ʻIke ʻana i nā kristal manawa hou
Ua ʻike hou ʻia kahi ʻano mea ʻē i kapa ʻia ʻo ke aniani manawa ma nā wahi hou ʻelua. Ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema i kēlā kristal i loko o ka monoammonium phosphate, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pukana o Mei o Physical Review Letters, a ua hana kekahi hui ʻē aʻe i loko o kahi ʻano wai i loaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻano hōkū, ʻike ʻia kēia puke ma Physical Review.
ʻAʻole like me nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana ʻē aʻe, aniani manawa mai ka monoammonium phosphate, ua hana ʻia mai kahi mea paʻa me kahi ʻano kino i kauoha ʻia, ʻo ia. aniani kahiko. ʻO ke koena o nā mea i hana ʻia ai nā kristal manawa a hiki i kēia manawa ua hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ua hana mua nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā kristal manawa ma 2016. ʻO kekahi o ia mau mea i hana ʻia me ke daimana me nā hemahema, ʻo kekahi i hana ʻia me ke kaulahao o nā ion ytterbium.
ʻO nā kristal maʻamau e like me ka paʻakai a me ka quartz he mau hiʻohiʻona o nā kristal spatial ʻekolu-dimensional. Hoʻokumu ko lākou mau ʻātoma i ʻōnaehana hou i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. ʻOkoʻa nā aniani manawa. ʻO ko lākou mau mana e haʻalulu mua ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a laila ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohauʻoli ʻia e ka puʻupuʻu mana magnetic (resonance). Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "hōʻailona".
Loaʻa ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka aniani manawa i loko o kahi alapine, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa nā resonances o nā pulses. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻātoma i nā kristal manawa i aʻo ʻia i kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua o ka makahiki i hala ma ke alapine o ka hapalua wale nō ke alapine o nā pulsations o ke kahua magnetic e hana ana ma luna o lākou.
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kristal manawa hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā uaki atomika, nā gyroscopes a me nā magnetometers, a kōkua i ka hana ʻenehana quantum. Ua hoʻolaha ka US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) i ke kālā no ka noiʻi ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻike ʻepekema ʻē aʻe o nā makahiki i hala.
- ua haʻi ke poʻo o ka papahana DARPA iā Gizmodo, Kauka Roza Alehanda Lukashev. He hūnā nā kikoʻī o kēia mau haʻawina, wahi āna. Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoholo he hanauna hou kēia o nā uaki atomika, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka paʻa ma mua o nā hale hana paʻakikī e hoʻohana nei. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻohana ʻia ia mau manawa i nā ʻōnaehana koa koʻikoʻi, me ka laʻana, GPS.
ʻO ka Nobel Prize Laureate Frank Wilczek
Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā kristal manawa, ua hāpai ʻia lākou ma ke kumumanaʻo. Ua haku ʻia i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei e kekahi ʻAmelika, ʻo ka Nobel laureate. Frank Wilczek. I ka pōkole, ʻo kona manaʻo e wāwahi i ka symmetry, e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka theoretical time crystals, symmetry e haki ʻia ʻaʻole wale i ʻekolu anana spatial, akā i ka hā - i ka manawa. Wahi a Wilczek's theory, loaʻa i nā kristal kino ke ʻano hana hou ʻaʻole wale ma ka lewa akā i ka manawa. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ka haʻalulu o nā mana i loko o ka lattice aniani, ʻo ia hoʻi. ka neʻe ʻana me ka lako manaʻo ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e nā physicists he mea hiki ʻole a hiki ʻole.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i nā kristal i makemake ʻia e ka theorist kaulana a ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia, ma 2016 physicists ma ke Kulanui o Maryland a me Harvard University i kūkulu i "discontinuous" (a discrete) manawa kristal. ʻO kēia nā ʻōnaehana o nā ʻātoma a i ʻole nā iona e hōʻike ana i ka neʻe hui a me ka cyclic, e hana ana e like me kahi kūlana mea hou i ʻike mua ʻole ʻia, kūpaʻa i nā pilikia liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole like ʻole e like me Prof. Wilczek, ʻo nā kristal manawa hou i ʻike ʻia he mea hoihoi ia e huki ai i ka makemake koa. A he mea nui ia.
