elima manawa ma ka maka
I ka hopena o 2020, ua mālama ʻia kekahi mau hanana ma nā kulanui a me nā kula, i hoʻopanee ʻia mai ... Malaki. ʻO kekahi o lākou ka "hoʻolauleʻa" o ka lā pi. I kēia manawa, i ka lā 8 o Dekemaba, ua hāʻawi au i kahi haʻiʻōlelo mamao ma ke Kulanui o Silesia, a ʻo kēia ʻatikala kahi hōʻuluʻulu o ka haʻiʻōlelo. Hoʻomaka ka pāʻina holoʻokoʻa i ka hola 9.42, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kaʻu haʻiʻōlelo no 10.28. No hea mai ia pololei? He mea maʻalahi: 3 manawa pi ma kahi o 9,42, a ʻo π i ka mana 2 ma kahi o 9,88, a ʻo ka hola 9 a hiki i ka mana 88 he 10 a hiki i ka 28 ...
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kēia helu, e hōʻike ana i ka ratio o ke anapuni o ka pōʻai i kona anawaena a i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo Archimedes mau (a me nā moʻomeheu ʻōlelo Kelemānia), hele mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (e nānā pū: ). 3.14 Malaki "Kaila ʻAmelika" ma 22:22, no laila ka manaʻo. ʻO Iulai 7 paha ka mea like me ka Polish no ka mea, ʻo ka hapa 14/XNUMX ma kahi o π maikaʻi, ʻo ia… ʻo Archimedes i ʻike mua. ʻAe, ʻo Malaki XNUMX ka manawa maikaʻi loa no nā hanana ʻaoʻao.
ʻO kēia mau ʻekolu a me ʻumikūmāhā haneli kekahi o nā leka makemakika liʻiliʻi i koe mai ke kula no ke ola. Ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau i ke ʻano o ia mea"elima manawa ma ka maka". Ua paʻa i loko o ka ʻōlelo a paʻakikī ke hōʻike ʻokoʻa a me ka lokomaikaʻi like. I koʻu nīnau ʻana ma ka hale kūʻai hoʻoponopono kaʻa i ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, noʻonoʻo ka mīkini a ʻōlelo: "ʻelima manawa ma kahi o ʻewalu haneli zlotys." Ua hoʻoholo wau e hoʻohana pono i ke kūlana. "Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe he manaʻo koʻikoʻi?". Ua manaʻo paha ka mekinika ua hewa au i ka lohe, no laila, ua ʻōlelo hou ʻo ia, "ʻAʻole au i ʻike pono i ka nui, akā ʻelima manawa i ka 800."
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He aha ia mea? Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "ʻaʻole" ma mua o ke Kaua Honua II, a waiho wau ma laila. ʻAʻole mākou e kamaʻilio nei me nā mele nui ʻole pono ʻole, ʻoiai makemake wau i ka manaʻo "ʻo ka moku gula e pume i ka hauʻoli." E nīnau i nā haumāna: He aha ke ʻano o kēia manaʻo? Akā, aia ka waiwai o kēia kikokikona ma kahi ʻē. ʻO ka helu o nā leka ma nā huaʻōlelo ma lalo nei nā huahelu o ka hoʻonui pi. E ʻike kākou:
Π 3,141592 653589 793238
I ka makahiki 1596, he kanaka ʻepekema Dutch no Kelemania Ludolph van Seulen helu ʻia ka waiwai o pi i 35 mau wahi decimal. A laila ua kahakaha ʻia kēia mau kiʻi ma kona lua kupapaʻu. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia i kahi mele i ka helu pi a i kā mākou Nobel laureate, ʻO Vislava Shimborska. Pīhoihoi ʻo Szymborska i ka non-periodicity o kēia helu a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻina o nā huahelu, e like me kā mākou helu kelepona. ʻOiai ua paʻa ka waiwai mua i kēlā me kēia helu irrational (e hoʻomanaʻo mākou mai ke kula), ʻo ka lua he ʻike makemakika hoihoi a paʻakikī ke hōʻoia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā polokalamu e hāʻawi ana: hāʻawi mai iaʻu i kāu helu kelepona a e haʻi wau iā ʻoe i hea ia i ka pi.
Ma kahi poepoe, ma laila ka hiamoe. Inā he loko poepoe ko mākou, a laila ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana a puni ma mua o ka ʻauʻau ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo e ʻauʻau mākou i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a i ʻelua mau manawa lohi ma mua o ka hala. Ua kaʻana like au i ka mooolelo honua 1,57m me ka mooolelo honua 100m. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, i nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻaneʻane like ka hopena a ʻo 100. ʻAuʻau mākou he 4,9 manawa lohi ma mua o ka holo. He ʻokoʻa loa ka hoe waʻa - akā he paʻakikī hoihoi. He moʻolelo lōʻihi loa.
I ka holo ʻana mai ka ʻAhaʻino alualu, ua holo ka Mea maikaʻi maikaʻi i ka loko. Holo ka mea ʻino ma kahakai a kali iā ia e hoʻokuʻu iā ia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, holo wikiwiki ʻo ia ma mua o nā lālani Dobry, a inā holo mālie ʻo ia, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o Dobry. No laila, ʻo ka manawa wale nō no ka hewa ke kiʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi mai ke kahakai - ʻaʻole he koho kūpono ke kī pololei mai ka revolver, no ka mea. Loaʻa i ka maikaʻi ka ʻike waiwai e makemake ai ʻo Evil e ʻike.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā aʻe. ʻauʻau ʻo ia ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka loko, e hoʻokokoke mālie ana i kahakai, akā e hoʻāʻo mau ana e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka ʻino, e holo maʻamau i ka hema, a laila i ka ʻākau. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ke kiʻi. E waiho i ke kūlana hoʻomaka o ka hewa ʻo Z1, a ʻo Dobre ka waena o ka loko. Ke neʻe ʻo Zly iā Z1, E holo ana o Dobro i D.1aia ʻo Bad i Z2, maikaʻi ma D2. E kahe ana ia ma ke ano zigzag, aka, e like me ka rula: e like me ka hiki mai Z. Eia naʻe, i kona neʻe ʻana mai ke kikowaena o ka loko, pono e neʻe ʻo Good i nā pōʻai nui a nui, a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia. e pili ana i ke kumu "e noho ma kela aoao o ka hewa." Ia manawa, hoe aku la ia me kona ikaika a hiki i uka, me ka manao aole e kaawale ka ino i ka loko. E holomua ana anei ka maikai?
ʻO ka pane e pili ana i ka wikiwiki e hiki ai iā Good ke hoe e pili ana i ka waiwai o nā wāwae o Bad. E manaʻo paha e holo ka ʻino i ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki o ke kanaka maikaʻi ma ka loko. No laila, ʻo ka pōʻai nui loa, kahi e hoe ai ʻo Good i mea e pale aku ai i ka hewa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka radius ma mua o ka radius o kahi loko. No laila, i ke kiʻi i loaʻa iā mākou. Ma ka lae W, hoomaka ko kakou Ano e hoe i kahakai. Pono kēia e hele
me ka mama
Pono ʻo ia i ka manawa.
Ke alualu nei ka hewa i kona mau wāwae maikaʻi loa. Pono ʻo ia e hoʻopau i ka hapalua o ka pōʻai, e lawe iā ia i mau kekona a i ʻole mau minuke, ma muli o nā ʻāpana i koho ʻia. Inā ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o ka hopena hauʻoli:
E hele ana ka mea maikai. Hōʻike nā moʻolelo maʻalahi i ka mea e pono ai. Inā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kanaka ʻino ma mua o 4,14 manawa o ke kanaka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ia e pau maikaʻi. A ma ʻaneʻi hoʻi, ke komo nei kā mākou helu pi.
He nani ka mea poepoe. E nānā kākou i ke kiʻi o ʻekolu mau papa hoʻonaninani - loaʻa iaʻu ma hope o koʻu mau mākua. He aha ka ʻāpana o ka triangle curvilinear ma waena o lākou? He hana maʻalahi kēia; aia ka pane ma ke kiʻi like. ʻAʻole mākou kāhāhā i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i ke ʻano - ma hope o nā mea āpau, ma kahi o ka poepoe, aia ka pi.
Ua hoʻohana au i kahi huaʻōlelo kamaʻāina ʻole:. ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka helu pi i ka moʻomeheu ʻōlelo Kelemānia, a ʻo kēia mau mea mahalo i ka Dutch (ʻoiaʻiʻo he Kelemania i noho ma Netherlands - ʻaʻole pili ka lāhui i kēlā manawa), Ludolf o Seoulen... I ka 1596 g. Ua helu ʻo ia i 35 mau huahelu o kona hoʻonui ʻana i ka decimal. Ua mālama ʻia kēia moʻolelo a hiki i ka makahiki 1853 William Rutherford helu 440 noho. ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo no ka helu lima ʻana (a mau loa paha) William Shanksʻo ia, ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana, i paʻi ʻia (i ka makahiki 1873) hoʻonui i nā huahelu 702. I ka makahiki 1946 wale nō, ʻike ʻia ka hewa o nā huahelu 180 hope loa, akā ua mau nō. ʻO ka pololei Xnumx. He mea hoihoi i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻōpala ponoʻī. Ma hope koke iho o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka hopena o Shanks, ua manaʻo lākou "ua hewa kekahi mea" - he liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO ke kuhiakau i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia (Dekemapa 2020) ʻōlelo ʻia e hōʻike ʻia nā helu āpau me ke alapine like. ʻO kēia ka mea i koi iā D.T. Ferguson e hoʻoponopono hou i nā helu ʻana a Shanks a ʻike i ka hewa "aʻo"!
Ma hope mai, ua kōkua nā calculators a me nā kamepiula i nā kānaka. ʻO ka mea paʻa moʻolelo o kēia manawa (Dekemapa 2020). Timothy Mullican (50 trillion decimal wahi). Ua lawe ʻia nā helu ... 303 lā. E pāʻani kākou: ehia ka nui o kēia helu, i paʻi ʻia i loko o kahi puke maʻamau. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka "ʻaoʻao" i paʻi ʻia o ka kikokikona he 1800 mau huaʻōlelo (30 laina me 60 mau laina). E hoʻemi kākou i ka helu o nā huaʻōlelo a me nā palena ʻaoʻao, e hoʻopaʻa i 5000 mau huaʻōlelo i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, a paʻi i 50 mau puke ʻaoʻao. No laila ʻo XNUMX trillion mau huaʻōlelo e lawe i ʻumi miliona mau puke. ʻAʻole hewa, pololei?
ʻO ka nīnau, he aha ke kumu o ia hakakā? Mai ka manaʻo hoʻokele waiwai, no ke aha e uku ai ka mea ʻauhau no kēlā "hoʻokipa" o ka poʻe makemakika? ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka pane. Ka mua, mai Seoulen invented blanks for calculations, a laila pono no ka helu logarithmic. Inā i ʻōlelo ʻia iā ia: e ʻoluʻolu, kūkulu i nā blanks, inā ua pane ʻo ia: no ke aha? Pela no ke kauoha:. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole i ʻike wale ʻia kēia ʻike ʻana, akā naʻe, he huahana o ka noiʻi o kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka lua, e heluhelu kākou i kāna mea i kākau ai Timothy Mullican. Eia ka hana hou o ka hoomaka ana o kana hana. Aia ʻo Polofesa Mullican i ka cybersecurity, a ʻo ka pi kahi mea leʻaleʻa liʻiliʻi i hoʻāʻo ʻo ia i kāna ʻōnaehana cybersecurity hou.
A ʻoi aku ka nui o kēlā 3,14159 i ka ʻenekinia, ʻo ia kekahi mea. E hana kāua i kahi helu maʻalahi. He 4,774 Tm ka mamao o Jupiter mai ka Lā (terameter = 1012 mika). No ka helu ʻana i ke anapuni o ia pōʻai me kahi radius i ka pololei ʻole o 1 millimeter, lawa ia e lawe π = 3,1415926535897932.
Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i ka hapahā pōʻai o nā pōhaku Lego. Ua hoʻohana au i 1774 pads a ma kahi o 3,08 pi. ʻAʻole ka maikaʻi, akā he aha ka mea e manaʻo ai? ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka pōʻai me nā ʻāpana.
Pololei. ʻIke ʻia ka helu pi pōʻai pōʻai - he pilikia makemakika e kali ana no kona hoʻonā no nā makahiki ʻoi aku ma mua o 2000 - mai ka wā Helene. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi panana a me ka ʻaoʻao pololei e kūkulu i kahi huinahā nona ka ʻāpana like me ka ʻāpana o ka pōʻai i hāʻawi ʻia?
Ua komo ka hua'ōlelo "square of a circle" i ka ʻōlelo i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o kahi mea hiki ʻole. Ke kaomi nei au i ke kī e nīnau aku, he ʻano hoʻāʻo anei kēia e hoʻopiha i ka ʻauwaha o ka inaina e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā kupa o ko kākou ʻāina nani? Akā ua pale aku au i kēia kumuhana, no ka mea, ʻo ka makemakika wale nō kaʻu manaʻo.
A ʻo ka mea like - ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hopena i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka pōʻai i ke ʻano o ka mea nāna i hoʻoponopono. Charles Lindemann, i ka makahiki 1882 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ia a ua lanakila. ʻAe, akā ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻouka ʻana mai kahi ākea ākea. Ua aʻo ka poʻe makemakika he mau ʻano helu like ʻole. ʻAʻole wale i nā helu helu, rational (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hakina) a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hiki ʻole. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomanaʻo mai ke kula, ʻo ka helu kuhi hewa ʻo √2, he helu e hōʻike ana i ka ratio o ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal o kahi huinahā i ka lōʻihi o kona ʻaoʻao. E like me kekahi helu irrational, loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻonui pau ʻole. E hoʻomanaʻo wau iā ʻoe he waiwai o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa kūpono o nā helu rational, ʻo ia hoʻi. nā huina pilikino:
Eia ke kaʻina o nā helu 142857 no ka pau ʻana. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke:
(hoʻomau mau ka hakina). ʻIke mākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona ma aneʻi, akā he ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka Pi. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hoohalike algebraic - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe kumu huinahā, ʻaʻole logarithm, ʻaʻole nā hana trigonometric. Hōʻike mua kēia ʻaʻole hiki ke kūkulu ʻia - ke kiʻi ʻana i nā pōʻai e alakaʻi i nā hana quadratic, a me nā laina - nā laina pololei - i nā hoohalike o ka degere mua.
Ua haʻalele paha wau i ka manaʻo nui. ʻO ka hoʻomohala wale ʻana o nā makemakika āpau i hiki ke hoʻi i ke kumu - i ka makemakika nani kahiko o ka poʻe noʻonoʻo nāna i hana no mākou i ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa o ka noʻonoʻo, kahi mea kānalua loa i kēia lā e kekahi.
ʻO nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona he nui, ua koho au i ʻelua. ʻO ka mua o lākou e hui pū mākou me ka inoa inoa ʻO Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716).
Akā, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia (ke kumu hoʻohālike, ʻaʻole ʻo Leibniz) i ka mea akamai Hindu medieval Madhava o ka Sangamagram (1350-1425). ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻike i kēlā manawa - ʻaʻohe kaʻa o nā pilina pūnaewele, a ʻaʻohe pākahi no nā kelepona paʻa (no ka mea ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā mea uila!). He nani ke kumu, akā he mea ʻole no ka helu ʻana. Mai hoʻokahi haneli mau mea, "wale" 3,15159 loaʻa.
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi wzór Vièteʻa (ʻo ia mai nā haʻihaʻi quadratic), a ua maʻalahi ka papahana no ka mea ʻo ka huaʻōlelo aʻe o ka huahana ke kumu huinahā o ka mua me ʻelua.
Ua ike kakou he poepoe ka poai. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he 100 pakeneka puni kēia. E nīnau ka mea makemakika: ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi mea ke 1 pakeneka pōʻai? ʻIke ʻia, he oxymoron kēia, kahi huaʻōlelo i loaʻa kahi kūʻē huna, e like me ka laʻana, ka hau wela. Akā, e ho'āʻo kākou e ana i ka poepoe o nā kinona. ʻIke ʻia ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi ana maikaʻi e kēia ʻano kumu, ʻo ia ka S ka ʻāpana a ʻo L ka anapuni o ke kiʻi. E ʻike kākou he poepoe maoli ka pōʻai, ʻo ka sigma he 6. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka pōʻai ke anapuni. Hoʻokomo mākou ... a ʻike i ka mea kūpono. Pehea ka poepoe o ka huinahalike? He maʻalahi nā helu, ʻaʻole wau e hāʻawi iā lākou. E lawe i ka hexagon maʻamau i kākau ʻia i loko o ka pōʻai me kahi radius. ʻO ka palena palena he XNUMX.
Pole
Pehea e pili ana i kahi hexagon maʻamau? ʻO 6 kona anapuni a me kona ʻāpana
No laila mākou
ua like ia me 0,952. ʻOi aku ka hexagon ma mua o 95% "pōʻai".
Loaʻa ka hopena hoihoi i ka helu ʻana i ka pōʻai o kahi kahua haʻuki. E like me nā lula o ka IAAF, ʻo ka pololei a me nā ʻeke he 40 mau mika ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai ua ʻae ʻia nā ʻokoʻa. Hoʻomanaʻo wau he haiki a lōʻihi ke kahua pāʻani ʻo Bislet ma Oslo. Ua kākau wau "ʻo" no ka mea ua holo wau ma luna (no ka amateur!), akā ʻoi aku ma mua o XNUMX mau makahiki i hala. E nānā kākou:
Inā he 100 mika ka radius o ia arc, he mika ka radius o ia arc. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka lau he mau mika square, a ʻo ka wahi ma waho o ia (kahi e loaʻa ai nā puna puna) he mau mika square. E hoʻokomo i kēia i loko o ke ʻano:
No laila, pili anei ka poepoe o ke kahua ha'uki me ka huinakolu like? No ka mea, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka huinakolu kaulike like ka helu o ka ʻaoʻao. He hui like wale ia o nā helu, akā maikaʻi. Makemae au iā ia. A me ka poe heluhelu?
ʻAe, maikaʻi ka poepoe, ʻoiai ke kūʻē nei kekahi no ka mea he poepoe ka maʻi maʻi e pili ana iā kākou a pau. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, pēlā lākou e huki ai.
