli iā Finland inā he kaua hou me ka Soviet Union. Ma kēia kūlana, ua haʻi aku ke Kuhina o ko nā ʻāina ʻē ʻo Rolf Witting i ka ʻelele Kelemania i Helsinki, ʻo Wipert von Blücher, ua wehe ʻia ʻo Finland e hui pū me Kelemania. Mai hoʻohewa wale iā Finland - ʻaʻohe ona koho ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole, manaʻo ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu Finnish e kōkua paha ʻo Kelemania i ko lākou ʻāina e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā ʻāina nalowale. ʻO Kelemania, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, makemake ʻo Finland e hui malū me lākou, akā mālama i ka neutrality - i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia ke kaua me ka USSR, no laila ʻaʻole lākou makemake e hāʻawi i nā manaʻolana wahaheʻe. ʻO ka lua, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Operation Barbarossa i ka hopena o ke kauwela o 1940, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻonui i nā palena o ka ʻāina i kahakai o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo a hoʻihoʻi i nā palena ma Karelia a me ka ʻāina ʻo Ladoga Lake i noho ma mua o ke Kaua Hoʻoilo. Ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i kēia pilikia me ka ʻole o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me Finland, ʻaʻole i ʻike i kēia mau hoʻolālā.

Ma ka lā 17 o ʻAukake, 1940, ua hui ʻo Lieutenant Colonel Josef Veltjens me ka Luna Nui o nā Pūʻali Finnish - Marshal Gustav Mannerheim - a hāʻawi i nā mana loio mai Hermann Goering, me ka hāʻawi ʻana iā Finland me kahi noi: makemake ʻo Kelemania e lawe i nā lako no nā pūʻali koa. ʻO Norewai ma Finland a hōʻoia i ko lākou hoʻololi ʻana i nā pūʻali koa Norewai, a ma ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai aku iā Finland i nā lako kaua e pono ai. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka mea hiki ke hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo maoli, hele ʻo Finland i ka ʻaelike pili. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike ka Soviet Union i ka hopohopo koke i kēia huli o nā hanana. Ma ka la 2 o Okatoba, 1940, ua koi aku ke Kuhina o ko na aina e, Vyacheslav Molotov, mai ka Emepera Kelemania i ka kikokikona piha o ke kuikahi i kakauinoa me na mea pili a pau, me na mea huna. Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka poʻe Kelemania i ka pilikia, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana he kuʻikahi ʻenehana maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o ka politika a i ʻole ka pūʻali koa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke kūʻai aku nei i nā mea kaua i Finland i waho o ka nīnau.

Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa kekahi ʻo kēia ʻaelike a me ka launa hou ʻana me Kelemania i hoʻonāukiuki i ka USSR e hoʻouka iā Finland ma Iune 25, 1941. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea nui paha, ʻo ia ke ala ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻo Marshal Mannerheim i ka manaʻo like ma kāna mau ʻōlelo. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia inā ʻaʻole no ka launa pū ʻana me Kelemania, a laila i ka hāʻule o 1940 ua hoʻouka ka USSR iā Finland. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Finland ma hope o Romanian Bessarabia a me Northern Bukovina a me nā mokuʻāina Baltic. I ke koena o ka makahiki 1940, ua makemake ʻo Finland i kekahi ʻano hōʻoiaʻiʻo mai Kelemania i ka wā e hoʻouka ʻia ai kekahi Soviet. No keia mea, ua hele pinepine aku o Mekia Generala Paavo Talvela i Berelina, me ke kukakuka pu ana me na luna aupuni like ole, me ka Luna Nui o na Luna Nui, Konela K. Franz Halder.