koʻu paʻakai "Bochnia"

I ka makahiki 1248, ua ʻeli ʻia ka paʻakai ma Bochnia. ʻO ka lua paʻakai ʻo Bochnia ka mea kanu kahiko loa ma Polani kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka ʻeli paʻakai pōhaku. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka waihona Bochnia ma kahi o 20 miliona mau makahiki i hala i ka wā Miocene, i ka wā i uhi ʻia ai ka ʻāina o Bochnia i kēia lā e kahi kai pāpaʻu a mehana. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waihona paʻakai ke ʻano o kahi aniani ʻaʻole i kū ma ka ʻaoʻao latitudinal ma ke koʻi hikina-komohana. He 4 km paha kona lōʻihi, akā he aha kona hohonu? mai 50 a 500 mika. He haiki anei? ʻelua a ʻelua haneli mika. Ma nā papa luna, aia ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, kokoke i ka vertically, aia wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao waena i ka hema ma kahi kihi o 30-40 °, a laila haiki? a nalo loa.

ʻO ka hana maina, aia ma kahi hohonu o 70 a 289 m, uhi ʻia ma kahi o 60 km o nā hale kiʻi a me nā keʻena. Hoʻonui lākou ma kahi o 3,5 km ma kahi axis hikina-komohana a loaʻa iā lākou ka laulā kiʻekiʻe o 250 m ma kahi axis akau-hema. Aia nā hana palekana ma nā pae ʻeiwa: I? Danilovets, II? Sobieski, III? Vernier, IV? ʻAukake, V? Lobkowicz, VI? Senkevich, VII? Beg-Stanetti, VIII? Scaffold, IX? Golukhovsky.

ʻO koʻu paʻakai? Barela? ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai kahiko loa ma Polani, e hana mau ana mai ka waena o XNUMX a hiki i ke kenekulia XNUMX (ua ʻike ʻia ka paʻakai paʻakai ma Polani ma Bochnia i mau makahiki ma mua o Wieliczka). ʻO Sutoris Mine, ka lua paʻakai ikaika loa ma Polani, mai ka waena o ke kenekulia ʻumikumamākolu. ʻO nā mines paʻakai ma Bochnia a me Wieliczka ka waiwai mau o ka mōʻī a ua loaʻa ka waiwai nui mai ka manawa o Kazimierz a i nā kenekulia i hala.

Ma hope o ʻewalu mau kenekulia o ka hana ʻana, ua like ka mine me kahi kūlanakauhale ma lalo o ka honua, mahalo ʻia me nā hana ʻokoʻa, nā hale pule i kālai ʻia i loko o nā pōhaku paʻakai, a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kumu a me nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kenekulia i hala. Hiki ke kipa ʻia ʻaʻole ma ka wāwae wale nō, akā ma lalo o ka metro a me nā moku. ʻO ka maina he monument makaʻu ʻole o ka ʻenehana. No ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻike poina ʻole, a no ka mea kālaihonua a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ʻo ka maina kahi mea waiwai nui o ka noiʻi.

ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻokele honua i hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻokoʻa o kēia wahi. ʻO nā mea waiwai kūikawā nā hana i loko o ka ʻāpana mōʻaukala o ka lua paʻakai Bochnia, e hoʻonui ana mai ka mine Trinitatis, ma hope o ka lua Danielovec mua, a i ka mina Goluchovska, ma nā pae ʻeono ma ka lua ʻo Campi a ma nā pae ʻeiwa ma ka mine Sutoris. ʻO kēia nā moʻolelo kahiko loa o nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth, i ola a hiki i kēia lā i ke kūlana maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana e hoʻopaʻa i ka lāʻau me kahi ʻōnaehana o nā pahu, nā ʻāpana lāʻau, nā fantoons a me nā pou paʻakai, i hana ʻia mai ka wā mai. ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ma waena o nā mea nani loa a me nā mea ʻokoʻa loa he mau hana kuʻuna, nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo intramine shafts and furnaces, i.e. nā hana.

Ma waena o nā keʻena, kū ke keʻena ʻo Vazhyn (ua ʻeli ʻia ka paʻakai ma ʻaneʻi mai 1697 a hiki i 50s, no ka mea he nui nā waihona i kēia wahi), aia ma kahi hohonu o 250 mau mika. ʻO 255 ​​m kona lōʻihi, ʻo ka laulā kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 15 m, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 7 mika. ʻAʻohe kākoʻo o kēia loko nui a nani. ʻO ke kaupaku a me nā paia me nā ʻāpana o ka paʻakai a me ka anhydrite, e hana ana i kahi kāhiko kūlohelohe, nānā nani. Ma luna o ke keʻena ʻoniʻoni o ke keʻena, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi lāʻau ʻo Ernest i ka makahiki XNUMX, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he kumu hoʻohālike o ka hopena o ke kaomi ʻana i ka pōhaku ma luna o ka papa lāʻau o nā keʻena a me nā keʻena. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke keʻena ʻo Vazhyn, aia kahi komo i ke keʻa ʻo Mann, mai ka makahiki XNUMXth, me nā ʻāpana i mālama ʻia o ka hana lima o ka waihona (nā ʻāpana o nā mea i kapa ʻia nā flaps a me nā hana cavernous).

ʻO ke keʻena ʻo Vazhinskaya kahi microclimate kikoʻī i hōʻike ʻia e ka mahana mau (14-16 ° C), ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka ionization o ka ea maʻemaʻe i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka sodium chloride a me nā microelements waiwai. magnesium, manganese a me ka calcium. ʻO kēia mau waiwai kikoʻī, i hoʻonui ʻia e kahi ʻōnaehana ventila maikaʻi, kūpono ia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻōpū hanu a loaʻa iā ia nā mea ho'ōla i nā maʻi he nui (chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis a me laryngitis, nā maʻi hou o ka ʻōpū hanu kiʻekiʻe), a me nā anti- mea ma'i, antibacterial a me antifungal. Mai ka makahiki 1993, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke keʻena e nā maʻi i kēlā me kēia lā (inhalation a hoʻomaha).

I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka poʻe malihini kipa me ka ʻenehana mining kahiko a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka spatial o ka mine, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ʻekolu mau mea halihali hoihoi a ʻo kahi kope nui o ka palapala ʻāina o nā ʻeli a pau o ka lua ʻo Bochna, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu o ke kenekulia XNUMX. hana ʻia. Aia ma ka pae o Sienkiewicz he huila holo no ka huki ʻana i ka brine, a ma ke keʻena ʻo Rabshtyn, i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka makahiki XNUMX, ua kau ʻia kahi ala holo lio ʻehā no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mine, i ʻike ʻia he slot. ʻO ka mea mahalo i ka pahu lāʻau kumu o ke kāmela o ia manawa. Aia ma luna o ka wili ma kahi kokoke i Vazhinsky Val he ʻano ʻano Saxon nui me kekahi mau mea hoʻolālā kumu.

Puna: National Heritage Institute.