Nā palena o ka papaʻaina manawa o nā mea. ʻAuhea ka mokupuni hauʻoli o ke kūpaʻa?
He palena "luna" paha ka papaʻaina o nā mea - no laila aia kahi helu atomika manaʻo no kahi mea kaumaha loa i hiki ʻole ke hiki i ka honua kino i ʻike ʻia? ʻO Yuri Oganesyan physicist Lūkini, nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo 118, manaʻoʻiʻo he pono ia palena.
Wahi a Oganesyan, ke poʻo o ka hale hana Flerov ma ka Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) ma Dubna, Russia, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ia palena ka hopena o nā hopena relativistic. E like me ka atomic helu mahuahua, ka maikai o ka uku o ka nucleus mahuahua, a me keia, ma ka huli, e hoʻonui i ka māmā holo o electrons a puni ka nucleus, hoʻokokoke i ka palena wikiwiki o ka malamalama, ka physicist wehewehe i loko o ka hālāwai ninaninau i paʻi 'ia i loko o April pukana o ka puke pai. . ʻepekema Hou. "No ka laʻana, hele nā electrons kokoke loa i ka nucleus i ka element 112 ma 7/10 ka wikiwiki o ka māmā. Inā hoʻokokoke nā electrons o waho i ka wikiwiki o ka māmā, e hoʻololi ia i nā waiwai o ka atom, e uhaki ana i nā loina o ka papa periodic, "wahi āna.
He hana paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i nā mea superheavy hou i loko o nā hale hana physics. Pono nā kānaka ʻepekema, me ka pololei loa, e kaulike i nā ikaika o ka huki a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana kumu. ʻO ka mea e pono ai he helu "magic" o nā protons a me nā neutrons e "pili pū" i loko o ka nucleus me ka helu atomika i makemake ʻia. ʻO ke kaʻina hana ponoʻī e hoʻolalelale i nā ʻāpana i ka hapaʻumi o ka māmā o ka māmā. Loaʻa kahi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi nucleus atomika superheavy o ka helu i makemake ʻia. A laila, ʻo ka hana a nā physicists e hoʻomaʻalili i ka wikiwiki a "hopu" iā ia i loko o ka mea ʻike ma mua o ka palaho. Eia nō naʻe, no kēia mea pono e loaʻa i nā "mea maka" kūpono - nā isotopes nui loa o nā mea me nā kumuwaiwai neutron e pono ai.
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka kaumaha o kahi mea i loko o ka hui transactinide, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kona ola. ʻO ka mea me ka helu atomic 112 he hapalua ke ola o 29 kekona, 116 - 60 milliseconds, 118 - 0,9 milliseconds. Manaʻo ʻia ua hiki i ka ʻepekema i nā palena o ka mea hiki ke kino.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo Oganesyan. Hōʻike ʻo ia i ka manaʻo aia ʻo ia i ka honua o nā mea superheavy. "Island of Stability". "He pōkole loa ka manawa palaho o nā mea hou, akā inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā neutrons i kā lākou nuclei, e hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou ola," wahi āna. "ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻewalu neutrons i nā mea i helu ʻia 110, 111, 112 a me 113 e hoʻonui i ko lākou ola ma 100 mau makahiki. pākahi".
Kapa ʻia ma hope o Oganesyan, ka mea Oganesson No ka hui o transactinides a he helu atomika 118. Ua hana mua ʻia ma 2002 e kahi hui o nā ʻepekema Lūkini a me ʻAmelika mai ka Joint Institute for Nuclear Research ma Dubna. I Dekemaba 2015, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hou ʻehā e ka IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Group (he hui i hana ʻia e ka International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry a me ka International Union of Pure and Applied Physics). Ua mālama ʻia ka inoa inoa ma Nowemapa 28, 2016. Oganesson ma helu atomika kiʻekiʻe loa i ka nui atomika nui ma waena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia. I ka makahiki 2002-2005, ʻehā wale nō ʻātoma o ka 294 isotope i ʻike ʻia.
Aia kēia mea i ka pūʻulu 18 o ka pākaukau periodic, i.e. nā kinoea hanohano (ʻo ia kona ʻelele hana mua), akā naʻe, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka hoʻoikaika nui, ʻaʻole like me nā kinoea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe. I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo oganesson he kinoea ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, akā ʻo nā wānana o kēia manawa ke kuhikuhi nei i kahi kūlana hoʻohui mau ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana ma muli o nā hopena relativistic a Oganessian i ʻōlelo ai i ka hālāwai ninaninau i haʻi ʻia ma mua. I loko o ka papaʻaina, aia ia i loko o ka p-block, ʻo ia ke kumu hope o ka manawa ʻehiku.
Ua hoʻopuka ka poʻe loea Lūkini a me ʻAmelika i nā inoa like ʻole no ia mea. I ka hopena, akā naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ʻo IUPAC e hoʻohanohano i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o Hovhannisyan ma ka ʻike ʻana i kāna hāʻawi nui i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka papaʻaina. ʻO kēia ʻāpana kekahi o nā mea ʻelua (ma hope o ke kai moana) i kapa ʻia ma muli o ke kanaka ola.
