Palekana Passive ma ke ʻano he manaʻo pili

Me kahi kaʻa hou a i ʻole hanauna e komo ana i ka mākeke, e lilo ia i mea mālamalama loa e hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ulia, e like me ka mau, e mahalo piha ʻia. Makemake kēlā me kēia mea hana kaʻa e kaena i ka hui ʻana o kā lākou huahana hou i nā kūlana palekana ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma hope o kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ke hoʻohui lākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona palekana i loaʻa ʻole ma ka laina (e like me ka ʻōnaehana hōʻalo kūka kūlanakauhale. wikiwiki e hōʻailona radar).

Akā e maikaʻi nā mea āpau. He aha nā hoʻāʻo hina a no nā aha ia? ʻO kēia nā hoʻokolohua i hoʻolālā ʻia e nā poʻe loea e hoʻohālikelike pono i kekahi ʻano o nā haʻalulu o ka honua maoli i kū wale a ʻaʻa ʻole ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa iā lākou ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui:

• hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā kaʻa, nā dummies, kāmela, nā ana pono, nā helu hope, nā ana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea pono ʻē aʻe),
• nui hoʻāʻo hāʻule,
• hoʻokolokolo ʻana ana a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻike a me kā lākou loiloi ʻana ma hope.

Euro NCAP

I mea e uhi ai i nā mele a pau i kuhikuhi ʻia, ʻaʻole kū ka hōʻike ma kahi luku hoʻokahi, akā, ma ke ʻano he, haki nā komisina i kekahi mau kaʻa he nui. I ʻEulopa, ʻo nā hōʻike loiloi kaulana loa e lawe ʻia e ka consortium Euro NCAP. I ke kaʻina hana hou, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻokolohua i 4 mau ʻāpana nui. Pili ka mea mua i ka pale ʻana o nā ohua makua a ʻo ia nā:

• Pāʻālua mua i ka wikiwiki o 64 km / h i kahi pale kīnā ʻole me 40% ka uhi o ke kaʻa a me nā mea keʻakeʻa (ie 60% o ka mua o ke kaʻa ʻaʻole e launa mua me ka pale), kahi e palekana ai nā mākua i ke poʻo , ʻāʻī, ʻāpana o ka umauma e kaohi paʻa ʻia (cab and load when decelerating with a seatbelt), nā ʻūhā me nā kuli (pili me ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka dashboard), ka ʻumiʻumi ʻana a, no ka mea hoʻokele a me nā wāwae, (weliweli o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hui hehi wāwae) . Loiloi ʻia hoʻi ka palekana o nā noho a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hale wili o ke kino. Palapala paha nā mea hana i ka pale like no ka poʻe holo o nā kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mannequins a i ʻole nā ​​mannequins. i kahi noho ʻokoʻa. E hāʻawi ʻia i kahi palena o 16 mau helu no kēia ʻāpana.
• Bke kuʻi ʻana i ka maka me ka mea keakea ʻole i ka wikiwiki o 50 km / h i kahi kaʻa kū, kahi e nānā hou ʻia ai ka palekana o ka makua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pelvis, ka umauma a me ke poʻo i ka pili ʻana me ka ʻaoʻao o ka kaʻa, a i ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaoʻao a me nā poʻo ʻeke. Maʻaneʻi hiki i ke kaʻa ke loaʻa i kahi keu o 8 mau helu.
• Kūpuna ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻa me kahi kolamu paʻa i ka wikiwiki o 29 km / h ʻaʻole koi ʻia, akā ua hoʻopau mau nā mea hana kaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻo ke kūlana wale nō ke kū ʻana o nā airbags poʻo. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāpana like o ke kino o ke kanaka makua e like me ka hahau mua. Eia kekahi - ka nui o 8 mau helu.
• Opale o ka iwi kuamoʻo i ka hopena hope, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻike hope loa no nā poʻe kaʻa makua. Hoʻomalu ʻia ke ʻano o ka noho a me ke kihi o ke poʻo, a he mea hoihoi ka nui o nā noho i hana maikaʻi ʻole i kēia lā. Maanei hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka nui o 4 mau helu.

Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka mahele ʻelua o nā hoʻokolohua i ka palekana o ka poʻe ohua i ka keʻena o nā keiki, e māka ana no ke kau ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā noho a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana ʻē aʻe.

• ʻIke ʻia nā dummies ʻelua. keiki 18 a me 36 mau mahinaAia i nā noho kaʻa ma nā noho hope. Pono e hoʻopaʻa i nā kuʻina āpau āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia, koe wale nō kahi simulate hopena hope. Ma hope o ka hoʻopau kūleʻa ʻana, hiki i nā dummies ʻelua ke loaʻa i nā palena he 12 ma ke kaʻawale o kēlā me kēia.
• Ma lalo iho nei ka helu ʻana o 4 mau helu keu no nā māka māka o ka noho kaʻa kaʻa, a hāʻawi nā koho iā lākou i 2 mau helu no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka noho kaʻa.
• ʻO ka hopena o ka mahele ʻelua ka helu ʻana i ka māka lawa ʻana o ke kūlana deactivated o ka airbag ohua ma ka panakō mea kani, e kaha ana i ka hiki ke hoʻopau i ka ʻeke airbag a me ka manawa hope e kau ai i ka noho kaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke alo o nā kāʻei noho ʻekolu kiko a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. ʻO 13 wale nō mau helu.

ʻO ke kolu o ka māhele e hoʻomalu i ka palekana o nā mea hoʻohana alanui pilikia loa - ka poʻe hele wāwae. Aia i loko o:

• Nma ke kumu kūʻai hopena simulation poʻo pēpē (2,5 kg) a poʻo makua (4,8 kg) ma ka pale o ke kaʻa, mākaukau no 24 mau helu (note: kahi hopena maʻamau o nā helu 16-18, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo nā kaʻa me kahi helu piha holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole i hiki i ka pae helu kiʻekiʻe).
• Puʻupuʻu pelvic o nā kihi o ka pāpale me ka helu nui o 6 (pinepine ka wahi weliweli loa no ka hōʻeha hele wāwae, me kahi helu e pili ana i XNUMX).
• Peku o ka bumper waena a me lalo, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kaʻa i nā helu 6 piha.

ʻO ka mahele hope loa, hope, ʻehā e loiloi i nā ʻōnaehana kōkua.

• Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ke komo ʻole ʻana i nā kāʻei noho a me ke ʻano o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho serial hou - no nā helu 3, loaʻa ke kaʻa no ka palena wikiwiki, inā hoʻokomo ʻia.

ʻO ka hopena holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka hapa nui o mākou e ʻike nei, e hōʻike ana i ka helu o nā hōkū, kahi o nā hōkū 5 ke ʻano o ka palekana maikaʻi aʻe, e emi mālie ana i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā hōkū. Ua hoʻonui mālie ʻia nā pae hoʻohālikelike mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokahuli, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻa e loaʻa nā hōkū piha i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai e loaʻa nā pae palekana, e laʻa me ka pae hōkū ʻekolu o kēia lā (e ʻike i nā hopena hou ʻekolu hōkū no ka Peugeot 107 / Citroen C1 / Toyota triple Aygo, me ka helu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa i ka manawa o ke komo ʻana o ka mākeke.

Nā papa koho

Ma hope o nā mea āpau, he aha nā pae hoʻohālikelike a nā kaʻa hou e kū ai i mea e haʻaheo ai i ka helu "hōkū" ʻoi loa? Hāʻawi ʻia ka hopena hope loa ma muli o ka helu ʻai o kēlā me kēia hui ʻehā i haʻi ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka NCAP hou loa i 5 helu pālākiō me ka loaʻa pono palena iki:

• 80% o ka huina awelika,
• 80% ka pale no ka poʻe ohua makua,
• 75% pale keiki,
• 60% palekana hele wāwae,
• 60% no nā ʻōnaehana kōkua.

4 helu pālākiō pono ke kaʻa e hoʻokō no:

• 70% o ka huina awelika,
• 70% ka pale no ka poʻe ohua makua,
• 60% pale keiki,
• 50% palekana hele wāwae,
• 40% no nā ʻōnaehana kōkua.

3 hōkū lanakila Loipālākiō:

• 60% o ka huina awelika,
• 40% ka pale no ka poʻe ohua makua,
• 30% pale keiki,
• 25% palekana hele wāwae,
• 25% no nā ʻōnaehana kōkua.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, i koʻu manaʻo, ua hiki au i kahi kiko nui o kēia ʻatikala, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka mea hoʻoulu mua no kēia kumuhana. Hōʻike pololei ka inoa iā ia iho. ʻO ke kanaka e hoʻoholo e kūʻai i kahi kaʻa hou no ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kaʻina hana palekana hou loa a me nā ʻōnaehana, a no laila ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa, pono e hoʻomaopopo ke kūʻai nei ʻo ia i kahi metala a me nā "pahu" palaka wale nō i hiki ke neʻe maoli. wikiwiki wikiwiki. Eia hou, ʻo ka lawe piha ʻana o nā pūʻali koa i ke ala e hōʻoia ʻia e ʻehā mau papa hulina o nā pika o ka nui o ka "makuakāne". ʻO kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona i koho ʻia kiʻekiʻe loa he palena kona a hoʻolālā ʻia me nā hopena i ʻike mua ʻia e nā ʻenekini i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana, akā he aha ka mea e hana inā hoʻololi mākou i nā lula hopena? ʻO kēia ka mea i kāhea ʻia ai ka American Highway Traffic Safety Organization INSTITUTU INSURANE NO KA HUAKAHI MA KE ALA i kēia manawa ma 2008 ma lalo o ka inoa Hōʻike hoʻokuʻi liʻiliʻi... Ma ke ala, ʻike ʻia ia no nā kūlana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ʻEulopa, e like me ka hōʻike rollover o SUV (i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ka rollover hiki), i kūleʻa nui ma hope o ka puʻupuʻu nui.

Hōʻike hoʻokuʻi liʻiliʻi

A i ʻole nā ​​ʻano mea ʻē: kahi hopena poʻo i kahi pale paʻa paʻa me kahi kau liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia kahi hoʻokūkū poʻo ma ka wikiwiki o 64 km / h i loko o kahi keakea ʻole (kū) ​​me kahi overlap o 20% wale nō (halawai ke kaʻa a ʻo ka mea mua loa i loaʻa i kahi keakea ma 20% wale nō o ka ʻike mua. wahi, ke koena 80% mai hoʻopā i ka ālai i ka hopena mua). Hoʻohālikelike kēia hoʻokolohua i ka hopena ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo mua e hōʻalo i kahi āpana paʻakikī e like me kahi lāʻau. ʻO nā pālākiō helu he ʻehā mau helu helu waha: maikaʻi, kaulike, palena palena, a nāwaliwali. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kāu e ʻōlelo nei no ka mea like ia me ko mākou ʻāina ma ʻEulopa (40% overlap and deformable barrier). Eia naʻe, ua kū nā hopena i kēlā me kēia, ʻoiai i kēlā manawa ʻo nā kaʻa ʻoi loa ka palekana ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia no kēia hopena a hāʻawi i nā mea hōʻeha make i ka mea hoʻokele a ʻoiai ka wikiwiki o ke "kūlanakauhale". Ua holomua ka manawa, a me kekahi mau mea hana i kēia mea. Maopopo ke ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi hiʻohiʻona i mākaukau no kēia ʻano hopena, a me kahi hiʻohiʻona a nā mea hoʻomohala i hāʻawi ʻole ai i nā lopako he nui. Pololei ʻo Volvo ma kēia wahi o ka palekana a hoʻohālikelike i kāna hoʻohālikelike hou (2012) S60 a me XC60, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaʻa ka helu kūpono maikaʻi loa. Pīhoihoi pū ʻo ia i ka Toyota Mini iQ, kahi i hana maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, ua pūʻiwa wau iā ia iho e ka hiʻohiʻona BMW 3 F30 hou loa, a nā komisina i koho ai he palena. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona Lexus (ʻoiai ʻo ka offshoot ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Toyota brand) ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā helu helu ʻoluʻolu. Nui a hewahewa nā hiʻohiʻona i hōʻoia ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa manuahi lākou āpau ma ka pūnaewele.