Patent Mahina - Jerome H. Lemelson
I kēia manawa ke hoʻomanaʻo nei mākou iā ʻoe i kahi mea hana i waiwai i kāna mau manaʻo, akā nui ka poʻe - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hui nui - i mālama iā ia e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia. patent troll. Uaʻikeʻo ia iā ia iho he mea haʻi'ōlelo no ke kumu o nā mea hana kūʻokoʻa.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo: Jerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson
Ka lā a me kahi i hānau ai: Iulai 18, 1923 ma Staten Island, USA (make ʻOkakopa 1, 1997)
Nā Nationality: Amerikanana
Kūlana ʻohana: male, elua keiki
Laki: paʻakikī ke koho ʻana no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa patent a pau
Hoʻonaʻauao: Kulanui o Nu Ioka
ʻO kahi ʻike: mea hana kūʻokoʻa (1950-1997), ka mea hoʻokumu a me ke poʻo o ka Licensing Management Corporation
Nā manaʻo: ʻenehana, ola ʻohana
ʻO Jerome Lemelson, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Jerry" wale nō e nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻohana, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka inventiveness a me ka hana hou ke kumu o ka "moeʻuhane ʻAmelika". ʻO ia ka mea paʻa ma kahi o ʻeono haneri patent! E like me ka helu ʻana, ʻoi aku kēia i ka awelika o hoʻokahi patent i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā makahiki he kanalima. A ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kēia mau mea a pau iā ia iho, me ke kākoʻo ʻole o nā keʻena noiʻi i ʻike ʻia a i ʻole nā keʻena noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hui nui.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hana ʻokiʻoki a me nā mea heluhelu barcode, nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ATM a me nā kelepona ʻole, nā camcorders a me nā kamepiula pilikino - ʻo nā pēpē pēpē uē a pau a ʻāpana paha o nā manaʻo o Lemelson. I ka makahiki 60, ua laikini ia i nā ʻōnaehana hana maʻalahi, i ka makahiki 70 - nā poʻo lepe magnetic no nā hui Iapana, a i ka makahiki 80 - nā ʻāpana kamepiula pilikino.
"Makini Makana"
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Iulai 18, 1923 ma Staten Island, New York. E like me kāna i hoʻokūpaʻa ai, mai kona wā liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālike iā ia iho Thomas Edison. Ua loaʻa iā ia kāna mau kēkelē laepua a me nā kēkelē laepua ma ka ʻenekinia aerospace a me ke kēkelē laepua hou ma ka ʻenekinia ʻenehana mai ke Kulanui o New York, kahi āna i puka ai i ka makahiki 1951.
Ma mua o kona hele ʻana i ke kulanui, ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia i nā mea kaua a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe no ka Military Aviation Corps i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā diploma ʻenekinia a me ke komo ʻana i ka hana ma ka papahana moana no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻenekini rocket a me ka pulse, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi manawa pōkole o ka hana ma kahi hale hana ʻenehana ma ke ʻano he ʻenekinia. Akā naʻe, ua haʻalele ʻo ia mai kēia ʻoihana no kahi hana āna i makemake nui ai - mea kūʻokoʻa a me "mea hana" paʻa iho i ka hana.
I ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e waiho i nā patent. ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna mau mea i hana ʻia mai ia wā e pili ana i ʻoihana pāʻani. Były to lukratywne innowacje. Branża ta w okresie powojennego szybko się rozwijała i wciąż potrzebowała nowości. Później przyszedł czas na «poważniejsze» patenty.
ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia o ia manawa, kahi i haʻaheo loa ai ʻo Jerome a ma ke ʻano kikoʻī i loaʻa iā ia ka waiwai nui, lopako honua, hiki ke ana, weld, weld, rivet, halihali a nānā i ka maikaʻi. Ua hana ʻo ia i kēia mea hou i ka kikoʻī a noi aku i kahi patent 1954-ʻaoʻao ma ka Kalikimaka i ka makahiki 150. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i nā ʻenehana ʻike kikoʻī, me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻike mīkiniʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa a, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, pono e hoʻokō ʻia no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. E pili ana i nā hale hana robotic hou e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ua hoʻokō piha lākou i nā manaʻo o Lemelson.
I ka wā kamaliʻi, me kona kaikunāne a me kāna ʻīlio - ʻo Jerome ma ka hema
Ua loli kona mau makemake i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana. ʻO kāna mau patent e pili ana i nā fax, VCRs, portable tape recorders, barcode scanners. ʻO kāna mau mea hana ʻē aʻe nā hōʻailona alanui i hoʻomālamalama ʻia, ka thermometer leo, ke kelepona wikiō, ka mea hōʻoia hōʻaiʻē, ka ʻōnaehana hale kūʻai ʻakomi a me ka ʻōnaehana nānā maʻi.
Ua hana ʻo ia ma nā ʻano like ʻole. I ka laʻana, ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia a me kāna wahine i ka ʻimi lima no nā waihona ma ka US Patent Office, luhi i ka hana hoʻoikaika, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo i nā ala e hana ai i ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka hopena ka manaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i nā palapala a me nā wikiō ma ka tape magnetic. I ka makahiki 1955, ua waiho ʻo ia i kahi palapala patent kūpono. Pūnaehana waihona wikiō e like me kāna wehewehe ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻae ʻia ka heluhelu ʻana i nā kiʻi ma ke kiʻi ma ke kīwī. Ua hoʻolālā pū ʻo Lemelson i kahi hoʻolālā mīkini hoʻohana lipine i lilo ma hope i mea nui o ka hale cassette recorders. I ka makahiki 1974, ma ke kumu o kāna mau patent, ua kūʻai aku ʻo Lemelson iā Sony i palapala laikini e kūkulu i kahi kaila liʻiliʻi. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hoʻonā i ka Walkman iconic.
Nā kaha kiʻi mai ka palapala hoʻopaneʻe a Lemelson
Laikini
Kūʻai laikini ʻo ia ka manaʻo pāʻoihana hou o ka mea hoʻopuka. I ka hopena o 60s, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i hui no kēia kumu Hui Hooponopono Laikinii manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai aku i kāna mau mea hana, akā ʻo nā mea hou o nā mea hana kūʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa like, ua alualu ʻo ia i nā ʻoihana me ke kānāwai ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau hoʻonā patented. Ua hana ʻo ia pēlā no ka manawa mua ʻaʻole i hōʻike ka mea kūʻai huapalaoa i ka hoihoi i ka hoʻolālā pahu āna i manaʻo ai, a ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻohana i ka ʻeke e like me kāna kumu hoʻohālike. Ua waiho ʻo ia i kahi hoʻopiʻi, a ua hoʻopau ʻia. Akā naʻe, ua lanakila ʻo ia ma nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa he nui ma hope. No ka laʻana, ma hope o ka hakakā kānāwai me Illinois Tool Works, ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka uku i ka nui o 17 miliona mau kālā no ka uhai ʻana i kahi patent no kahi mea hana sprayer.
Ua inaina ia e kona mau hoa paio hookolokolo. Eia naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he meʻe ʻoiaʻiʻo e nā mea hana kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO kāna mau hakakā no nā kuleana i nā patent no ka "ʻike mīkini" i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, e pili ana i ka manaʻo mai nā makahiki 50, ʻo ia ka mea e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili ʻike e nā kāmera, a laila mālama ʻia ma ke kamepiula. I ka hui pū ʻana me nā robots a me nā barcodes, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻenehana e nānā, hoʻoponopono a loiloi paha i nā huahana i ko lākou neʻe ʻana ma ka laina hui. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Lemelson i kekahi mau mea hana kaʻa a me ʻEulopa no ka uhai ʻana i kēia patent. Ma muli o ka ʻaelike i hoʻopau ʻia ma 1990-1991, ua loaʻa i kēia mau mea hana kahi laikini e hoʻohana i kāna mau hoʻonā. Ua manaʻo ʻia he nui ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻoihana kaʻa ma luna o 500 miliona kālā.
Ma 1975, ua komo ʻo ia i ka US Patent and Trademark Advisory Council e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana patent. ʻO kāna hoʻopiʻi ʻana me nā hui i alakaʻi ʻia i kahi kūkākūkā o a laila hoʻololi i ke kānāwai US ma kēia wahi. ʻO kahi pilikia nui ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka nānā ʻana i nā noi patent, a ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i hopena i ka pale ʻana i ka hana hou. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hana i hōʻike ʻia e Lemelson i kona wā e ola ana, ua ʻike ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻumi makahiki ma hope o kona make ʻana.
Hoʻohewa ka poʻe hoʻohewa iā Lemelson no nā makahiki hoʻopunipuni ka US Patent and Trademark Office. Hoʻopiʻi lākou i ka mea nāna i hoʻohana i nā loopholes i koi aku i nā hui he 979 - me Ford, Dell, Boeing, General Electric, Mitsubishi a me Motorola - e uku. $ 1,5 biliona no ka uku laikini.
"ʻAʻohe waiwai o kāna mau patent - he palapala ia," wahi a Robert Shillman, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu, luna hoʻomalu a me Luna Nui o Cognex Corp., ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua i nā ʻōnaehana ʻike mīkini, i nā makahiki i hala. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia manaʻo ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo a kahi loea kūʻokoʻa. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Cognex iā Lemelson no nā kuleana patent no nā ʻōnaehana ʻike ...
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma luna o Lemelson pili maoli i ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi mea ʻenehana. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi manaʻo, me ka ʻole e noʻonoʻo i nā kikoʻī āpau a me nā ʻano hana? ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe - pili ke kānāwai patent i nā mea i mākaukau, hana a hoʻāʻo ʻia? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he mea maʻalahi ke noʻonoʻo i kahi kūlana i hiki mai ai kekahi me ka manaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana i kekahi mea a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻano hana maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana. Eia naʻe, aʻo kekahi e pili ana i ka manaʻo a hoʻokō i ka manaʻo. ʻO wai o lākou e pono e loaʻa ka palapala hōʻailona?
ʻAʻole i hana ʻo Lemelson i nā hiʻohiʻona hale, nā prototypes, a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o kahi hui e hoʻokō nei i kāna mau mea hou. ʻAʻole kēia kāna i manaʻo ai no kahi ʻoihana. ʻAʻole ʻo ia ke ʻano o kona hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kuleana o ka mea hoʻokumu. ʻAʻole koi nā mana patent ʻAmelika i ka hoʻokō kino o nā manaʻo, akā he wehewehe kūpono.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka patent nui loa ...
"Jerry" hoʻokaʻawale i kona waiwai i ka nui loa i ʻO ka Lemelson Foundation, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1993 me kāna wahine ʻo Dorothy. ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu e kōkua i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā mea hou, e hoʻoulu a hoʻonaʻauao i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana o nā mea hana, a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā kumuwaiwai e hoʻohuli i nā manaʻo i nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻenehana kalepa.
Ua hoʻomohala ka Foundation i kekahi mau papahana e hoʻoikaika a hoʻomākaukau i nā ʻōpio e hana, hoʻomohala a kūʻai aku i nā ʻenehana hou. ʻO kā lākou hana hoʻi ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻike o ka lehulehu i ka hana a ka poʻe inventers, innovators a me nā ʻoihana e hana nei i ke kākoʻo a hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ko lākou mau ʻāina, a me ka hana ʻana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Ma 2002, ua hoʻokumu ka Lemelson Foundation i kahi papahana honua e pili ana i kēia.
I ka makahiki 1996, i ka wā i ma'i ai 'o Lemelson me ka ma'i 'a'ai, ua hana 'o ia ma kona 'ano pono'ī - ua ho'omaka 'o ia e 'imi i nā mea hana a me nā 'enehana lapa'au e mālama ai i kēia 'ano ma'i 'a'ai. I ka makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana, ua waiho ʻo ia ma kahi o kanahā mau palapala patent. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole ʻo ka maʻi kanesa kahi hui e hele i kahi hoʻoholo hoʻokolokolo no ka hoʻokō wikiwiki.
Ua make ʻo "Jerry" ma ʻOkakopa 1, 1997.
