Hoemi a me ka holo ana o ka manawa. ʻO ka mīkini e koho ai i ʻole e lilo ke kālā

I ke ao kaʻa o kēia lā, ʻo nā ʻenekini ʻaila turbocharged me ka mana haʻahaʻa he ʻano o nā kaʻa papa nui. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka mahalo i ka turbocharger, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻohana wahie. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e nānā mākou i kahi koho o nā subcompact powertrains e nānā ai i ka wā e ʻimi ai i kahi kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia nou iho, a me nā mea i pale ʻia.

Manaʻo ʻia nā ʻenekini:

1.2 ʻenehana maʻemaʻe (PSA)

ʻO kēia mīkini ka laʻana maikaʻi loa o ka hiki ʻana o ka downsizing i ka lima me ka uptime. Hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea hoʻohana a me nā mīkini i kēia hoʻolālā no ka lōʻihi ma luna o ka awelika a me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa wahie. He maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka moʻomeheu hana, ʻoiai ka hoʻolālā ʻekolu-cylinder. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻenekini ma kahi ʻano like ʻole 130 hp, a me nā ʻano like ʻole 110 hp, 75 hp. a me 82 hp

Loaʻa nā mana nāwaliwali i ka intake manifold injection a ʻaʻohe turbocharger, no kekahi mau mea hoʻohana e lilo i mea pono maoli. Ua komo nā mana kūlohelohe kūlohelohe i ka mākeke ma 2012, a me nā turbocharged i 2014. He liʻiliʻi ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa, hoʻemi ʻia ka friction kūloko a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha ʻelua. Ke hopohopo nei kekahi mau hewa, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi kāʻei kōkua a me kahi crankshaft leaky. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻenekini, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma ka Peugeot 308 II a i ʻole Citroen C4 Cactus.

1.0 MPI/TSI EA211 (Volkswagen)

He papahana kēia mai ka ʻohana ʻenekini i kaha ʻia me ke code EA211. Loaʻa i ka ʻāpana he 3 cylinders a loaʻa nō hoʻi i kahi mana kūlohelohe kūlohelohe (MPI). I ka holo manawa, ua hoʻohana ka mea hana i ke kāʻei ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi (kahaha) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hoʻolālā kaulahao kahiko (EA111). Hiki ke loaʻa kahi ʻenekini me ka turbocharger, no ka laʻana, ma ka VW Polo, Seat Ibiza a i ʻole Skoda Fabia. Ua ʻike ʻia ma ka mākeke ma 2011 a hoʻomohala i ka mana mai 60 a 75 hp. Aia kona dynamics ma kahi pae ʻae ʻia.

Wahi a nā mea hoʻohana ʻo kēia ka mīkini kūpono no ka hele ʻana a puni ke kūlanakauhale. Ma ke alanui, ʻaʻole lawa paha ka mana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā e hopu ai. Ua hōʻike aku nā mīkini i nā pilikia me ka pauma hoʻoluʻu no ka mea hiki ke pau i ka wā mua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he pilikia maʻamau. He kūlana kaulana ka ʻenekini no ka lōʻihi. Ua hana ʻia ka ʻenekini Supercharged 1.0 (TSI) mai ka makahiki 2014 a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma Volkswagen Group compact class models e like me Audi A3, VW Golf a me Skoda Octavia a i ʻole Rapid (mai 2017). ʻO kēia ʻenekini turbocharged petrol he kumu kūpono a hoʻokele waiwai e hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ka noʻonoʻo maʻemaʻe.

1.4 TSI EA211 (Volkswagen)

ʻO nā ʻenekini i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, i koho ʻia ʻo EA211, loaʻa pū kekahi ʻenekini 1.4L. ʻO ka engine i pololei injection a me ka turbocharger, a ma kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole he cylinder deactivation ʻōnaehana e hōʻemi i ka awelika wahie hoʻohana. Ua hoʻololi pū ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana 1.4 TSI ma ka hale hana CNG.

E nānā pū: laikini kaʻa. Māhele B a me ka huki trailer

Wahi a ka mechanics, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o ka kaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo nā kumukūʻai no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana aia i loko o nā palena kūpono. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hōʻike nā mea hoʻohana i nā hana hewa koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka drive ma ka Seat Leon III a i ʻole VW Golf VII.

Honda 1.2 / 1.3 l (Honda)

Ke nānā nei i nā pānaʻi kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia, he mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona Honda me kahi ʻenekini 1.2 a i ʻole 1.3 ma lalo o ka puʻu. He mau hoʻolālā kūleʻa loa kēia e lawelawe ai i ka mea nona ka wā e hiki mai ana no nā makahiki he nui. No kēia papahana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Honda e hoʻohana i kahi hopena maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi, no ka manawa lōʻihi, ua loaʻa i nā kaʻa kaʻa L-series ʻelua mau pahu no kēlā me kēia cylinder a me ʻelua mau pahu kukui no kēlā me kēia cylinder. Wahi a ka poʻe akamai, pono ʻoe e nānā mau (mālama) i ka wehe ʻana o ka valve a hoʻololi i nā wai hana. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻāpana i ka Honda Jazz a me CR-Z.

1.0 EcoBoost (Ford)

Ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2012 a ua manaʻo ʻia e ka poʻe he mea nui i ke au o nā mīkini ʻaila liʻiliʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻa e kahi paona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (emi ma mua o 100 kg) a me nā ana paʻa me ka mana kiʻekiʻe. Aneane ma hope koke iho o kona hoʻomaka ʻana, ua lanakila ʻo ia i ke poʻo inoa o "International Engine of the Year 2012" a aia ma lalo o ka uhi o ka Focus, Mondeo, Fiesta, C-Max a me Transit Courier.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻo Ford i kahi mana 100-horsepower no ke kūʻai aku, a ma hope iki, kahi mana 125-horsepower. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mana 140-horsepower. Hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea hoʻokele i ka hoʻolālā no kona maʻalahi, hana maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie hōʻailona. Ke nānā nei nā mīkini i nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha, hiki ke ʻike ʻia me nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia i ka makahiki mua o ka hana. Aia nā leaks i loko o ia mau mea, hiki ke alakaʻi i ke ahi o ka gasket ma lalo o ke poʻo, a me ka deformation o ke poʻo ponoʻī. I ka makahiki 2013, ua hana nā ʻenekinia i nā hoʻololi e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia. I kēia lā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā kaʻa i holo ma luna o 300 1.0s. km a hoʻohana mau ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo XNUMX EcoBoost kahi papahana kūpono e ʻōlelo ʻia.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i kēia mau ʻenekini:

0.6 a me 0.7 R3 (akamai)

Wahi a nā mechanics, makemake pinepine ka ʻāpana i ka hoʻoponopono (ʻo nā mea nui) ma hope o ka holo ʻana ma lalo o 100 km. km. Hiki ke loaʻa ma Lubricants (hanauna W450). I ka wā mua, ua komo ka manaʻo i ka nui o 600 cm3 a me ka mana o 45 hp. Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻike ʻo Smart ʻaʻole e ʻoluʻolu kēlā mana i nā mea kūʻai aku. No laila, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano hou me 51 a me 61 hp, a ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi ʻano 2002-lita ma 0.7.

'Ōlelo nā mea hoʻohana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi kaʻa holo a me ka pōʻino i loko o kahi lawelawe ʻae ʻole e uku ʻia i mau tausani zlotys. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ASO e uku nui aku mākou. Eia kekahi, hāʻule pinepine ka ʻenekini me ka clutch, turbocharger a me ke kaulahao manawa.

1.0 EcoTech (Opel)

Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻenekini i nā kaʻa Opel i ka waena o ka nineties. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana koʻikoʻi a me ke ʻano o nā hoʻāʻo, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka ʻohana ʻohana ʻohana 1996 ma 0. ʻO ka 1.0 liter unit, nona ʻekolu cylinders, 12 valves a me kahi kaulahao manawa, kaulana loa. Ua ʻokoʻa ka mana mai 54 a 65 hp. Ua kapa ʻia ka hanauna mua ʻo EcoTec, ʻo ka TwinPort ʻelua a me ke kolu ʻo EcoFlex.

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻaila me Corsi (B, C a me D) a me Aguilia (A a me B). ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka ʻenekini a he moʻomeheu hana haʻahaʻa. Ma hope o ka holo ʻana a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 50 tausani. km, hoʻomaka pinepine ke kaulahao manawa i ka walaʻau. Eia kekahi, makemake nui ka ʻenekini e hoʻopau i ka aila. ʻO nā leaks, ʻoi aku hoʻi a puni ka uhi valve, he maʻamau maʻamau. ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hāʻule pū nā mea ʻike ʻaila. Ma hope o ke kaʻa ʻana ma kahi o 100 tausani km, e nalowale ke kaomi i loko o ka mīkini. He lepo ka EGR valve. Hiki ke pāʻani i ka hoʻohenehene ʻino ʻo Lambda probes a me nā coils ignition.

1.4 TSI Twinscharger (Volkswagen)

Hiki ke loaʻa ke kaʻa ma lalo o ka puʻu, no ka laʻana, Volkswagen Scirocco III a i ʻole Seat Ibiza IV Cupra. ʻO ka hana ʻino maʻamau o kēia ʻenekini ʻo ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke kaulahao manawa. ʻO ka tensioner a me ka mea hoʻololi ke kuleana no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pae manawa. Aia nā hihia o ka haki ʻana o ka piston a me nā apo. Inā pōʻino ka poloka, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻike nā mea hoʻohana i ka hiki ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka magnetic o ka paila wai, ka hana ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana injection a me ka hoʻohana wahie kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā kūlana kūlanakauhale, hiki iā ia ke piʻi i ka 15 l / 100 km, a ma ke ala nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau no ka hopena ma kahi o 8 - 9 l / 100 km. Wahi a nā mechanics, he mea liʻiliʻi ka pilikia ma hope o 2010.

1.6 HP (BMW/PSA)

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kahi kūlana o ka hoʻolālā noʻeau e hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻokuʻu ʻana a hōʻoia i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua lilo ia i mea ʻokoʻa iki. Ua ʻike ka kaʻa i ke kukui i ka makahiki 2006. Ua lako me ka umikumamaono-kiwikā poʻo pahu a pololei wahie injection. Ua hoʻokomo mua ʻia ma lalo o ka pāpale o ka MINI Cooper S, a ma hope koke iho hoʻi ma nā kaʻa mai Farani, e like me ka laʻana. DS3, DS4, DS5 a me 308, a me RCZ. Loaʻa ka hāʻawi i nā mana mai 140 a 270 hp. I loko o kekahi mau mahina o ka hana a me ka mileage, literally 15 - 20 tausani. ʻO km paha ka pilikia o kahi kaulahao manawa lōʻihi.

Ua ʻōlelo nā mea hoʻolālā, ʻo ka tensioner ka hewa no kēia kūlana. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hemahema ma lalo o ka palapala hōʻoia, akā ʻo ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ka mea pono a hiki i 2010. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka wā lōʻihi i kēia lā. Eia kekahi, hōʻike nā mea hoʻohana o ka mīkini 1.6 THP i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka aila. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hāʻule ka polokalamu o ka mana, ka turbocharger, ka mea i haki pinepine i ka pahu, a me ka exhaust a me ka intake manifolds.

1.2 TSI EA111 (Volkswagen)

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i 11 mau makahiki i hala. He ʻehā mau cylinders, hoʻokele wahie pololei a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he turbocharger. I ka wā mua, ua hakakā ka mīkini me nā pilikia nui me ka manawa, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kaulahao. Ma hope o ka holo pōkole ʻana, hoʻomaka paha ka walaʻau, hoʻopololei, a ma muli nō hoʻi o kahi tensioner hewa. Ua lawe mai ʻo 2012 i kahi hoʻolālā hou aʻe i loaʻa iā 16 valves (ua loaʻa iā 8 ma mua), kahi kāʻei manawa a me ʻelua kumu (ʻo ka EA111 hoʻokahi kumu). Eia kekahi, i nā ʻāpana mua (a hiki i ka 2012) hiki ke loaʻa nā hemahema i ke poʻo cylinder head gasket, control electronics, exhaust gas purification system a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka aila. Hoʻolohe pū nā mechanics i ka turbine, kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke hilinaʻi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana mana. Hiki ke loaʻa ka hanauna mua 1.2 TSI engines ma lalo o ka hood o nā kaʻa e like me ka VW Golf VI, Skoda Octavia II a i ʻole Audi A3 8P.

Hōʻuluʻulu

Ma luna aʻe, ua hōʻike mākou i nā ʻāpana gasoline, nā hiʻohiʻona e wehewehe pono i ka mākeke automotive hou. Ke ho'āʻo nei nā mea hana kaʻa e hāʻawi i ka mea kūʻai aku i nā hopena maikaʻi loa, akā e like me kāu e ʻike ai, i kekahi manawa hiki ke hele hewa nā mea. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia me kahi mīkini liʻiliʻi (pōkole) ma lalo o ka puʻupuʻu, kahi pilikia ʻole a kūpono hoʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.

E nānā pū: Ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka uila Opel Corsa