ʻO ka mokulele lele a me ka ukana: Gotha Go 242 Go 244
Gotha Go 242 Go 244. He Gotha Go 242 A-1 glider huki ʻia e ka Heinkel He 111 H bomber ma luna o ke Kai Mediterranean.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā pūʻali parachute Kelemania i koi aku i ka ʻoihana mokulele e hāʻawi i nā lako lele kūpono - ʻo nā mea hoʻokele a me nā mea hoʻokele mokulele. ʻOiai ua hoʻokō ka DFS 230 i nā koi no ka mokulele hoʻouka kaua, i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi i nā mea hakakā me nā lako a me nā mea kaua pilikino i ka pahuhopu, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻolako pono i kāna mau ʻāpana me nā lako a me nā lako e pono ai. nā hana kaua. ʻO ka hakakā maikaʻi ma ka ʻāina ʻenemi. No kēia ʻano hana, pono ia e hana i kahi mokulele nui me ka uku nui.
ʻO ka mokulele hou, ʻo ka Gotha Go 242, i kūkulu ʻia e ka Gothaer Waggonfabrik AG, i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo GWF (Gotha Carriage Joint Stock Company), i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Iulai 1, 1898 e nā ʻenekini Botmann a me Gluck. I ka wā mua, ua hana nā hale hana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā locomotives, nā kaʻa a me nā mea hana kaʻaahi. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Aviation Production Department (Abteilung Flugzeugbau) ma Pepeluali 3, 1913, a he ʻumikūmākahi pule ma hope mai ua kūkulu ʻia ka mokulele mua ma laila: kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa biplane tandem-noho ʻelua i hoʻolālā ʻia e Eng. Bruno Bluchner. Ma hope koke iho, hoʻomaka ʻo GFW i ka laikini ʻana i ka Etrich-Rumpler LE 1 Taube (lupe). ʻO kēia mau mokulele pālua, hoʻokahi-engine a me nā mea he nui. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana o 10 kope o LE 1, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā mana o LE 2 a me LE 3, i hana ʻia e eng. ʻO Franz Boenisch a me eng. ʻO Bartel. ʻO ka nui, ua hana ka mea kanu Gotha i 80 Taube mokulele.
Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua lilo ʻelua mau loea akamai, ʻo Karl Rösner lāua ʻo Hans Burkhard, i poʻo o ka ʻoihana hoʻolālā. ʻO kā lākou papahana hui mua ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mokulele Farani Caudron G III reconnaissance, i laikini mua ʻia e ka GWF. Ua loaʻa i ka mokulele hou ka inoa LD 4 a ua hana ʻia ma ka nui o 20 kope. A laila ua hana ʻo Rösner lāua ʻo Burkhard i kekahi mau mokulele liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā mokulele manuā, i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, akā ua hoʻomaka kā lākou ʻoihana maoli ma Iulai 27, 1915 me ka lele ʻana o ka Gotha GI twin-engine bomber, i kēlā manawa i hui pū ʻia e Eng. ʻO Oscar Ursinus. ʻO kā lākou hana hui ʻana, ʻo ia nā mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa: Gotha G.II, G.III, G.IV a me GV, ka mea i kaulana no ke komo ʻana i nā hoʻouka kaua lōʻihi ma nā pahu hopu i loaʻa i nā mokupuni Pelekane. ʻAʻole i hoʻopōʻino nui ʻia ka mīkini kaua Pelekāne i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka ea, akā nui loa kā lākou hoʻolaha a me ka hopena noʻonoʻo.
I kinohi, ua hoohana na hale hana o Gotha i 50 kanaka; i ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua hoʻonui ko lākou helu i 1215, a i kēia manawa ua hana ka hui ma mua o 1000 mau mokulele.
Ma lalo o ka Treaty of Versailles, ua pāpā ʻia nā hale hana ma Gotha mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā hana e pili ana i nā mokulele. No nā makahiki he ʻumikūmālima e hiki mai ana, a hiki i ka makahiki 1933, ua hana ʻo GFW i nā locomotives, nā ʻenekini diesel, nā kaʻa a me nā lako kaʻaahi. Ma muli o ka hiki ʻana mai i ka mana o ka National Socialists ma ʻOkakopa 2, 1933, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻoihana hana mokulele. Dipl.-eng. Albert Kalkert. ʻO ka ʻaelike mua ka hana laikini ʻana o nā mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Arado Ar 68. Ma hope mai, ua ʻākoakoa ʻo Heinkel He 45 a me He 46 reconnaissance mokulele ma Gotha. I kēia manawa, ʻo Eng. Ua hoʻolālā ʻo Calkert i ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa noho ʻelua ʻo Gotha Go 145, i lele i Pepeluali 1934. Ua lanakila loa ka mokulele; ʻO ka huina, ma kahi o 1182 kope i hana ʻia.
I ka pau ʻana o ʻAukake 1939, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ma ke keʻena hoʻolālā o Goth i kahi mea hoʻokele kaʻa hou e hiki ke lawe i ka nui o ka ukana me ka ʻole o ka wehe ʻana. ʻO ke poʻo o ka hui hoʻomohala ʻo Dipl.-Ing. Albert Kalkert. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻolālā kumu ma ʻOkakopa 25, 1939. Pono e loaʻa i ka pahu ea hou he fuselage nui me kahi huelo huelo ma kona kua a me kahi pahu ukana nui i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke kakaka i hoʻohuli ʻia.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i nā haʻawina aʻoaʻo a me nā kūkākūkā ʻana ma Ianuali 1940, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo ka pahu ukana i loko o ka fuselage i mua e pili ana i ka pōʻino a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wā e pae ai i kahi ʻāina ʻike ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka wehe ʻana o nā lako. lawe ʻia ma luna o ka moku. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻoneʻe i ka puka ukana e hilinaʻi ana i luna a hiki i ka hopena o ka fuselage, akā ua lilo kēia i mea hiki ʻole ma muli o ka puʻupuʻu huelo me nā keels ma ka hope i waiho ʻia ma laila. Ua loaʻa koke ka hopena e kekahi o nā lālā o ka hui, ʻo Ing. ʻO Laiber, nāna i hāʻawi i kahi ʻāpana huelo hou me kahi kaola pālua i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka hopena e kahi stabilizer hoʻopaʻapaʻa. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ke pelu ʻia ka pahu hoʻouka ʻana me ka palekana, a ua hāʻawi pū i kahi kūpono no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kaʻa ma waho o ke alanui e like me ka Volkswagen Type 82 Kübelwagen, he pū kīkē kaumaha o 150 mm caliber a i ʻole 105 mm caliber field howitzer.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka papahana i hoʻopau ʻia ma Mei 1940 i nā ʻelele o ka Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - Reich Aviation Ministry). I ka wā mua, ua makemake nā luna o ka Technisches Amt des RLM (Keʻena ʻOihana o ka RLM) i ka hoʻolālā hoʻokūkū o ka Deutscher Forschunsanstalt für Segelflug (German Gliding Research Institute), i koho ʻia ʻo DFS 331. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lanakila ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū ma ka DFS. I Kepakemapa 230, ua kauoha ka RLM no ʻekolu DFS 1940 prototypes a me ʻelua Go 1940 prototypes e hāʻawi ʻia e Nowemapa 331 e hoʻohālikelike i ka hana a me ka hana.
