ʻEhia ka manawa o kā mākou uku?

Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe Astronomers kekahi hōkū like loa me ka Lā, aia ma kahi o 300 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Honua. He mea hoihoi ka HIP68468 no ka mea e hōʻike ana iā mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻōnaehana solar - a ʻaʻole ʻoniʻoni loa kēia ...

ʻO ka manaʻo nui o ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ia ka manaʻo nui o ka haku mele ʻana o ka hōkū. Me he mea lā ua ale ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau hokele, no ka mea, he nui nā mea e hele mai ana mai nā kino lani ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo HIP68468 e ʻelua mau mea "ʻokoʻa" hou aʻe… ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻo nā simulation i hana ʻia no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana e kīkē ʻia kā mākou Mercury mai kona orbit a hāʻule ʻo ia i ka lā. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka nalo ʻana o nā hōkūhele ʻē aʻe, me ka Honua, e like me ke kumu domino.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona paha ka mea e hoʻoneʻe ai ka gravity vortices i ko mākou honua i kahi orbit hou aʻe. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kānaka, no ka mea, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻoweliweli ia iā mākou. pae ʻana ma waho o ka ʻāpana o ke ola.

Ke pau ka carbon dioxide

Hiki ke hoʻomaka koke ka pilikia. I loko o 230 miliona mau makahiki wale nō, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpuni honua i ka wā e pau ai Lapunov manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka manawa i hiki ke wānana pololei ʻia ko lākou alahele. Ma hope o kēia manawa, lilo ke kaʻina hana i ka haunaele.

I ka huli ʻana, a hiki i 500-600 miliona mau makahiki, pono kekahi e kali no kona hanana ʻana ma kahi mamao o 6500 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Honua. gamma rozglisk ole supernova hyperenergy pahū. Hiki i nā kukuna gamma ke hoʻopilikia a hoʻoulu i ka papa ozone o ka Honua. hoopau nui e like me ka Ordovician extinction, akā, pono e kuhikuhi pono ʻia i ko mākou honua i mea e hiki ai ke hana i kekahi pōʻino - e hōʻoluʻolu i nā mea he nui, no ka mea, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka pilikia o ka pōʻino.

Ma hope o 600 miliona makahiki hoonui i ka olinolino o ka la ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokē ʻai ai i nā pōhaku ma ka ʻili o ka Honua, a no laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kalapona kalapona ma ke ʻano o ka carbonates a e emi ana ka mea i loko o ka lewa. E hoʻopau kēia i ka pōʻai carbonate-silicate. Ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka wai, e paʻakikī nā pōhaku, e lohi ana, a i ka hopena e hoʻopau i nā kaʻina tectonic. ʻAʻohe lua pele e hoʻihoʻi i ke kalapona i ka lewa e hāʻule nā ​​pae kalapona kalapona “I ka hopena a hiki i kahi hiki ʻole ke photosynthesis o C3 a make nā mea kanu a pau e hoʻohana ana ia mea (ma kahi o 99% o nā ʻano). I loko o 800 miliona mau makahiki, e haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻike kalapona kalapona o O'Mal i ka lewa i hiki ʻole ai ke kiʻi kiʻi C4. E make nā ʻano mea kanu a pau, a hiki i ka make e nalowale loa ana ka oxygen mai ka lewa aku a pau loa nā mea ola multicellular. I loko o 1,3 biliona makahiki, ma muli o ka nele o ka carbon dioxide, e make nā eukaryotes. ʻO ka Prokaryotes wale nō ke ʻano o ke ola ma ka Honua.

"I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e kū'ē nā kūlana o ka Honua i ke ola e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai," wahi a ka astrobiologist i ʻehā mau makahiki i hala. Jack O'Malley-James mai ke Kulanui ʻo Scottish o St. Andrews. Ua hana ʻo ia i kāna wānana manaʻo maikaʻi ma muli o nā hoʻohālikelike kamepiula e hōʻike ana i ka hopena o nā loli i ka Lā i ka Honua. Ua hōʻike ka mea astrobiologist i kāna mau ʻike i ka National Astronomical Assembly ma ke kulanui.

Ma keia hiʻona ʻO ka poʻe noho hope loa o ka Honua he mau microorganisms hiki ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻopau ʻia lākou.. I loko o nā piliona makahiki e hiki mai ana, e wela ana ka ili o ka Honua a hiki i ka nui o nā kumu wai a pau. ʻAʻole hiki i nā microbes ke ola no ka lōʻihi ma ia mau wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike mau ʻana i ka radiation ultraviolet.

E like me ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea noiʻi, aia nā wahi ma ko mākou honua kahi hiki ʻole ke ola. ʻO kekahi laʻana ka mea i kapa ʻia Awawa makeaia ma ka hema o Kaleponi. He ea maloʻo kona me ka emi iho o ka 50 mm o ka ua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a aia kekahi mau makahiki i ka ua ʻole. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā wahi wela loa o ka honua. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe noiʻi e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ia mau wahi.

I loko o 2 biliona makahiki, me ka ʻoi aku o ka mālamalama o ka lā a me nā mahana a hiki i 100 ° C, ʻo nā waihona wai huna liʻiliʻi wale nō e ola ma ka Honua, kiʻekiʻe ma nā mauna, kahi e haʻahaʻa ai ka mahana, a i ʻole i loko o nā ana, ʻoi aku ma lalo o nā ana. Maanei e mau ai ke ola no kekahi manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e ola nā micro-organism e noho ana i ia mau kūlana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana a me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o ka radiation ultraviolet.

"I loko o 2,8 biliona makahiki, ʻaʻohe ola ma ka Honua ma kahi ʻano kumu ʻole," wānana ʻo Jack O'Malooley-James. ʻO ka awelika o ka mahana o ka honua i kēia manawa a hiki i 147°C. E make loa ana ke ola.

Ma nā manawa ma luna o 2 biliona makahiki, aia ka manaʻo ma kahi o 1:100 e hoʻokuʻu aku kahi hōkū i ka Honua i loko o kahi ākea ma muli o ke kaʻe kokoke ʻana i ka Lā, a laila me ka 000:1 e hiki ai ia. komo i ka orbit o kekahi hoku. Inā hiki kēia, hiki i ke ola ke lōʻihi aku. Inā ʻae nā kūlana hou, ʻae ka mahana a me ka mālamalama.

He 2,3 biliona makahiki ia ma mua o ke ahi ʻana o ka Honua ka paʻa ʻana o ke kumu o waho o ka Honua - ke manaʻo nei e hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mea i loko ma kahi o 1 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Me ka ʻole o ka wai o waho o ka honua e hoʻopau ʻia ke kahua magneticʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana iā ʻoe i ka pale mai ka radiation lā. Inā ʻaʻole pau ka honua i ka mahana ma ia manawa, e hana ka radiation i ka hana.

Ma nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hanana i hiki ke hiki i ka Honua, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka make o ka Lā. E hoʻomaka ana ke kaʻina o ka make ʻana o kā mākou hōkū ma kahi o 5 biliona makahiki. Ma kahi o 5,4 biliona makahiki, e hoʻomaka ana ka lā e hoʻololi i loko pilikua ʻulaʻula. E hana ʻia kēia ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ka hydrogen i loko o kona kikowaena, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka helium i ka hopena, e hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana ma kahi kokoke, a e "puhi ʻia" ka hydrogen ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka nucleus. . . E komo ka lā i ka māhele subgiant a pāpālua mālie i kona nui ma kahi o ka hapalua piliona makahiki. I loko o ka hapalua piliona makahiki e hiki mai ana, e hoʻonui ʻia ma ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka kokoke. 200 mau manawa hou aku ma mua o kēia manawa (i ke anawaena) I he mau kaukani manawa oi aku ka malamalama. A laila aia ma luna o ka lālā i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lālā pilikua ʻulaʻula, kahi e lilo ai i kahi piliona makahiki.

Aia ka lā i kahi ʻāpana nunui ʻulaʻula a ua wela ka honua

Kokoke 9 biliona makahiki o ka lā pau ka wahie heliumhe aha ka mea e alohi ai i kēia manawa. A laila mānoanoa a e hoemi i kona nui ka nui o ka Honua, lilo keʻokeʻo - no laila e lilo ia i loko gnome keʻokeʻo. A laila e pau ka ikehu āna i hāʻawi mai ai iā mākou i kēia lā. E uhi ʻia ka honua me ka hau, akā naʻe, i ka mālamalama o nā hanana i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, ʻaʻole pono e pili hou, no ka mea, ma hope o ke ola ma kā mākou honua, ʻaʻole e koe nā hoʻomanaʻo. He mau piliona makahiki hou e pau ai ka wahie o ka la. A laila e lilo i ʻeleʻele dwarf.

ʻO ka moeʻuhane o ke kanaka ka hana ʻana i kaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lawe i ke kanaka i kahi ʻōnaehana solar ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hope loa, inā ʻaʻole mākou e pepehi ʻia e nā cataclysms he nui ma ke ala, e lilo ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi wahi ʻē aʻe i mea e pono ai. A, ʻaʻole paha mākou e hōʻoluʻolu iā mākou iho me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau piliona makahiki mākou e hoʻopaʻa ai i kā mākou ʻeke, no ka mea he nui nā ʻano hypothetical o ka luku ʻana ma ke ala.