Nā kaʻa scooter a me nā kaʻa "like-scooter".

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka kaulana o nā scooter uila a me nā ʻiʻo, akā hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā aʻa o kēia mea i ka liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX. 

♦ XIX c. - ʻAʻole pili ka hiʻohiʻona o ka scooter me nā hana ʻenehana. Ua ʻike ʻia ka huila no nā tausani makahiki, a ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o ka papa, ʻoiai i ka wā ʻilihune. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa, ua kaulana nā kaʻa hele wāwae i waena o nā keiki ma nā wahi ʻilihune o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO nā scooter mua i ka manaʻo hou o ka huaʻōlelo i ʻike ʻia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX i kekahi mau ʻāina, me ʻEnelani, Kelemānia a me ka USA. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo loa ʻo wai a me kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai ka scooter mua ma ke ʻano a mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā.

♦ 1817 - Ma Iune 12 ma Mannheim, ua hōʻike ka mea hoʻolālā Kelemania ʻo Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn i kahi kaʻa o kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kahi kaʻa (1), kahi i ʻike ai kekahi i kēia lā i ka scooter mua. He ʻokoʻa kēia mea hou mai ka mana hou no ka hiki ʻole i ka mea hoʻohana ke kū, akā e noho ʻoluʻolu a paʻi me nā wāwae ʻelua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mahalo ka poʻe kūʻai o ia manawa i ka hoʻolālā. No laila, kūʻai aku ka mea hoʻolālā i kāna kaʻa ma ke kūʻai aku no 5 mau māka a lawe i nā papahana ʻē aʻe.

1. ʻO ke kaʻa o Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn

♦ 1897 - ʻO Walter Lines, he keiki kāne XNUMX makahiki mai UK, hana i ka scooter mua i hana ʻia e like me nā hiʻohiʻona hou. ʻAʻole i patent ka makua kāne o ke keiki i ka mea i hana ʻia, akā ua hana ʻia kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole ia i manaʻo e lilo ka mea pāʻani i mea kaulana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻolālā ʻana o Walter ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā kaʻa mua e hoʻohui i nā pono o ke kumu kūʻai kūpono me kahi mea hoʻokele pili kaiapuni. Ua hana mua ka mea hana i ka hui o kona makuakāne, a laila, me kona mau kaikuaʻana ʻo William lāua ʻo Arthur, ua hoʻokumu i ka hui pāʻani Lines Bros (2).

2. Hoʻolaha i nā huahana Lines Bros.

♦ 1916 - Hōʻike ʻia nā autopeds ma nā alanui o New York (3) i hana ʻia e The Autoped ma Long Island City. Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a me ka ʻoluʻolu o kēia mau kaʻa ma mua o nā scooter wāwae a he ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko. ʻO kā lākou mea hoʻolālā ʻo Arthur Hugo Cecil Gibson e hana ana mai ka makahiki 1909 ma kahi ʻenekini māmā a liʻiliʻi no ka mokulele. I ka makahiki 1915, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi patent no ka ʻenekini 155cc ʻehā-stroke, ea hoʻoluʻu. cm, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻo ia i kahi kaʻa māmā māmā me kēia ʻenekini.

3. Dama jadacha kauoha kūʻokoʻa

ʻO ka autoped kahi paepae, nā huila ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 cm ākea a me kahi kolamu hoʻokele, i hiki ai ke hoʻololi i ke kaʻa a hoʻokele i ka ʻenekini ma luna o ka huila mua. ʻO ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ke koʻokoʻo nakinaki i mua e hoʻopili ai i ka puʻupuʻu, ʻoiai ʻo ka huki ʻana i hope ua hemo ka puʻu a kau i ka pahu. Eia hou, ua hiki i ka traction system ke hoʻopau i ka lako wahie i ka mīkini. ʻO ke kolamu hoʻokele peʻe i manaʻo ʻia e maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻa. Hoʻokumu ka autoped i ka wikiwiki o 32 km / h. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā poʻe leka a me nā mākaʻi kalepa. ʻOiai ua hoʻolaha ʻia ma ke ʻano he kaʻa kūpono no nā kauka a me nā keiki ʻōpio, ua pau ke kumukūʻai a ua pau ka hana ʻana o US i ka makahiki 1921. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ʻana o kēia kumu hoʻohālike ma Kelemānia.

♦ 1921 – ʻenekinia Austrian. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Karl Schuber i kahi ʻenekini ʻelua-cylinder no nā scooter, me ka hoʻoheheʻe magnetic, me ka mana o 1 hp. ma ka māmā holo o 3 km/h. rpm Ua kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka huila mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka huila hoʻokele a me ka pahu wahie, i hoʻokumu ʻia i hale mana piha no ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma nā scooter a me nā kaʻa kaʻa ʻo Austro Motorette. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia ka huakaʻi e like me ka mea i hana ʻia e Arthur Gibson. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ʻana i nā makahiki 30.

♦ 50s – Ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka mākeke e nā scooter ʻenekini puhi ahi me kahi noho hoʻokele ʻoluʻolu. I ka makahiki 1953, ua puka mai ke ki'i o Audrey Hepburn a me Gregory Peck ma kahi hui Italia Vespa scooter ma luna o nā pepa ho'olaha e ho'olaha ana i ke ki'i'oni'oni Roman Holiday, ua hiki aku ka hoihoi i nā ka'a wikiwiki loa. ʻOiai ʻike ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālike Vespa mai ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka pale no kekahi mau minuke, kūʻai ʻia ma luna o 100 kope. kope. ʻO nā mea a pau i hōʻike i ka hopena o ka scooter. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohana ʻōpio kahi manaʻo hou no kēia mau kaʻa. Lawe lākou i nā ʻauamo mai kā lākou mau scooter a holo ma ka papa pololei. Pēlā i hana ʻia ai nā prototypes skateboard.

4. Old Skateboard Makaha

♦ 1963 "Ke hoʻomaka nei nā mea hana e hāʻawi i nā huahana e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka poʻe pā o ka haʻuki kūlanakauhale hou o ka skateboarding. I kēia manawa, he mau hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa kēia. He mau huila kila no ka papa holo moku, a he mea ino ia lakou ke holo. Huila Papa Skateboard Makaha Composite (4) ua hāʻawi i ka holo mālie, akā ua pau koke lākou a ʻaʻole palekana loa ma muli o ka traction maikaʻi ʻole.

♦ 1973 - ʻO ka mea haʻuki ʻAmelika ʻo Frank Nasworthy (5) hāʻawi ʻia nā huila i hana ʻia me ka plastic - polyurethane, ka wikiwiki, mālie a me ka haʻalulu. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Richard Novak i nā bearings. ʻO nā bearings i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Road Rider e pale aku i nā mea haumia e like me ke one no ka holo wikiwiki ʻana. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā huila polyurethane kiʻekiʻe a me nā bearings pololei ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā scooter a me nā skateboards i mea hoʻokipa maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ke kūlanakauhale - mālie, ʻoluʻolu a hilinaʻi.

5. ʻO Frank Nasworthy me ka rivet polyurethane

♦ 1974 Hoʻokuʻu ʻo Honda i ʻekolu huila Kick 'n Go scooter ma US a me Iapana (6) me kahi hoʻokele hou. Hiki ke kūʻai wale ʻia nā kaʻa ma nā mea kūʻai aku o kēia brand, a ua hānau ʻia ka manaʻo mai kahi pono kūʻai. Ua ʻike ka hoʻokele ʻo Honda no nā keiki e hele mai i nā hale kūʻai kaʻa me ko lākou mau mākua, pono e loaʻa kahi huahana kūikawā. ʻO ka manaʻo no Kick 'n Go i loaʻa mai i kahi hoʻokūkū Honda kūloko.

6. Scooter Kick 'n Go mai Honda

ʻO ka holo ʻana i kēlā scooter ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i ka huki ʻana mai ka honua me kou wāwae. Pono ka mea hoʻohana e kaomi i ka pahu ma ka huila hope me ko lākou wāwae, nāna i hoʻopaʻa i ke kaulahao a hoʻonohonoho i nā huila. Ua ʻae ʻo Kick 'n Go iā ʻoe e neʻe wikiwiki aʻe ma mua o nā kaʻa i ʻike mua ʻia o kahi ʻano like. ʻEkolu mau mana i loaʻa: no nā keiki a ʻelua no nā ʻōpio a me nā pākeke. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻulaʻula, kālā, melemele a uliuli paha. Mahalo i ka Kick 'n Go drive mua, ua lanakila nui lākou. Eia naʻe, ua lawe ʻia nā scooter mai ka mākeke i ʻelua makahiki ma hope o nā ulia e pili ana i nā keiki. Ua manaʻo ʻia he wikiwiki loa lākou no ka lele ʻana o nā keiki liʻiliʻi iā lākou iho.

♦ 1985 - Hoʻomaka nā scooter Go-Ped e lanakila i ka mākeke (7), i hana ʻia e kekahi hui ʻohana liʻiliʻi ma Kaleponi. He ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka hana ʻana a me nā huila lāʻau nui no ka holo maʻalahi. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona mua i hana ʻia e Steve Patmont nona iho a me kāna mau hoaaloha - ua manaʻo ʻia e maʻalahi lākou e neʻe wikiwiki a puni nā kūlanakauhale lehulehu. I ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ai ka mea ʻoihana liʻiliʻi i ka Go-Ped, ʻaʻole paha ʻo ia i manaʻo e kūleʻa kāna hoʻolālā.

7. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona scooter Go-Ped.

Ua hoʻololi ʻo Patmont i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu me kāna Cantilever Independent Dynamic Linkless Suspension (CIDLI). ʻO kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu maʻalahi a maikaʻi loa me nā lima swing a me ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa mua a me hope hope wishbone e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoluʻolu kiʻekiʻe. Ua mālama pū ka mea hoʻolālā i kahi kiʻi ikaika a māmā, i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona mokulele. Ua loaʻa mua nā ʻenekini puhi ahi, akā mai ka makahiki 2003 ua loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa uila mālie a pili i ke kaiapuni, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi kaʻa DC brushed me kahi radiator Electro Head hiki ke holo wikiwiki ma mua o 20 km/h.

♦ 90s – ʻEnekinia Mechanical Gino Tsai (8) hoʻolana i ka Razor scooter. E like me kāna i wehewehe ai ma hope, ua wikiwiki ʻo ia i nā wahi āpau, no laila ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kahi scooter maʻamau maʻamau i hiki ke neʻe wikiwiki. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka Razor mai ka alumini papa mokulele me nā huila polyurethane a me kahi pahu lima hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia. He mea hou ka eheu hope, i ka hehi ana i ka huila hope. Eia hou, he u'i a me ke kumu kuai scooter. Ma 2000 wale nō, ua kūʻai ʻia he miliona Razors. I ka makahiki 2003, hāʻawi ka hui i nā mea kūʻai aku i kāna scooter uila.

8. Jino Tsai me ka Razor scooter

♦ 1994 - Ke hoʻolālā nei ʻo Hannu Vierikko ka mea haʻuki Finnish i kahi scooter i manaʻo ʻia e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kaʻa. kickbike (9) ua like maoli me ke kaʻa kaʻa, me ka huila ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi iki o kekahi, a me kahi ʻanuʻu no ka mea holo kaʻa ma kahi o nā pedal a me ke kaulahao. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia e maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻuki - me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha hui a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kaʻa. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia he kūleʻa nui ke kaʻa i ka mākeke honua. Ua lanakila nā scooters Hannu Vierikko i nā heihei kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo a kūʻai aku ka brand Kickbike i 5 mau ʻāpana. kēia mau kaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

♦ 2001 - Premiera Segwaya (10), he ʻano kaʻa noho hoʻokahi hou i haku ʻia e ʻAmelika Dean Kamen. Ua hoʻolaha leo nui ʻia ke ʻano o kēia kaʻa e ka media, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka papahana e Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos a me John Doerr. He manaʻo hou ka Segway no kahi kaʻa kaʻa kaona wikiwiki a pili i ke kaiapuni me ka paʻakikī ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi scooter maʻamau. ʻO ia ke kaʻa ʻelua huila hoʻohālikelike ponoʻī ponoʻī me ka ʻenehana hoʻoikaika hoʻoikaika paʻa. I loko o kona mana maʻamau, aia i kahi pūʻulu o nā mea ʻike, kahi ʻōnaehana mana, a me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻenekini. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana sensory nui he gyroscopes. ʻO kahi gyroscope maʻamau he nui a paʻakikī ke mālama ʻia i kēia ʻano kaʻa, no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī silicon angular rate sensor.

ʻIke kēia ʻano gyroscope i ka hoʻololi ʻana o kahi mea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena Coriolis i hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi loa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻelua mau mea ʻike kiki, hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai electrolyte. Hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana gyroscopic i ka ʻike i ke kamepiula, ʻelua papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia o kahi mea hoʻokele uila i loaʻa kahi pūʻulu microprocessors e nānā i nā ʻike kūpaʻa āpau a hoʻoponopono i ka wikiwiki o kekahi mau kaʻa uila e like me ia. Hiki i nā kaʻa uila, i hoʻoikaika ʻia e kahi pālua nickel-metal hydride a i ʻole lithium-ion batteries, hiki ke wili kūʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia huila i ka wikiwiki ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā kaʻa ka nānā pono mai nā mea hoʻohana. Aia i ka makahiki 2002, ke kūʻai aku nei ma kahi o 50 tausani mau ʻāpana, ʻoiai ʻo 6 wale nō i loaʻa nā mea hou. nā kaʻa, ma waena o nā mākaʻi, nā limahana o nā kahua kaua, nā ʻoihana ʻoihana a me nā hale kūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻolālā i hōʻike ʻia i hōʻike ʻia he mea koʻikoʻi, e wehe ana i ke ala no ka nalu o nā kaʻa hoʻohālikelike ponoʻī e lawe nei ma luna o ka mākeke i kēia mau makahiki, e like me nā hoverboards a i ʻole unicycles.

♦ 2005 - Hoʻomaka ka wā o nā scooter uila hou. Ua loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona EVO Powerboards ka mea kaulana mua. Ua hoʻokomo ka mea hana i kahi ʻōnaehana holo wikiwiki ʻelua. Hoʻohui ka pahu pahu i ka hilinaʻi a me ka mana o kahi kaʻa kaʻa me ka versatility o ka holo wikiwiki ʻelua.

♦ 2008 - ʻO Swiss Wim Obother, ka mea hoʻokumu a me ka mea hoʻolālā o Micro Mobility Systems, hana i ka Micro Luggage II, kahi scooter i pili i kahi pahu. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kahi ʻeke i loko o nā mea a pau āu e makemake ai, no ka laʻana, i loko o ke keʻena ukana o kahi mokulele. Hiki iā ʻoe ke huki iā ia ma nā huila, akā hoʻokahi wale nō neʻe e wehe i ka scooter a hele heihei me kāu mau ukana. ʻO ke kumu o kāna hana ʻana ʻo ka palaualelo - ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua mamao loa ʻo Ouboter mai ka hale kūʻai sanwiti e hele ai i laila, akā kokoke loa e hoʻomaka i ke kaʻa a huki paha i ke kaʻa mai ka hale kaʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻo ka scooter ke ala maikaʻi loa o ka lawe ʻana. Ua mahalo ʻia ka manaʻo a loaʻa iā 2010 kahi makana ma ka hoʻokūkū hoʻolālā honua "Red Dot Design Award".

♦ 2009 Hoʻokuʻu ʻo Go-Ped i kāna scooter piha piha i ka propane, ʻo ka GSR Pro-Ped. Ua hoʻohana ʻia e kahi ʻenekini propane 25cc3 LEHR 21-stroke propane. Hiki i ke kaʻa ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki a hiki i XNUMX km / h a ʻo ka manawa hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe he hoʻokahi hola. Ua lanakila ka ʻenehana ʻenekini propane a LEHR i ka makana EPA Air Protection.

♦ 2009 - Hoʻokomo ʻo Razor i kahi scooter manuahi. Ua like ka PowerWing (11) me ka scooter, akā koi i ka mea holo e kaulike i ko lākou kino, e like me ka skateboarding. Ke neʻe nei kēia kaʻa huila ʻekolu mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi ʻaoʻao, heʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao a huli 360 degere. Hiki i nā huila ʻelua kāmele iā ʻoe ke huli, neʻe a me ka wikiwiki me ka ʻole o ka pahu ʻana mai ka honua.

♦ 2011 – Hana ʻo Andrzej Sobolevski mai Toruń a me kona ʻohana iā Torqway, kahi kahua e aʻo ai i ka holo. ʻAʻole i hūnā ka ʻohana Sobolevsky i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hauʻoli lākou i ka Segway, akā ua pale maikaʻi ke kumukūʻai i ke kūʻai. No laila, kūkulu lākou a patent i kā lākou kaʻa ponoʻī. Ua like ka Torqway me ka Segway, akā ʻo ka holo ʻana i kēia kahua he hana kino. Ke hoʻoneʻe nei ka hoʻolālā i nā levers ʻelua i hoʻonohonoho i ka ikaika o nā ʻiʻo o nā lima. ʻO kēia kaʻa kaʻa hou e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohuli i ka neʻe oscillating o ka lever i ka neʻe ʻana o nā huila me ka nele o ka ikehu pono ʻole (ua hoʻopau ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo idling). ʻO kahi kaʻa uila hou e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika i nā makemake o ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano hoʻokele ʻekolu. Hāʻawi ʻia ka paʻa o ka paepae e nā gyroscopes, akā ma nā huila liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke neʻe ʻo Torqway i ka wikiwiki o 12 km/h.

♦ 2018 - ʻO ka mua o ka scooter uila wikiwiki loa - NanRobot D4+. Ua lako ʻia me ʻelua mau kaʻa 1000W a me kahi pākahi lithium-ion 52V 23Ah. Hāʻawi kēia ʻōnaehana ikaika i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 65 km / h me kahi ākea nui ma mua o 70 km. ʻElua mau ʻano wikiwiki, ʻo Eco a me Turbo, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wikiwiki i nā kūlana a me ke akamai o ka mea hoʻokele.