Pūnaehana kiaʻi ʻāina ʻo Alliance

Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana AGS e hana i nā hana e pili ana i ka palekana o nā palena o nā ʻāina NATO (ka ʻāina a me ke kai), ka pale ʻana i nā koa a me nā makaʻāinana, a me ka hoʻokele pilikia a me ke kōkua kanaka.

Ma ka lā 21 o Nowemapa i ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Northrop Grumman i ka lele transatlantic kūleʻa o ka RQ-4D kaʻa unmanned aerial mua (UAV) RQ-XNUMXD, e hana koke ana i nā mikiona reconnaissance no ka North Atlantic Alliance. ʻO kēia ka mua o nā kaʻa mokulele unmanned ʻelima i hoʻolālā ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻEulopa no nā pono o ka ʻōnaehana kiaʻi honua mokulele NATO AGS.

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka RQ-4D unmanned aerial kaʻa ma Nowemapa 20, 2019 mai Palmdale, Kaleponi, a ma kahi o 22 mau hola ma hope, ma Nowemapa 21, pae i ka Italian Air Force Base Sigonella. Hoʻokō ka UAV i kūkulu ʻia e US i nā koi hōʻoia ʻano pūʻali koa no ka hoʻokele ponoʻī ʻana i ka mokulele ma luna o ʻEulopa i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). ʻO ka RQ-4D kahi mana o ka Global Hawk unmanned aerial kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e ka US Air Force no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻololi ʻia nā kaʻa mokulele unmanned i kūʻai ʻia e ka North Atlantic Alliance i kāna mau koi; e hana lākou i ka reconnaissance a me ka hoʻomalu i nā hana i ka wā maluhia, pilikia a me ke kaua.

Aia ka ʻōnaehana NATO AGS i nā kaʻa mokulele unmanned me nā ʻōnaehana radar kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻāpana honua a me ke kākoʻo. ʻO ka mea mana nui ka Main Operating Base (MOB), aia ma Sigonella, Sicily. E haʻalele ana nā kaʻa lewa ʻole o NATO AGS mai ʻaneʻi. ʻElua mau mokulele e hana i ka manawa like, a ʻo ka ʻikepili mai nā radar SAR-GMTI i kau ʻia ma ko lākou mau papa e nānā ʻia e nā hui ʻelua o nā loea. ʻO ka papahana AGS NATO he hana koʻikoʻi loa ia o nā ʻāina o ka North Atlantic Alliance no nā makahiki he nui, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō piha ʻia. Eia naʻe, he mau ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi wale nō i koe a hiki i ka mākaukau hana piha. Ua like loa kēia hoʻonā ʻana me ka NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force (NAEW&CF), i hana ʻia no ka aneane ʻehā mau makahiki.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana AGS he ʻelua ʻāpana: ea a me ka honua, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i nā lawelawe analytical a me ke kākoʻo ʻenehana no ka misionari, akā alakaʻi pū kekahi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa limahana.

ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana NATO AGS e hoʻopiha i kahi āpau i nā mana naʻauao koʻikoʻi o ka North Atlantic Alliance. ʻAʻole wale ka hui NATO e hopohopo nei i ka holomua o kēia hana. ʻO ka holomua o kēia hoʻokomo i ka palekana e hilinaʻi nui i ka poʻe a pau i ʻike ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mana hou e hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e mālama i ka palekana ma ʻEulopa a me ka honua. ʻO kēia hana koʻikoʻi ka nānā mau ʻana i nā mea a pau e hana ana ma ka ʻāina a me ke kai, e komo pū ana ma kahi mamao mai ka ʻāina o ka North Atlantic Alliance, a puni ka uaki, i nā kūlana ʻano āpau. ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mana ʻike hou loa i ke kahua o ka naʻauao, ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mana RNR (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance).

Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka piʻi a me ka lalo, i ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo pū kekahi hui o 15 mau ʻāina e loaʻa i kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi NATO AGS hiki, ʻo ia hoʻi. kūkulu i kahi ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa me ʻekolu mau mea: ea, ʻāina a me ke kākoʻo. ʻO ka māhele lewa NATO AGS e loaʻa i ʻelima mau pūʻali koa RQ-4D Global Hawk UAV. ʻO kēia ʻAmelika, kaulana unmanned aerial platform ma muli o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka mokulele Global Hawk Block 40 i hana ʻia e Northrop Grumman Corporation, i lako me kahi radar MP-RTIP (Multi Platform - Radar Technology Insertion Program), a me kahi laina-o- ʻike a ma waho o ka laina-o-ʻike loulou.

ʻO ka māhele honua o NATO AGS, he mea nui ia o kēia ʻōnaehana hou, aia nā lako kūikawā e kākoʻo ana i ka AGS MOB drone reconnaissance mission a me kekahi mau kahua kahua i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka mobile, portable and portable configurations i hiki ke hoʻohui a hoʻoili i ka ʻikepili. me ka hiki ke hana. Hoʻolako ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa me nā interface e hāʻawi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka launa pū me nā mea hoʻohana ʻikepili lehulehu. Wahi a NATO, ʻo ka ʻāpana honua o kēia ʻōnaehana e hōʻike i kahi kikowaena koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana NATO AGS nui a me kahi ākea o nā ʻōnaehana C2ISR (Command, Control, Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance) no ke kauoha, kaohi, ka naʻauao, ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻike. . . E kamaʻilio ka ʻāpana honua me nā ʻōnaehana he nui i kau ʻia. E hana ia me nā mea hoʻohana he nui a me ka holo ʻana mai kahi mākaʻikaʻi ea.

E hoʻohana ʻia kēlā ʻano multi-domain o ka ʻōnaehana NATO AGS i mea e hāʻawi mau ai i ka ʻike kūlana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o nā hana no nā pono, me nā luna i hoʻonoho ʻia ma nā wahi o ka hoʻomohala ikaika. Eia hou, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana AGS ke kākoʻo i nā ʻano hana like ʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka naʻauao hoʻolālā a i ʻole ke akamai. Me kēia mau mea hana maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻokō: ka pale ʻana i nā makaʻāinana, ka hoʻomalu palena a me ka palekana moana, nā mikiona anti-terrorism, kākoʻo i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokele pilikia a me ke kōkua kanaka i ka wā o nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, kākoʻo no nā hana ʻimi a hoʻopakele.

He lōʻihi a paʻakikī ka mōʻaukala o ka NATO's AGS airborne surveillance system, a koi pinepine ʻia nā ʻae. I ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hiki ʻana o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūʻali hou a me nā waiwai e nā ʻāina NATO ma ke kumu o ka loiloi o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma NATO e ke Kōmike Hoʻolālā Defence. I kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia e manaʻo ka Alliance e hana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mākaʻikaʻi ea ma luna o ka ʻāina, i hoʻohui ʻia, inā hiki, e nā ʻōnaehana naʻauao ʻē aʻe i hana mua ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohui hou o kekahi mau ʻāina.

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia, mahalo i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, hiki i ka NATO AGS kiaʻi honua ke hilinaʻi i nā ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana nānā honua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōnaehana aupuni āpau i hiki ke nānā i ke kūlana. Manaʻo ʻia nā manaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mana ʻAmelika o ka ʻōnaehana TIPS (Transatlantic Industrial Proposed Solution) a i ʻole ka mana ʻEulopa e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi radar ea hou; Ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻEulopa ʻo SOSTAR (Stand off Surveillance Target Acquisition Radar). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ʻana a nā hui o nā mokuʻāina me nā manaʻo like ʻole i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mana hou i ke kākoʻo kūpono mai ka North Atlantic Alliance e hoʻomaka ai i kā lākou hoʻokō. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka ʻae ʻole o nā ʻāina NATO ʻo ia ka māhele ʻana i kēlā mau ʻāina i kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papahana radar US TCAR (Transatlantic Cooperative Advanced Radar) a me ka poʻe i koi i ka manaʻo ʻEulopa (SOSTAR).

I Kepakemapa 1999, ma hope koke iho o ke komo ʻana o Polani i ka North Atlantic Alliance, ua hui pū mākou me ka hui ākea o nā ʻāina NATO i kākoʻo ikaika i kēia hana kuʻikahi koʻikoʻi. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomau ka hakakā ma nā Balkans, a he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ke kūlana o ka honua e kaʻawale mai nā pilikia hou a i ʻole nā ​​kaua. No laila, ma kēia kūlana, ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā mau manawa kūpono.

I ka makahiki 2001, ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻĀpana ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau e hoʻāla i ka manaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana NATO AGS ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi papahana hoʻomohala i loaʻa i nā mokuʻāina āpau. Ma 2004, ua hoʻoholo ʻo NATO e hana i kahi koho, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o kahi kuʻikahi ma waena o nā kūlana o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma muli o kēia kuʻikahi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hana pū i nā ʻauwaʻa o nā kaʻa mokulele a me nā kaʻa lewa ʻole o NATO AGS. ʻO ka ʻāpana ea o NATO AGS ʻo ia ka mokulele ʻEulopa Airbus A321 a me ka reconnaissance unmanned aerial kaʻa i hana ʻia e ka ʻoihana ʻAmelika BSP RQ-4 Global Hawk. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻāina ʻo NATO AGS e hoʻokomo i kahi ākea ākea o nā kahua paʻa a paʻa i hiki ke hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili mai ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea hoʻohana i koho ʻia.

I ka makahiki 2007, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā kumukūʻai palekana o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ua hoʻoholo nā ʻāina o NATO e hoʻōki i ka hana hou ʻana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi ʻano pipiʻi o nā ʻauwaʻa hui o nā mokulele mokulele NATO AGS, a ua manaʻo ʻia kahi ʻano maʻalahi a maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana NATO AGS kahi i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻāpana ea o NATO AGS ma luna o nā mokulele hoʻokele i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi. i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka US Global Hawk Block UAV 40. I kēlā manawa, ʻo ia wale nō ka mokulele holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa ma NATO o nā ʻāina i helu ʻia ʻo ka papa III nui loa ma NATO, me ka High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE). ) ka māhele a me ka MP radar pili -RTIP (Multi Platform Radar Technology Insertion Program).

Wahi a ka mea hana, hiki i ka radar ke ʻike a nānā i nā pahuhopu ʻāina mobile, ka palapala ʻana i ka ʻāina, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā pahuhopu ea, me nā missiles holo kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa, i nā kūlana ʻano āpau, ke ao a me ka pō. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka radar ma ka ʻenehana AESA (Active Electronics Scanned Array).

I Fepeluali 2009, ua komo mau nā lālā o ka NATO i ka papahana (ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mea a pau) i hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ke kau inoa ʻana i ka NATO AGS PMOU (Programme Memorandum of Understanding) Memorandum of Understanding. He palapala i ʻae ʻia ma waena o nā ʻāina o NATO (me Polani) nāna i hoʻoholo e kākoʻo ikaika i kēia hana a komo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pono kūpono no ka ʻōnaehana hui hou.

I kēlā manawa, ʻo Polani, i mua o kahi pilikia hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻoweliweli i kona hopena i ka pūnāwai o ia makahiki, ua hoʻoholo hope ʻaʻole e kau inoa i kēia palapala a i ʻApelila haʻalele ʻo ia mai kēia papahana, e hōʻike ana i kahi kūlana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūlana waiwai. hiki ke hoʻi i ke kākoʻo ikaika i kēia mau hana koʻikoʻi. I ka hopena, i ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Polani i ka hui o nā ʻāina NATO e komo mau ana i ka papahana a, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻumikūmālima o lākou, ua hoʻoholo e hui pū i kēia hana koʻikoʻi o ka North Atlantic Alliance. Aia ka papahana i kēia mau ʻāina: Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Kelemānia, Lithuania, Latvia, Luxembourg, Italia, Polani, Czech Republic, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia a me USA.