Pūnaehana Rail maʻamau i nā ʻenekini diesel - nānā i ke kumu o ka hana

I ka makahiki 1936, ua puka mai ka engine diesel no ka manawa mua ma ke ka'a hana Mercedes-Benz. I kēia manawa, ʻokoʻa loa ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mīkini diesel hou, a ʻo Common Rail ke kuleana o kā lākou hana. He aha kēia? He ala kēia e hoʻolako ai i ke kaʻa me ka wahie. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻenekini ʻaila, ua lōʻihi ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻenekini diesel ma ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana o ka wahie diesel i loko o ke keʻena kuni. ʻO ka Common Rail kekahi o nā hoʻolālā hou loa a he mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe. Pehea ia hana? E heluhelu i kā mākou ʻatikala!

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana injection Diesel - ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahie i loko o ka cylinder me ka ea. ʻO nā compressors ea ke kuleana no kēia. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā paila wahie kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka pololei a me ka maikaʻi, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā keʻena prechambers me ka indirect injection no ka hana ʻana i nā mīkini kaʻa. Nā mea hou aku: 

• puna nozzles;
• pauma injector;
• nā mea hoʻokomo piezo;
• nā nozzles electromagnetic;
• Pūnaehana wahie pākahi.

Ma ka kikokikona, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka hope o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi. e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail.

ʻO ka mīkini Diesel me ka paila injection - ke kumu o ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā ʻenekini diesel ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻole koi i kahi huna waho, e like me ke ʻano me nā mīkini ʻaila. ʻO ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi kiʻekiʻe loa he mea pono, a pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka wahie ma lalo o ke kaomi nui. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pauma injection i nā ʻāpana e hoʻolako i ka wahie i kahi cylinder kikoʻī. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi piston distributor, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi maʻi i māhele ʻia ma ke poʻo ma o nā laina wahie kaʻawale.

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini diesel

No ke aha i makemake ai nā mea hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana diesel? ʻO ka mea mua, hāʻawi kēia mau ʻenekini i kahi moʻomeheu hana maikaʻi loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie haʻahaʻa (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāpana puhi ahi). ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i ka horsepower maikaʻi loa, akā hana lākou i ka torque kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaka ia ma nā māmā māmā haʻahaʻa, no laila hiki ke mālama i nā ʻāpana i kēia mau ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka pae rev. ʻO nā ʻenekini kaʻa maʻamau a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka injection diesel he lōʻihi loa.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail - pehea ka ʻokoʻa mai kona mau mua?

I nā ʻenekini diesel i hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa, ua hana nā injectors ma lalo o ka mana o ka paila injection. ʻO kekahi mau mea ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia nā injectors pump, i hui pū ʻia me nā pistons nona ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ke kaomi wahie. He ʻokoʻa ka hana ʻana o ke kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau a hoʻohana i kahi kaʻaahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaʻaahi. I loko o ia mea, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka wahie ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa (ma luna o 2000 bar), a loaʻa ka ʻinikua ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona uila i hoʻopili ʻia i ka nozzle.

Common Rail - he aha ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻenekini?

He aha ka hopena o ia pōʻaiapuni o ka wahie i loko o ke keʻena kuni i ke kaʻa? Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi mai ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi wahie i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka cylinder. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka 2000 bar ma ka nozzle hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi noe wahie kokoke loa e hui pono me ka ea. ʻO ka mana uila o ka manawa hoʻokiʻekiʻe o ka nila e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā hana injection. He aha lākou?

ʻO ka mīkini kaʻaahi maʻamau a me ka manawa hoʻoheheʻe wahie

Loaʻa i nā ʻenekini kaʻa maʻamau o kēia wā ma kahi o 5 mau ʻanuʻu injection. I loko o nā ʻenekini ʻoi loa, aia he 8. He aha nā hopena o kēia ʻano hana wahie? ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka injection i nā ʻāpana e palupalu i ka hana o ka mīkini a hoʻopau i ke kīkē ʻano. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻopau pono i ka hui ʻana, e hopena i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenekini. Hoʻopuka pū ia i nā mea NOx liʻiliʻi, i hoʻopau ʻia i nā ʻenekini diesel ma nā ʻano like ʻole i nā makahiki.

Moolelo o na enekini kaaahi ma'amau

Ua hoʻokomo mua ʻia nā ʻenekini hoʻokele kaʻa maʻamau i nā kaʻa kaʻa e Fiat. ʻO kēia nā ʻāpana JTD i hōʻailona ʻia i kū i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu Euro 3. ʻOiai he ʻenekini hou ia, ua hana maikaʻi ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia i ka hilinaʻi. I kēia lā, ua waiwai nui nā ʻāpana 1.9 JTD a me 2.4 JTD i ka mākeke lua, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ma mua o 24 mau makahiki i hala mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka Common Rail Fiat mua.

Kaʻaahi maʻamau i nā ʻenekini kaʻa

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo Fiat ka mea hana mua ma ka honua i hoʻokumu i kahi kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau. Ua hana ʻia kēia kaʻa e ka brand Hino. He hui Kepani keia e hana ana i na kaa a malalo o Toyota. I loko o kāna ʻano hoʻohālike ʻo Ranger, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi 7,7-lita (!) Unit, kahi, mahalo i ka injection hou, i hana ʻia he 284 hp. Ua hoʻokomo ka poʻe Kepani i kēia kaʻa i ka makahiki 1995 a ua lanakila ʻo Fiat i 2 mau makahiki.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Direct Rail Diesel a me ka maikaʻi o ka wahie

Ma ʻaneʻi e hōʻike ʻia ai kekahi o nā hemahema o kēia ʻano hoʻolālā. He kūlana kiʻekiʻe kēia o nā injectors i ka maikaʻi o ka wahie. ʻO nā mea haumia liʻiliʻi loa i hiki ʻole i ka kānana wahie ke hoʻopaʻa i nā lua. A ʻo kēia nā ʻāpana microscopic, no ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻoikaika ke kaomi o ka wahie i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā perforations o ka nui nui. No laila, kēlā me kēia mea nona ke kaʻa me Common Rail, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i ka wahie diesel ma nā kahua i hōʻoia ʻia. Pono ʻoe e makaʻala me ka sulfation wahie kiʻekiʻe, kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā injectors.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail i ka ʻenekini a me kona mau hemahema

ʻO kekahi o nā hemahema a mākou i haʻi mua ai, ʻo kēia ʻano o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka wahie i ka mīkini e koi iā ʻoe e kūʻai i ka wahie kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma nā ʻāpana mana me nā ʻōnaehana wahie ʻē aʻe, koi pinepine ʻia kahi hoʻololi kānana wahie i kēlā me kēia 2 a i ʻole 3 hoʻololi aila mīkini. Me Common Rail, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kali i kēlā lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o ka mālama aila, no ka mea, kokoke i kēlā me kēia manawa e pono ai ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi kānana hou.

Nā Koina Hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā Koina Hoʻopaʻa ʻia

ʻO kēia kekahi kumu e mālama pono ai ʻoe i ka maikaʻi o ka wahie ma kēia mau diesel. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana, me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā injectors kaʻa maʻamau, ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 10 euros i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Inā pono kahi pani, e pōʻino ʻoe i loko o kahi pīhoihoi maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi kope hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 euros. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili ia i ke ʻano kaʻa kūikawā. I ka hihia ʻino loa, pono ʻoe e uku no nā ʻāpana 4. No nā mīkini V6 a i ʻole V8, piʻi ka nui e like me ia.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā injectors alahao maʻamau?

He hoihoi nui kēia nīnau i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā kaʻa mai ka mākeke lua. ʻAʻohe mea maʻamau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, makemake lākou e kūʻai i kaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻaʻole pono e koi hou i ka injection. Manaʻo nā mea hana e uhi nā Common Rail injectors ma kahi o 200-250 tausani mau kilomita me ka ʻole o ka haki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mau koho kēia a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pili iā lākou. No nā kaʻa he nui, ua hala lōʻihi kēia mileage, a ʻaʻohe mau hōʻailona o ka haki. Ma nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki mai ma hope o 100 XNUMX a i ʻole ka mile mile, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i hoʻokahi nozzle a i ʻole ka hoʻonohonoho holoʻokoʻa.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka pōʻino i nā injectors kaʻa maʻamau?

ʻAʻole maʻalahi e like me nā ʻano ʻāpana kahiko. Nui nā ʻōnaehana hou e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o nā kinoea hoʻopau (me DPF). Mālama kēia ʻōnaehana i ka nui o nā kinoea hoʻopau i ka holo ʻana i waho. No laila, hiki i ka injector kaʻa maʻamau leaky ke hoʻonui i ka hana uahi. Ma nā kaʻa me ka DPF ʻole, he hōʻailona paha kēia o kahi injector pōʻino. ʻO kekahi hōʻailona weliweli ka paʻakikī e hoʻomaka i ka mīkini Common Rail ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻole ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kūlana hoʻoilo. Hoʻololi ka hana o ka ʻāpana, a ʻo ke kaʻa ponoʻī e hoʻopuka i nā haʻalulu ikaika a me ka leo kūlohelohe. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi pane maopopo ʻole ma ka nānā ʻana no ka overflow a i ʻole diagnostics i ka lawelawe.

Pehea e mālama ai i nā injectors kaʻa maʻamau i loko o kahi mīkini? E hoʻohana wale i ka wahie i hōʻoia ʻia, e hoʻololi mau i ka kānana wahie, a mai hoʻāʻo me nā huahana wai "hana mana" i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻōla hou nā injectors. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻohana ke kūʻē i kā lākou kumu i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kāu nozzles e hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola a hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.