ʻO ka pahu hoʻokipa T-II "Lux"
ʻO ka pahu hoʻokipa T-II "Lux"Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf.L 'Luchs' (Sd.Kfz.123)
Hana ʻia ka hull o ka pahu me ka ʻole o ka manaʻo kūpono o nā pā kaua. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pū kī 20-mm me ka lōʻihi o ka barela o 55 calibers i loko o ka turret multifaceted me ka mask cylindrical. Ua hana pū ʻia kahi mea puhi ahi (kaʻa kūikawā 122) ma ke kumu o kēia pahu. ʻO ka pahu Lux kahi kaʻa ʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka hiki ke hele ma waho o ke alanui, akā ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea kaua a me nā mea kaua, ua kaupalena ʻia kona hiki ke kaua. Ua hana ʻia ka pahu mai Kepakemapa 1943 a Ianuali 1944. I ka huina, 100 mau pahu kaʻa i hana ʻia, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana reconnaissance tank o nā tank a me nā māhele kaʻa.
I Iulai 1934, ua hoʻopuka ka "Waffenamt" (nā mea kaua) i kahi kauoha no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi pūkuniahi 20-mm ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 10 tons. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1935, ua hōʻike aku kekahi mau ʻoihana, me Krupp AG, MAN (chassis wale nō), Henschel & Son (chassis wale nō) a me Daimler-Benz, i nā prototypes o ka Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper 100 (LaS 100) - kahi tractor mahiʻai. ʻO nā prototypes o nā mīkini mahiʻai i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo kaua. ʻIke ʻia kēia tractor ma lalo o nā inoa 2 cm MG "Panzerwagen" a me (VK 6222) (Versuchkraftfahrzeug 622). ʻO ka tractor, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Panzerkampfwagen light tank, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokō i ka pahu Panzerkampfwagen I ma ke ʻano he kaʻa ʻoi aku ka ikaika i hiki ke kiʻi i nā mea kaua a me nā pū puhi ahi. ʻO Krupp ka mea mua i hōʻike i kahi prototype. ʻO ke kaʻa he mana nui o ka pahu LKA I (kahi prototype o ka pahu Krupp Panzerkampfwagen I) me nā mea kaua i hoʻonui ʻia. ʻAʻole kūpono ka mīkini Krupp i ka mea kūʻai. Ua koho ʻia ke koho i kahi chassis i hoʻomohala ʻia e MAN a me kahi kino Daimler-Benz. I ʻOkakopa 1935, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka prototype mua, ʻaʻole mai ke kapa kila, akā mai ke kila kila. Ua kauoha ʻo Waffenamt i ʻumi mau pahu LaS 100. Mai ka hopena o 1935 a hiki i Mei 1936, ua hoʻopau ʻo MAN i ke kauoha ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ʻumi o nā kaʻa i koi ʻia.
ʻO ka prototype o ka pahu LaS 100 firm "Krupp" - LKA 2 Mahope mai ua loaa ia lakou ka inoa Ausf.al. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pahu "Panzerkampfwagen" II (Sd.Kfz.121) ma mua o "Panzerkampfwagen" I, akā naʻe, ua noho mau i kaʻa māmā, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā tankers ma mua o nā hana kaua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano waena i ka kali ʻana i ke komo ʻana i ka lawelawe o nā tank Panzerkampfwagen III a me Panzerkampfwagen IV. E like me ka Panzerkampfwagen I, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka Panzerkampfwagen II ka hopena hakakā kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka pahu nui o ka Panzerwaffe ma 1940-1941. ʻO ka nāwaliwali mai ka manaʻo o ka mīkini pūʻali koa, he hana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hana ʻana i nā pahu kaʻa ikaika. Ma nā lima maikaʻi, ʻo kahi pahu kukui maikaʻi he kaʻa ʻike maikaʻi. E like me nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ka chassis o ka pahu Panzerkampfwagen II i kumu no ka nui o nā hoʻololi ʻana, me ka pahu pahu pahu Marder II, ka Vespe self-propelled howitzer, ka Fiammpanzer II Flamingo (Pz.Kpf.II(F)) flamethrower tank, ʻo ka pahu amphibious a me nā mea hoʻokele ponoʻī "Sturmpanzer" II "Bison".
ʻO keʻano ʻO ka mea kaua o ka tank Panzerkampfwagen II i manaʻo ʻia he nāwaliwali loa, ʻaʻole ia i pale aku i nā ʻāpana a me nā pōkā. ʻO Armament, he pūkuniahi 20-mm, ua manaʻo ʻia he kūpono i ka manawa i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ke kaʻa i ka lawelawe, akā ua lilo koke i mea kahiko. Hiki i nā pūpū o kēia pū ke pā wale i nā pahuhopu maʻamau, pale kaua. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o Farani, ua aʻo ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pahu Panzerkampfwagen II me nā pū Farani 37 mm SA38, akā ʻaʻole i hala nā mea ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo. ʻO nā pahu "Panzerkampfwagen" Ausf.A / I - Ausf.F i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā pū aunoa KwK30 L / 55, i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumu o ka pū anti-aircraft FlaK30. ʻO ka nui o ke ahi o ka pū KwK30 L / 55 he 280 pōʻai i kēlā me kēia minuke. Ua hui pū ʻia ka pū mīkini Rheinmetall-Borzing MG-34 7,92 mm me ka pū. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pū i ka mask ma ka hema, ka pū mīkini ma ka ʻākau.
Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka pū me nā koho like ʻole no ka ʻike optical TZF4. I ka hoʻololi mua ʻana, aia kahi puka aliʻi ma ka hale o ka turret, i pani ʻia e ka turret i nā mana hope. Hoʻopili ʻia ka turret ponoʻī i ka hema e pili ana i ke axis longitudinal o ka hull. I loko o ke keʻena hakakā, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pūpū 180 i loko o nā ʻāpana o 10 mau ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia a me 2250 pahu pahu no kahi pū mīkini (17 lipine i loko o nā pahu). Ua hoʻolako ʻia kekahi mau pahu pahu me nā mea hoʻolele grenade uahi. ʻO ka poʻe o ka pahu "Panzerkampfwagen" II he ʻekolu mau kānaka: ka luna / pū, ka mea hoʻokele / radio a me ka mea hoʻokele. Noho ka luna i ka hale kiaʻi, kū ka mea lawe ukana ma ka papahele o ke keʻena kaua. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o ke alakaʻi a me ke kalaiwa ma o ka paipu ʻōlelo. ʻO nā mea lekiō me kahi mea hoʻokipa FuG5 VHF a me kahi mea hoʻouna 10-watt. ʻO ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi lekiō i hāʻawi i ka moku lawe moku Kelemania i ka lanakila ma mua o ka ʻenemi. ʻO ka "ʻelua" mua he'āpana poʻe mua o ka hull, ma nā kaʻa hope loa i kūkuluʻia nā papa kaua o luna a me lalo i kahi kihi o nā degere 70. ʻO ka nui o ka pahu kinoea o nā pahu mua he 200 liters, e hoʻomaka me ka hoʻololi Ausf.F, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahu me ka mana o 170 liters. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā pahu e holo ana i ʻApelika ʻĀkau me nā kānana a me nā mea pā, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka pōkole "Tr" (tropical) i ko lākou inoa. I ka wā o ka hana, nui nā "ʻelua" i hoʻopau ʻia, a ʻo ka mea nui, ua kau ʻia ka pale pale kaua ma luna o lākou.
ʻO ka hoʻololi hope loa o ka pahu "Panzerkamprwagen" II ʻo ia ka "Lux" - "Panzerkampfwagen" II Auf.L (VK 1303, Sd.Kfz.123). Ua hana ʻia kēia pahu hoʻomaʻamaʻa māmā e ka MAN a me Henschel ʻoihana (ma nā mea liʻiliʻi) mai Kepakemapa 1943 a Ianuali 1944. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i nā kaʻa 800, akā 104 wale nō i kūkulu ʻia (ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻikepili ma nā pahu 153 i kūkulu ʻia), nā helu chassis 200101-200200. ʻO ka hui MAN ke kuleana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hull, ʻo ka hui ʻo Daimler-Benz ka hull a me ka turret superstructures. ʻO "Lux" kahi hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pahu VK 901 (Ausf.G) a ʻokoʻa mai kona mua i kahi hull a me chassis hou. Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka pahu me kahi mīkini 6-cylinder Maybach HL66P a me kahi hoʻoili ZF Aphon SSG48. ʻO ka nui o ka pahu he 13 tons. Ke holo nei ma ke alaloa - 290 km. ʻEhā mau kānaka o ka pahu pahu: ka luna, ka pū, ka mea hoʻokele lekiō a me ke kalaiwa. ʻO nā mea lekiō me kahi mea hoʻokipa FuG12 MW a me kahi mea hoʻouna 80W. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā poʻe holo moku ma o kahi pahu intercom.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu hoʻomaʻamaʻa māmā "Lux" ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina a me ke komohana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā pūʻali koa hoʻonaninani o ka Wehrmacht a me nā pūʻali SS. Ua loaʻa i nā pahu kaʻa i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻouna ʻia i ka Hikina Hikina. Ua lako ʻia kekahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā kaʻa me nā lako radio hou. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻolako i nā pahu Luks me nā pūkuniahi 50 mm KWK39 L/60 (ka mea kaua maʻamau o ka tank VK 1602 Leopard), akā he ʻano ʻokoʻa wale nō me ka pūkuniahi 20 mm KWK38 L/55 me ka nui o ke ahi o 420-480. hana ʻia nā pōʻai i kēlā me kēia minuke. Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka pū me kahi ʻike maka o TZF6. Aia ka ʻike, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia, ʻo 31 mau pahu Lux i loaʻa naʻe he 50-mm Kwk39 L / 60 mau pū. Ua manaʻo ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaʻa hoʻokuʻu kaua "Bergepanzer Luchs", akā ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia kahi ARV. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka papahana o kahi pu anti-aircraft self-propelled e pili ana i ka chassis lōʻihi o ka pahu Luks. VK 1305. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka ZSU e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me hoʻokahi pū anti-aircraft 20-mm a i ʻole 37-mm Flak37.
Hoʻohana. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo "Twos" e komo i ka pūʻali i ka pūnāwai o 1936 a noho i ka lawelawe me nā ʻāpana Kelemania o ka laina mua a hiki i ka hopena o 1942. Eia naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Anschluss o Austria a me ka noho ʻana o Czechoslovakia i lilo i mau hihia mua o ka hoʻohana kaua ʻana i nā kaʻa. Ma ke ʻano he pahu kaua nui, ua komo ka "ʻelua" i ke kaua Polani o Kepakemapa 1939. Ma hope o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i ka makahiki 1940-1941. Panzerwaffe, Panzerkampfwagen II nā kaʻa i komo i ka lawelawe me nā pūʻulu reconnaissance, ʻoiai ua hoʻomau ʻia lākou e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau pahu kaua nui. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa i hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai nā ʻāpana i ka makahiki 1942, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia nā pahu pahu Panzerkampfwagen II ma mua i ka makahiki 1943 pū kekahi. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o "ʻelua" ma ke kahua kaua i ka makahiki 1944, i ka wā o ka pae ʻana i Normandy, a i ka makahiki 1945 (ma 1945, 145 "ʻelua" i ka lawelawe).
ʻO 1223 Panzerkampfwagen II nā pahu i komo i ke kaua me Polani, i kēlā manawa ʻo "ʻelua" ka mea nui loa i ka panzerwaf. Ma Polani, ua nalowale nā pūʻali koa Kelemania he 83 mau pahu kaʻa Panzerkampfwagen II. 32 o lākou - i nā kaua ma nā alanui o Warsaw. He 18 wale nō kaʻa i komo i ka noho ʻana ma Norewai. Ua mākaukau ʻo 920 "ʻelua" e komo i ka blitzkrieg ma ke Komohana. I ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā pūʻali koa Kelemania i nā Balkans, 260 mau pahu kaʻa i komo. No ke komo ʻana i ka Operation Barbarossa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pahu kaʻa he 782, kahi helu nui o ia mau mea i lilo i mau pōʻino o nā kaʻa Soviet a me nā pū. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu kaʻa Panzerkampfwagen II ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau a hiki i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana o ka Africa Corps i ka makahiki 1943. ʻO nā hana a nā "ʻelua" ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau i lilo i mea kūleʻa loa ma muli o ke ʻano manuverable o nā hakakā a me ka nāwaliwali o nā mea kaua anti-tank a ka ʻenemi. ʻO 381 wale nō kaʻa kaʻa i komo i ke kauwela o nā pūʻali koa Kelemania ma ka Hikina Hikina.
Ma Operation Citadel, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. 107 pahu. Ma ka lā 1 o ʻOkakopa, 1944, ua loaʻa i nā pūʻali koa Kelemania he 386 mau pahu kaʻa Panzerkampfwagen II. ʻO nā pahu "Panzerkampfwagen" II pū kekahi me nā pūʻali koa o nā ʻāina i hui pū me Kelemania: Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania a me Hungary. I kēia manawa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pahu Panzerkampfwagen II Lux ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Tank Pelekane ma Bovington, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Munster ma Kelemānia, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Belgrade a ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Aberdeen Proving Ground ma USA, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Tank Farani ma Samyur, hoʻokahi pahu. ma Rusia ma Kubinka. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona tactical a me nā ʻenehana o ka pahu "Lux"
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Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pahu e MAN i ka makahiki 1939 e pani i ka pahu T-II. I Kepakemapa 1943, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka pahu hou i ka hana nui. Ma ke ʻano, he hoʻomau ia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pahu T-II. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i nā laʻana mua ma kēia mīkini, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā huila alanui ma lalo o ke kaʻa, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā wili kākoʻo a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā fender kiʻekiʻe. Ua hana ʻia ka pahu e like me ka hoʻolālā maʻamau no nā kaʻa Kelemania: aia ka ʻāpana mana ma hope, ʻo ke keʻena kaua ma ka waena, a ʻo ke keʻena hoʻomalu, nā huila hoʻoili a me nā huila i mua.
