ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ikehu a me ka mana ...

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka torque a me ka mana he nīnau i nīnau ʻia e nā poʻe hoihoi. A hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau ʻikepili ʻelua i waena o nā mea i aʻo ʻia i nā pepa ʻikepili ʻenehana o kā mākou kaʻa. No laila, he mea hoihoi ia e noʻonoʻo i kēlā, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea maopopo loa ...

ʻO ka mea mua, e wehewehe mākou ua hōʻike ka kāne iā lākou iho Newton. Mika a me ka ikaika i loko Mana Lio (ke kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka mīkini, no ka mea, hoʻohana ka ʻepekema a me ka makemakika Watt)

He ʻokoʻa maoli anei?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua, no ka mea pili lākou i kekahi i kekahi. Ua like ia me ka nīnau ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka palaoa a me ka palaoa. ʻAʻohe manaʻo nui, no ka mea, ʻo ka palaoa kekahi ʻāpana o ka berena. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā meaʻai i kekahi i kekahi (e like me ka wai a me ka palaoa i loko o kahi pine) ma mua o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kahi mea hoʻohui me kahi huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.

E ho'āʻo kāua e wehewehe i kēia mau mea a pau, akā i ka manawa like e hoʻomaopopo i nā kōkua mai kou ʻaoʻao (ma o nā manaʻo ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao) e hoʻokipa ʻia. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ala like ʻole e wehewehe ai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele e hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau manaʻo ʻelua.

ʻO ka mana ka hopena o ka hui ʻana (he ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻike wau ...) ka wikiwiki o ka rotational.

Ma ka makemakika, hāʻawi kēia i kēia:

( π X Torque ma Nm X Mode) / 1000/30 = Mana i kW (e unuhi i ka horsepower inā makemake mākou e loaʻa i kahi "manaʻo automotive hou aʻe").

Maanei mākou e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou he mea lapuwale.

Ke aʻo ʻana i ka torque / power curve

ʻAʻohe mea maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o kahi kaʻa uila e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka pilina ma waena o ka torque a me ka mana, a i ʻole pehea ka pilina ma waena o ka torque a me ka wikiwiki.

E ʻike i ke ʻano kūpono o ka pihi torque o kahi kaʻa uila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ma mua o ka pihi o ka mīkini wela. Maʻaneʻi keʻike nei mākou e hāʻawi mākou i ka torque mau a me ka nui loa i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kipi, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pihi mana. ʻO ke kūpono, ʻo ka nui o ka ikaika aʻu e kau ai i kahi axle wili, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka milo (a no laila ʻoi aku ka mana). Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka emi ʻana o ka torque (ke kaomi liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi i ka axle wili, e hoʻomau ana i ke kaomi ʻana), hoʻomaka ka pihi mana e emi (ʻoiai ke emi nei ka wikiwiki o ka rotation). Hoʻonui). ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka torque ka "acceleration force" a ʻo ka mana ka huina e hoʻohui i kēia ikaika a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana (angular velocity).

Hana nā kāne i nā mea a pau?

Hoʻohālikelike wale kekahi poʻe i nā kaʻa no kā lākou torque a kokoke paha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he hoʻopunipuni kēia ...

No ka laʻana, inā wau e hoʻohālikelike i kahi mīkini ʻaila e hoʻomohala i 350 Nm ma 6000 rpm me kahi mīkini diesel e hoʻomohala ana i 400 Nm ma 3000 rpm, manaʻo paha mākou ʻo ka diesel ka mea e loaʻa ai ka ikaika wikiwiki. ʻAe, ʻaʻole, akā e hoʻi mākou i ka hoʻomaka, ʻo ka mea nui ka mana! Pono e hoʻohana i ka mana wale nō e hoʻohālikelike i nā kaʻa (pono me nā pihi…No ka mea, ʻaʻole ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe!).

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ʻo ka torque e hōʻike wale ana i ka torque kiʻekiʻe loa, aia ka mana i ka torque a me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻenekini, no laila ua loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻike āpau (ʻo ka torque he hōʻailona hapa wale nō).

Inā mākou e hoʻi i kā mākou hiʻohiʻona, a laila hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he hiki ke haʻaheo ka diesel, e hāʻawi ana i 400 Nm ma 3000 rpm. Akā ʻaʻole pono e poina i ka 6000 rpm ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi aku ma mua o 100 Nm (e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki i ka aila ke hiki i 6000 tons), ʻoiai hiki i ka ʻaila ke hāʻawi i 350 Nm i kēlā wikiwiki. . Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, ke hoʻohālikelike nei mākou i kahi mīkini diesel 200 hp. me ka mīkini ʻaila 400 hp (nā helu i loaʻa mai nā torques i ʻōlelo ʻia) hoʻokahi a pālua.

Hoʻomanaʻo mau mākou ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka huli ʻana o kahi mea (a neʻe paha i mua), ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lawe ʻana i ka wikiwiki. No laila, ʻo kahi ʻenekini e hoʻomohala ana i ka torque koʻikoʻi i ka rpm kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana a me nā kumuwaiwai!

Wehewehe ma ka laʻana

Loaʻa iaʻu kahi manaʻo e hoʻāʻo a ʻike i nā mea āpau, me ka manaʻolana ʻaʻole ia he ʻino. Ua ho'āʻo paha ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka motika uila haʻahaʻa me kou mau manamana lima (pehi liʻiliʻi, ka moto uila i loko o ka pahu Mecano i kou wā liʻiliʻi, etc.).

Hiki iā ia ke milo wikiwiki (e ʻōlelo ʻo 240 rpm a i ʻole 4 mau ʻōpuni i kēlā me kēia kekona), hiki iā mākou ke hoʻōki maʻalahi me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino nui ʻana (e hahau liʻiliʻi inā loaʻa nā ʻūhā propeller). ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi kona torque a no laila kona wattage (pili kēia i nā kaʻa uila liʻiliʻi no nā mea pāʻani a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe).

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā ma ka wikiwiki like (240 rpm) ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻōki iā ia, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna torque, e alakaʻi pū ana i ka mana hope loa (ua pili nā mea ʻelua i ka makemakika, ua like ia me nā moku kamaʻilio). Aka, ua mau ka mama. No laila, ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka torque engine, hoʻonui wau i kona mana, no ka mea

ʻO ka wahine

X

ʻO ka wikiwiki rotational

= Ka mana... (kahi kumu hoʻomāmā maʻalahi e kōkua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana: Ua wehe ʻia ka Pi a me kekahi o nā mea hoʻololi i ʻike ʻia ma ka papa luna)

No laila, no ka mana i hāʻawi ʻia (e ʻōlelo 5W, akā ʻo wai ka mea mālama) hiki iaʻu ke loaʻa:

• He kaʻa e wili mālie (e laʻa. 1 hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia kekona) me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e kū me kou mau manamana lima (ʻaʻole ia e holo wikiwiki, akā ʻo kona torque kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi iā ia i ka ikaika nui)
• A i ʻole kahi kaʻa e holo ana ma ka 4 rpm akā me ka liʻiliʻi o ka torque. Maʻaneʻi, ua ukuʻia ka māmā haʻahaʻa e ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻawi ana i ka inertia. Akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana me kou mau manamana lima ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki.

Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻelua mau ʻenekini i ka mana like, akā ʻaʻole hana like (hiki mai ka mana ma nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻike nui ʻia ka laʻana no kēia, no ka mea, ua kaupalena ʻia ia i ka wikiwiki i hāʻawi ʻia. I ke kaʻa, hoʻololi ka wikiwiki i nā mea āpau. ka manawa, ka mea e ho'āla ai i ka mana kaulana a me ka torque curves manawa). Huli mālie kekahi a huli wikiwiki kekahi ... He ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi kēia ma waena o ka diesel a me ka ʻaila.

A ʻo ia ke kumu e holo ai nā kaʻa ma ka wahie diesel, no ka mea, he kiʻekiʻe ko ka diesel, i ka pōʻino o kona wikiwiki rotational (ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka wikiwiki engine). ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono e hiki ke neʻe i mua, ʻoiai he hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni koʻikoʻi loa, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i ka ʻenekini, e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻaila (pono ke piʻi i nā hale kiaʻi a pāʻani me ka puʻupuʻu e like me ka pupule). Hoʻouna ka diesel i ka torque kiʻekiʻe ma nā revs haʻahaʻa, e maʻalahi ai ka huki ʻana a hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i kahi kaʻa paʻa.

ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka mana, torque a me ka wikiwiki engine

Eia ka hoʻokomo ʻenehana i kaʻana like ʻia e kahi mea hoʻohana ma ka ʻāpana ʻōlelo. He mea kūpono iaʻu ke hoʻokomo pololei i loko o ka ʻatikala.

I ʻole e paʻakikī i ka pilikia me ka nui kino:

ʻO ka mana ka huahana o ka torque ma ka crankshaft a me ka wikiwiki crankshaft i nā radians / sec.

(E hoʻomanaʻo, no 2 mau kipi o ka crankshaft ma 6.28 ° aia 1 * pi radians = 360 radians.

No laila P = M * W

P -> mana ma [W]

M -> torque ma [Nm] (Newton mika)

W (omega) - ka wikiwiki angular i nā radians / sec W = 2 * Pi * F

Me ka Pi = 3.14159 a me F = ka wikiwiki o ka crankshaft i t / s.

Laʻana maʻamau

ʻEnekini torque M: 210 Nm

Ka māmā holo kaʻa: 3000 rpm -> alapine = 3000/60 = 50 rpm

W = 2 * pi * F = 2 * 3.14159 * 50 t / s = 314 radians / s

Au hope loa: P = M * W = 210 Nm * 314 rad / s = 65940 W = 65,94 kW

Hoʻololi i CV (horsepower) 1 hp = 736 W

Ma CV loaʻa iā mākou 65940 W / 736 W = 89.6 CV.

(E hoʻomanaʻo ʻo 1 horsepower ka mana maʻamau o ka lio e holo mau ana me ke kū ʻole (ma ka mechanics, kapa ʻia kēia mana helu).

No laila ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi kaʻa 150 hp, pono ia e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka mīkini i 6000 rpm me kahi torque e hoʻomau ʻia a hoʻemi iki paha i 175 Nm.

Mahalo i ka pahu pahu, kahi mea hoʻololi torque, a me ka ʻokoʻa, loaʻa iā mākou ka piʻi ʻana o ka torque ma kahi o 5 mau manawa.

No ka laʻana, i ka 1st gear, e hāʻawi ka ʻenekini torque ma ka crankshaft o 210 Nm i 210 Nm * 5 = 1050 Nm ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi huila ʻōlelo 30 cm, e hāʻawi kēia i ka ikaika huki o 1050 Nm / 0.3 m = 3500 Nm .

I ka physics F = m * a = 1 kg * 9.81 m / s2 = 9.81 N (a = 9.81 m / s2 1G)

No laila, pili ka 1 N me 1 kg / 9.81 m / s2 = 0.102 kg o ka ikaika.

3500 N * 0.102 = 357 kg ikaika e hoʻokuke i ke kaʻa i kahi pali pali.

Manaʻo wau e hoʻoikaika kēia mau wehewehe liʻiliʻi i kou ʻike i nā manaʻo o ka mana a me ka torque mechanical.