Pūnaehana anti-aircraft Sosna

Pine ma ka huakaʻi. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo optical-electronic, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā uhi metala e pale ana i nā lens mai ka pahu kinoea o ka ʻenekini rocket. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā paepae lana i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka BMP-2 ma luna o nā ala.

I ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua puka mai kahi papa hou o nā mokulele kaua. ʻO kēia nā kaʻa hoʻouka kaua i hoʻolālā ʻia e kākoʻo i ko lākou mau pūʻali koa ma ka laina mua, a me ke kaua ʻana i nā pūʻali koa honua. Mai ka manaʻo o kēia lā, ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi ko lākou pono, akā ua hōʻike lākou i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pōʻino - ʻo ia kekahi o nā mīkini mua me kahi ʻano metala. Ua hoʻi ka mea paʻa moʻolelo i kona kahua mokulele maoli me ka aneane 200 kiʻi.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe stormtroopers mai ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻōlelo hōʻoia a Hans-Ulrich Rudl no ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pahu he XNUMX e manaʻo ʻia he hoʻonui nui. I kēlā manawa, no ka pale ʻana iā lākou, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pū mīkini koʻikoʻi a me nā pū liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi anti-aircraft, kahi i manaʻo ʻia he ala maikaʻi no ka hakakā ʻana i nā helikopter a me nā mokulele lele haʻahaʻa. Ke ulu nei ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kaua ea a i ka honua. I kēia manawa, hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā missiles alakaʻi a me nā gliders mai kahi mamao aku ma mua o ke ʻano o nā pū liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia i nā missiles e hiki mai ana. No laila, pono nā pūʻali o ka honua i nā mea kaua anti-aircraft me kahi ākea ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā mea kaua kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia hana e nā pū anti-aircraft medium-caliber me nā pōkā hou a i ʻole nā ​​missiles surface-to-air.

Ma ka Soviet Union, ua hāʻawi nui ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka ea o nā pūʻali honua, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāna mau ʻāpana he nui: ʻo ka pale pololei he 2-3 km o ke ahi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka laina o ka pale kaua o ka ʻāina e 50 km a ʻoi aku paha, a ma waena o kēia mau mea nui he hoʻokahi " papa waena”. ʻO ka echelon mua he mau pū māhoe a me quadruple 14,5 mm ZPU-2/ZU-2 a me ZPU-4, a laila 23 mm ZU-23-2 pū a me nā puʻu lawe lima mua (9K32 Strela-2, 9K32M "Strela- 2M"), ʻo ka lua - nā mea hoʻokuʻu rocket 9K31 / M "Strela-1 / M" me kahi kiʻi kiʻi a hiki i 4200 m a me nā puʻupuʻu hoʻoneʻe ponoʻī ZSU-23-4 "Shilka". Ma hope mai, ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Strela-1 e nā complexes 9K35 Strela-10 me kahi kiʻi ahi a hiki i 5 km a me nā koho no kā lākou hoʻomohala ʻana, a, i ka hopena, i ka 80s mua, 2S6 Tunguska i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā puʻu puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu me ʻelua 30 - mm mau pu pu. pū māhoe a me ʻewalu mau mea hoʻolele rocket me ka laulā o 8 km. ʻO ka papa aʻe he mau pū i hoʻolalelale ʻia ʻo 9K33 Osa (ma hope 9K330 Tor), ʻo ka mea aʻe - 2K12 Kub (ma hope 9K37 Buk), a ʻo ka laulā nui loa ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana 2K11 Krug, i pani ʻia i ka 80s e 9K81 S-300V.

ʻOiai ua holomua a maikaʻi ka Tunguska, ua lilo ia i mea paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana a me ke kumukūʻai, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻololi piha i nā hui mua Shilka / Strela-10, e like me ia i nā hoʻolālā kumu. Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā missiles no Strela-10 i nā manawa he nui (9M37 kumu, hoʻonui ʻia 9M37M / MD a me 9M333), a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻololi iā lākou me nā missiles 9M39 o nā kits portable 9K38 Igla. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou laulā me 9M37/M, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā missiles i mākaukau no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, akā ua hoʻokaʻawale kēia hoʻoholo i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao - ka hopena o ke poʻo kaua. ʻAe, ʻoi aku ka paona o ka pale kaua Igla ma mua o ʻelua mau manawa ma mua o nā missiles 9M37 / M Strela-10 - 1,7 versus 3 kg. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka manaʻo o ka paʻi ʻana i kahi pahu hopu wale nō e ka naʻau a me ka noise immunity o ka mea ʻimi, akā me ka pono o ke poʻo kaua, e ulu ana e like me ka square o kona nui.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana ʻana i kahi missile hou o ka ʻāpana nui 9M37 o ka paʻakikī Strela-10 i ka wā Soviet. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa he ala ʻokoʻa o ke kuhikuhi ʻana. Ua hoʻoholo ka pūʻali Soviet, ʻoiai i ka hihia o nā missiles anti-aircraft māmā, ʻo ka hoʻi ʻana i kahi kumu wela he ʻano "kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe" - ʻaʻole hiki ke wānana i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai ka ʻenemi i kahi hanauna hou o nā hāmeʻa jamming e alakaʻi ʻia ai. ʻaʻole pono loa nā missile. Ua hana kēia me nā missiles 9M32 o ka 9K32 Strela-2 complex. I ka huli ʻana o nā makahiki 60 a me 70 ma Vietnam, ua maikaʻi loa lākou, i ka makahiki 1973 i ka Middle East ua hōʻike lākou i ke ʻano kūpono, a ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki ua hāʻule ko lākou hopena i aneane ʻaʻole, ʻoiai i ka hihia o ka missile 9M32M i hoʻonui ʻia. hoʻonoho iā Strela- 2M. Eia kekahi, aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka honua: ka mana radio a me ke alakaʻi laser. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka mea mua no nā rockets ʻoi aku ka nui, akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa, e like me ka puhi puhi lawe lima Pelekane. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ke alakaʻi ma ka lāʻau alakaʻi laser ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Swedish RBS-70. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea hope loa i ka USSR, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 9M33 Osa a me 9M311 Tunguska missiles i loaʻa i ke alakaʻi kauoha radio. ʻO nā ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi missile i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi hoʻolālā pale ea pae nui e hoʻopiʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻenemi.