Piha piha i nā manaʻo - nā kaikunāne Michelin
ʻO ka hopohopo ʻo Michelin, kahi mea hana paʻa Palani kaulana, me. no ka Formula 1, ʻaʻole ia e ala mai inā ʻaʻole no kahi kūlana kūikawā o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i kahi hui ikaika, ʻo nā kaikunāne ʻo Edouard lāua ʻo André Michelin (1), he mau hoʻolālā ʻoihana like ʻole, akā mahalo i ka ʻoihana kaʻa i loaʻa iā lākou ka kūleʻa kālā.
ʻO ka hiapo o nā kaikunāne ʻO André Jules Aristide Michelin (hānau ʻia 1853), puka mai ka École Centrale Paris kahi i loaʻa ai ke kēkelē ʻenekinia ma 1877, a wehe i kahi hui kila ma Paris. Junior Edward (hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1859) ma muli o ka wāwae o kona makuakāne, ʻO Julius Michelinka mea i hana ma ka dute, a i kona manawa kaawale i hana i ka pena a me ka lithography. Ua aʻo ʻo Edward i ke kānāwai e kākoʻo iā ia iho a ʻo kona makemake i ka pena ʻana ma ka École des Beaux-Arts ma Paris.
I kona hoʻāʻo ʻana i kona lima ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi ʻāina i ka makahiki 1886, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi leka manaʻo nui mai kahi ʻanakē i noi iā ia e lawe a mālama i ka ʻoihana ʻohana ma Clermont-Ferrand. ʻO ka hui, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1832 e ke kupuna kāne o nā kaikunāne Michelin, aia ma kahi o ka panakalupa. Ua nalowale ka hui. ʻOiai he kūlana maikaʻi kona maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā mīkini mahiʻai o ka hale hana. Pane akula ʻo Edward "ʻae", akā ua huli ʻo ia i kona kaikunāne no ke kōkua. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Andre i ʻike i nā mīkini, akā loaʻa pū kekahi ʻoihana ʻoihana. Ua wehewehe maopopo ʻia kā lākou hoʻolālā e mālama i nā waiwai ʻohana - pono lākou e ʻimi i nā manawa kūʻai hou.
Ma ka ʻoihana ʻohana, me nā aie, ua hoʻoilina nā kaikunāne Michelin ka mea huna o ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau mai ka lāʻaua ʻo ke koi ʻana i nā huahana lāʻau i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā paikikala. No laila ua hoʻoholo lākou e hoʻāʻo i ko lākou lima ma kēia ʻoihana. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ke kālā kūpono mai ko lākou ʻanakē a hoʻololi i ka inoa o ka ʻoihana ʻohana. A ma 1986 Michelin et Cie.
Nā hopena o ke kipa ʻana o kahi kaʻa kaʻa pōʻino
Eia naʻe, paʻakikī ka hoʻomaka ʻana, a ʻo Michelin wale nō kekahi o nā hui liʻiliʻi e hoʻokūkū nei me ka mea nui nāna i haku a hoʻomohala i ka hana vulcanization i ka makahiki 1839. Ua kōkua ʻia ka poʻe Farani e ka hui pū ʻana o nā kūlana.
I kekahi ahiahi punawai i ka makahiki 1889, ua kipa aku oia i ko lakou hale hana. kaʻa paikikalaka mea pa'a ka huila ma ka huaka'i. Aia ma luna o kāna kaʻa kaʻa he pūʻulu o nā mea hou nā huila pneumatic i hoʻolālā ʻia e ka mea kālepa Scottish ʻo John Boyd Dunlop. Pono nā limahana Michelin e hana ikaika no kekahi mau hola e hoʻoponopono i nā kaʻa paʻa. Nā huila Dunlop no ka mea, pili lākou i nā rim, e paʻakikī iā lākou e wehe a hoʻoponopono.
I ka hiki ʻana mai, ua hāʻawi iki ʻo Edward. paikikala hou. Ua hauʻoli loa ʻo ia i ka maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki o ka huila i piha i ka ea. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia i kona kaikunāne i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa no kēia ʻano kaʻa, a e lilo koke nā huila pneumatic i ʻoi aku ka kaulana ma mua o nā huila paʻa paʻa liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia ʻo "arrays" i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā manawa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka huila Dunlop pono e hoʻololi iki.
ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1891, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka huila hoʻololi mua me ka paipu i loko, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo collapsible tire. Ua hoʻohana lākou i kahi hui hou o ka rim huila a me ka huila me kahi wili liʻiliʻi a me nā wili. Ua paʻa kēia i nā mea huila. Inā he puncture, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi huila hou he 15 mau minuke wale nō, he mea ʻole i kēia lā, akā ua kipi ʻenehana maoli.
ʻO Michelin Palakila Ua hoʻoikaika maikaʻi lākou i kā lākou mea i hana ai. Poʻokela Kaʻikala Charles Terront Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke kaʻa kaʻa me nā huila Michelin i ka hui ʻo Paris-Brest-Paris i ka makahiki 1891. Ma kāna hana ʻāina, ua uhi ʻo Terron i 72 mau kilomita i XNUMX mau hola, e hoʻololi pinepine ana i nā kaila i ka wā o ka heihei. kaʻa kaʻa Michelin hoihoi a ua lilo ʻo Michelin i kekahi o nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana vulcanization, i hāʻawi mua wale ʻia kaʻa paikikala.
Ua hahai ʻo Edward lāua ʻo André. Ua hana lākou i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou mea hana. I ka makahiki 1895, ua hoʻomaka ko lākou Błyskawica - L'Éclair - i ka hui ʻo Paris-Bordeaux-Paris ma ke ʻano he kaʻa mua i lako me nā kaila pneumatic (2). Ua hoʻomaka nā kaikunāne Michelin e lanakila i ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa.
2. ʻO nā kaikunāne Michelin e hoʻokele ana iā L'Eclair me nā huila pneumatic mua i ka heihei mai Palisa a Bordeaux - hoʻopuka helu.
Pono lākou i ka hoʻolaha kūpono i ka ʻoihana hou. Manaʻo hana He kanaka kaulana ʻo Michelin ua hānau ʻia i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ka mea pena kiʻi ʻāina ʻo Edouard. Ma ka General and Colonial Exhibition ma Lyon i ka makahiki 1898, ua huki ʻia ka manaʻo o ʻEdouard i kahi puʻu o nā kaila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kekahi. Ua hoʻoikaika kēia ʻike iā ia e hana mascot hui.
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke kanaka bibendum kaulana e Marius Rossillon, O'Galop. ʻO ke kala keʻokeʻo o nā kaila i hana i ka silhouette Bibendum ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino. ʻAʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 1905 i ʻike ai ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa Pelekane ʻo C. K. Mout i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana vulcanization me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele i hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau. Ma mua o kēia ʻike ʻia ʻana, ua keʻokeʻo nā huila no nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa, e like me ke kanaka Michelin.
Ke alakaʻi a me ka hana hou
3. ʻO ke alakaʻi Michelin mua i ka makahiki 1900.
Ke ʻimi nei ka hui i nā manaʻo hou e hopu ai i nā inoa nui loa i ka ʻoihana kaʻa - Goodyear, Firestone a me Continental. I ka makahiki 1900, hele mai ʻo André Alakaʻi Michelin (3). ʻO ka Michelin Red Book of Motorists, i paʻi ʻia no ka manawa mua ma ka manawa o ka World Expo ma Paris, aia kahi papa inoa lōʻihi o nā kūlanakauhale Farani me nā helu wahi o nā wahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kū, ʻai, hoʻoulu i ke kinoea a hoʻoponopono paha i kāu kaʻa. Aia i loko o ka puke nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi hoʻoponopono a hoʻololi i nā kaila Michelin.
ʻO ka manaʻo o kahi hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ma kēia ʻano i hoʻololi ʻia e like me ke akamai i kona maʻalahi. Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hoʻokele 35 kope manuahi alakaʻi ʻulaʻula. I ka makahiki 1906, ua hoʻonui ʻo Michelin i ka poʻe hana ma ka hale kanu Clermont-Ferrand i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā tausani kānaka, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope ua wehe ʻia ka hale hana paʻa huila Michelin mua ma Turin.
ʻO nā kaikunāne ʻo Eduard lāua ʻo Andre i hōʻike ʻia he mau haku o ke kālepa, akā ʻaʻole lākou i poina i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hana hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻoihana a hiki i kēia lā. (4). I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua nīnau ʻia kahi hōkū Michelin, i ʻaʻahu ʻia i kahi kaila hou me kahi hehi studded, i nīnau i nā mea hoʻokele inā ʻike lākou i ke kumu o ka paheʻe ʻole? Hāʻawi ʻia ka papa Michelin ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana a me ka paʻa paʻa. Ua hauʻoli ka poʻe hoʻokele Farani a hoʻololi nui i nā huila. A helu nā kaikunāne Michelin i nā waiwai.
4. ʻO Michelin Modern Concept Tires a me ka Bibendum Man
I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua ʻae ke kapikala nui iā lākou e hana i ʻelua kaukani mokulele no ka pono o ka pūʻali Farani, kahi i kūkulu ai lākou i hoʻokahi haneli ma kā lākou uku ponoʻī. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mokulele Breguet-Michelin ma Clermont-Ferrand mai ke kahua sima mua o ka honua, i kūkulu ʻia e nā kaikunāne Michelin. I kekahi mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua, ua hoihoi lākou i ka mokulele a hoʻokumu i kahi makana Michelin kūikawā a me ka Michelin Cup i ka hoʻokūkū no nā pailaka Farani.
I ka makahiki 1923, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Michelin i nā kaila ʻoluʻolu i nā mea hoʻokele. huiki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa mua (2,5 bar), i hāʻawi maikaʻi i ka paʻa a me ka cushioning. Ua ulu ka waiwai o ka brand Michelin a ua lilo ka hui i mana no nā miliona o nā mea hoʻokele.
I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou kūlana ma ka mākeke, ua hoʻolauna nā kaikunāne Michelin i ka hōkū kaulana i ka makahiki 1926, a ua lilo koke ia i makana nui a makemake nui ʻia no nā hōkele a me nā hale ʻaina. Ua make ʻo André Michelin i ka makahiki 1931, ʻo Edouard Michelin i ka makahiki 1940. I ka makahiki 1934, ua loaʻa i ka ʻohana Michelin ka hale hana kaʻa Citroën Farani, i hoʻopau ʻia. Ua mālama ʻia kahi hapaha miliona o nā hana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā koi o nā mea ʻaiʻē a me nā tausani o nā mea mālama liʻiliʻi. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Edward lāua ʻo André i kā lāua mau mamo i kahi aupuni ikaika i hala lōʻihi e lilo i hui huila.
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