ʻO ke ola ʻoluʻolu o ke kanaka kemika
Nā mea
He manaʻo maikaʻi ko ka ʻono. ʻO ka ʻono o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i nā kānaka. ʻO nā keiki liʻiliʻi a me nā holoholona he "nani". He ʻono ka lanakila, a makemake nā mea a pau i ke ola ʻono - ʻoiai pono mākou e makaʻala ke "ʻono" nui kekahi iā mākou. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka materialization o nā mea ʻono he kō maʻamau.
ʻAʻole pono nā kānaka ʻepekema inā ʻaʻole lākou e nānā i kēia manaʻo abstract. Ua hele mai lākou me ia ma ke ʻano o ka density a i ʻole ka nui maikaʻie wehewehe ana i ke ana o ka ono. ʻOi aku ka mea nui, ʻae ʻia nā ana ʻono a hiki i nā hoʻonohonoho hale keʻena haʻahaʻa.
Pehea e ana i ka ʻono?
ʻAʻohe (a?) mika ʻono. ʻO ke kumu ka hoʻopiʻi kupaianaha o nā ʻano kemika mua: ʻono a me ke ʻano pili o ka ʻala. I ka hihia o ka nui o nā ʻōpio i loko o ka evolutionary manaʻo kino e pane i ke kino hoʻoulu ʻia (ʻike, lohe, hoʻopā), ua kūkulu ʻia nā mea hana like - nā mea māmā, nā microphones, nā ʻike paʻi. Ma ke ʻano o ka ʻono, aia nā loiloi e pili ana i nā manaʻo kumuhana o nā mea pane, a ʻo nā ʻōlelo kanaka a me nā ihu he mau mea ana.
10% meaʻai kōpaʻa wai, i.e. maʻi maʻi. No kēia lakio, he 100 ka waiwai kūlana (ma kekahi mau kumu he 1). Ua kapa ʻia ʻono pili, hōʻike ʻia e ka pōkole RS (English). Aia ke ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pākēneka o ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka mea hoʻāʻo i mea e like ai ka manaʻo o ka ʻono i hana ʻia me ka mea kuhikuhi. No ka laʻana: inā he hopena ʻono like ka hopena 5% me ka solution sucrose 10%, ʻono ka mea hoʻāʻo ma 200.
ʻO Sucrose ke kūlana o ka ʻono.
ʻO ka manawa kēia no ana ono.
Pono ʻoe ia ke kaumaha. I loko o ka hale hoʻokolohua home, ua lawa ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻeke liʻiliʻi no ka ʻumi mau zlotys, me ka hiki ke lawe ʻia a hiki i 200 grams a me ke kaupaona ʻana me ka pololei o 0,1 g (e hiki mai ia i ka lima i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe).
I kēia manawa nā huahana i hōʻoia ʻia. Kūpono ko papaaina mau. Glucose hiki ke loaʻa ma ka hale kūʻai, loaʻa nō hoʻi ma laila xylitol he pani ko. [glucose_xylitol] Kālā e nānā i ka papa meaʻai maʻi diabetic oiai lactose hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka home.
Hoʻomākaukau mākou i nā hāʻina me nā manaʻo mai ka 5 a hiki i ka 25% a lepili iā lākou ma kahi ala i ʻike ʻia (kahi hopena o kēlā me kēia mea i loko o nā ʻano nui). E hoʻomanaʻo he mau huahana kēia e ʻai ʻia, no laila e mālama pono iā lākou. lula hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
E ʻimi i nā poʻe makemake e hoʻokolohua ma waena o kou ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha. Hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻono ma lalo o nā kūlana like me ka ʻono ʻana i ka waina a me ka ʻala kofe - hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale ʻia ke alelo me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā hopena (me ka ʻole o ka ʻai ʻana) a holoi ʻia ka waha me ka wai maʻemaʻe ma mua o ka ʻono ʻana. ka hopena hou.
ʻAʻole mau ke kō ʻono
Pā | RS |
huahua | 180 |
glucose | 75 |
mannose | 30 |
galactose | 32 |
maʻi maʻi | 100 |
lactose | 25 |
kala ʻino | 30 |
ʻO nā pūhui i hoʻāʻo ʻia me ke kō (koe ka xylitol). AT keke loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai RS pili. ʻOi aku ka ʻono o nā kō maʻalahi (glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose) ma mua o disaccharides (ʻo ka sucrose wale nō ke kōpaʻa paʻakikī loa). ʻAʻole ʻono loa nā kō me nā ʻāpana nui (starch, cellulose). No ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻono, he mea nui e hoʻohālikelike ka mole a me ka mea ʻono. Pili loa kēia kūlana i ka nui o ka mole, e wehewehe ana i ka ʻono nui o nā kō me nā mole liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻono o nā huahana kūlohelohe ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kō i loko o lākou - no ka laʻana, ʻo ka meli (ma kahi o 100 rupees) ka nui o ka fructose.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻololi e ʻike ʻia ai nā sugars he palatable (e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i loko o ia mau mea) ʻo ko lākou maʻalahi maʻalahi a me ka nui o ka calorie. No laila he kumu maikaʻi lākou o ka ikehu, "wahie" no nā pūnaewele o ko mākou kino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā hoʻololi physiological i pono e ola ai i ka wā o ka prehumans i ka wā o ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai ke kumu i nā hopena olakino maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻAʻole ʻono wale ke kō
ʻono nō hoʻi lākou nā pūhui kō ʻole. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Xylitol i nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo i ka ʻono o nā mea. He hua maoli ia o kekahi o nā kō maʻamau a ua like kona RS me ka sucrose. He mea ʻono ia i ʻae ʻia (code E967) a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻono o nā niho niho a me nā ʻōpala. Hoʻohana like nā pūhui pili: mannitol E421 i sorbitol E420.
Hoʻohālike molekule o kekahi mau kō: glucose (hema hema), fructose (luna ʻākau), sucrose (lalo).
ʻO Glycerol (E422, mea ʻono waiʻona a me ka mālama ʻana i ka makū) a me ka waikawa amino Glycine (E640, hoʻonui ʻono) he mau mea ʻono hoʻi. ʻO nā inoa o nā pūhui ʻelua (me ka glucose a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe) i loaʻa mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻono". Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Glycerin a me ka glycine no nā hoʻāʻo ʻono (inā he maʻemaʻe lākou, loaʻa, no ka laʻana, mai kahi lāʻau lapaʻau). Akā, mai hoʻāʻo kākou i ka ʻono o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe!
ʻO nā protein i unuhi ʻia mai kekahi mau mea kanu exotic he mea ʻono hoʻi. Ma ʻEulopa ua ʻae ʻia e hoʻohana. Thaumatin E957. Ma kahi o 3k kona RS. mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka sucrose. Aia nā pilina hoihoi hana manaʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻono ʻono iā ia iho, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi mau i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke alelo. He ʻono loa ka wai lemon ma hope o ka lawe ʻana!
Nā mea pani kō ʻē aʻe nā steviosides, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea i unuhi ʻia mai kahi mea kanu mai ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO kēia mau mea ma kahi o 100-150 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka sucrose. Ua ʻae ʻia nā Steviosides no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he meaʻai ma lalo o ke code E960. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hoʻonanea ʻana i nā mea inu, nā jams, ka nau ʻana, a me nā mea ʻono i nā lole paʻakikī. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia e ka poʻe maʻi diabetic.
ʻO nā pūhui inorganic kaulana, he ʻono ko lākou. solnce beryl (ua kapa ʻia kēia mea ʻo glucin a loaʻa ka hōʻailona Gl) a Ke alakaʻi. He mea ʻawaʻawa loa lākou - ʻoi loa ke alakaʻi (II) acetate Pb(CH3Luna hana nui)2, ua kapa ʻia e ka poʻe alchemist. ʻAʻole pono mākou e hoʻāʻo i kēia pilina!
ʻO ka ʻono mai ka lab
Piʻi nui ka meaʻai i nā mea ʻono ʻaʻole mai nā kumu kūlohelohe, akā pololei mai ke keʻena kemika. he mea kaulana loa mea ʻonoʻO ka RS o ia mea he ʻumi a he haneli mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka sucrose. ʻO ka hopena, pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu mai ka liʻiliʻi loa. Ke puhi ʻole ʻia nā mea i loko o ke kino, loaʻa iā lākou "0 calories". Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
- saccharin E954 – ʻo ka mea ʻono kahiko loa (ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1879);
- ka sodium cyclamate E952;
- aspartame E951 - kekahi o nā mea ʻono kaulana loa. I loko o ke kino, hoʻokaʻawale ka pūhui i loko o nā waikawa amino (ʻakika aspartic a me ka phenylalanine) a me ka methanol waiʻona, no laila, ʻo nā huahana i ʻono ʻia me ka aspartame e hōʻike i ka ʻōlelo aʻo ma ka ʻeke no ka poʻe me ka phenylketonuria (he maʻi genetic o ka phenylalanine metabolism). ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi maʻamau e pili ana i ka aspartame ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka methanol, kahi mea ʻona. Eia naʻe, ʻo kahi maʻamau maʻamau o ka aspartame (ke ʻai ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi gram i kēlā me kēia lā) e hoʻopuka wale i ka hapaʻumi o ka gram o ka methanol, ʻaʻole pili i ke kino (ʻoi aku ka mea i hana ʻia e ka metabolism kūlohelohe);
- acesulfame K E950;
- sucralose E955 - he mea hoʻopuka o ka sucrose kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā ʻātoma chlorine. ʻO kēia "mākaʻikaʻi" kemika i pale aku i ke kino mai ka metabolizing iā ia.
ʻO ka pōʻino o kekahi mau mea ʻono i hana ʻia, ʻo ia ka haki ʻana i ka wā e hana ai i ka meaʻai (e laʻa me ka kuke ʻana). No kēia kumu, kūpono wale lākou i nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻaʻole e wela hou.
ʻOiai nā mea hoʻowalewale o nā mea ʻono (ka ʻono me ka ʻole o nā calorie!), ʻo ka hopena o kā lākou hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka counterproductive. Hoʻopuehu ʻia nā mea ʻono ʻono ma nā ʻāpana he nui o ko mākou kino, me ka ʻōpū. Hoʻoulu nā mea ʻono i nā mea hoʻokipa ʻōpū e hoʻouna i kahi hōʻailona "hoʻouna hou". Hōʻike ke kino i ka pancreas e hana i ka insulin, kahi e kōkua ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka glucose mai ke koko i nā ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻono ma kahi o ke kō, ʻaʻohe mea e pani ai i ka glucose i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā ʻiʻo, e emi ana kona ʻike a hoʻouna ka lolo i nā hōʻailona o ka pōloli. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i kahi ʻāpana kūpono o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole i piha ke kino, ʻoiai ʻo nā huahana me ke kō ʻole he mau mea ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi ai i ka ikehu. No laila, pale nā mea ʻono i ke kino mai ka helu pono ʻana i ka nui o ka calorie o ka meaʻai, ka hopena i ka manaʻo o ka pōloli e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻai ʻana.
Physiology and psychology of taste
ʻO ka manawa no kekahi mau manaʻo.
E kau i kahi aniani koʻikoʻi nui ma kou alelo a mimi mālie. E holoi i kou waha me ka wai a laila e kāpīpī i kou alelo me kahi kui o ka pauda kō (a i ʻole ke kō maʻamau i kāwili ʻia). E hoʻohālikelike kākou i nā manaʻo o nā huahana ʻelua. ʻOi aku ka ʻono ma mua o ke kō hau. ʻO ke kumu ka helu o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka sucrose, e pili ana i ka ʻili o nā kristal (a ʻo kēia - i ka huina - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻāpana nui o ke kaumaha like). ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana e hopena i ka hoʻōla wikiwiki ʻana o nā mea loaʻa hou aʻe ma ke alelo a me ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻono.
ʻoluʻolu loa
ʻO ka mea momona i ʻike ʻia he hui i kapa ʻia Lugduname, loaʻa i nā mea kemika Farani mai Lyon (ma ka Latin). Kuhi ʻia ka RS o ka waiwai ma 30.000.000 300 20 (ʻo ia ka XNUMX mau manawa ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka sucrose)! Aia kekahi mau pilina like me Rs XNUMX miliona.
Aia i loko o nā puke biology kahiko he palapala ʻāina o ka naʻau o ke alelo i nā ʻono o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Wahi a ia, ʻo ka hope loa o kā mākou mea ʻono e ʻoluʻolu loa i nā mea ʻono. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi lāʻau maʻemaʻe me ka wai kō a hoʻopā i ke alelo ma nā wahi like ʻole: ma ka hopena, ma ke kumu, ma waena a ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui i ka pane ʻana o nā wahi like ʻole i ka ʻono. ʻO ka māhele ʻana o nā mea hoʻokipa no nā ʻono kumu ʻaneʻane like ma ke alelo, a liʻiliʻi loa nā ʻokoʻa o ka naʻau.
ʻO ka hope, kahi mea mai psychology of ono. Hoʻomākaukau mākou i nā hoʻonā kō o ka manaʻo like, akā ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia kala: ʻulaʻula, melemele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo (ke kala mākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ke kala meaʻai). Ke hana nei mākou i kahi hoʻāʻo ʻono i nā hoaaloha ʻike ʻole i ka haku ʻana o nā hopena. E ʻike paha lākou he ʻoi aku ka momona o nā ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele ma mua o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana he relic nō hoʻi o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka - ʻo nā hua ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele ua oʻo a loaʻa i ka nui o ke kō, ʻaʻole like me nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻole.
