pahu kaua nui M60

ʻO ka M60A3 ka mana hana hope loa ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā pahu kaua nui M1 Abrams e hoʻohana nei. Ua loaʻa i ka M60A3 kahi mākau laser a me kahi kamepiula hoʻomalu ahi.

Ma Ianuali 14, 1957, ʻo ke Kōmike Hoʻohui Hui Pū ʻIa, e hana ana i ka XNUMXs i ka US Army, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e noʻonoʻo hou ʻia ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o nā kaʻa. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu ka Luna Nui o ka pūʻali koa US, ʻo General Maxwell D. Taylor, i ka Hui Kūikawā no ka Armament of Future Tanks or Similar Fighting Vehicles - ARCOVE, i.e. he hui kūikawā no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka pahu e hiki mai ana a i ʻole kahi kaʻa kaua like.

Ma Mei 1957, ua ʻōlelo ka hui ARCOVE i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana me nā missiles alakaʻi ma hope o 1965, a ua kaupalena ʻia ka hana ʻana i nā pū maʻamau. I ka manawa like, e hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano pale kaua hou no nā missiles alakaʻi, ʻo ka hana ʻana ma luna o nā kaʻa ponoʻī pono e kālele ʻia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu ahi ʻoi aku ka hiki ke hana i ke ao a me ka pō, ma ka pale ʻana i nā kaʻa kaua a me ka palekana o nā hui.

ʻO kahi hoʻāʻo e hoʻonui i ka mana ahi o ka M48 Patton ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano pū like ʻole i kau ʻia ma nā turrets i hoʻololi ʻia. Hōʻike ke kiʻi iā T54E2, i kūkulu ʻia ma ka chassis o ka pahu M48, akā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka pū 140-mm T3E105 ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole naʻe i hele i ka hana.

I ʻAukake i ka makahiki 1957, ua ʻae ʻo General Maxwell D. Taylor i kahi papahana hoʻomohala pahu hou e hoʻokumu nui ʻia ma nā manaʻo ARCOVE. A hiki i ka makahiki 1965, e mālama ʻia ʻekolu papa o nā kaʻa (me nā mea kaua 76-mm, 90-mm a me 120-mm, ʻo ia hoʻi ka māmā, ka liʻiliʻi a me ke kaumaha), akā ma hope o ka makahiki 1965 e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kaʻa māmā no nā pūʻali mokulele me MBT. E hoʻohana ʻia ka pahu kaua nui no ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā huakaʻi hele kaʻa a no nā hana hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka hohonu o ka hana o ka pūʻulu kaua ʻenemi, a me kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana hoʻokele. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohui i nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi tank medium (manuvering actions) a me kahi pahu kaumaha (infantry support), a me kahi pahu māmā (reconnaissance and observation operations) i manaʻo ʻia e iho i lalo i ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻololi ʻia i kēia kuleana e ka pahu kaua nui, ʻo ia ke ʻano waena ma waena o nā kaʻa ʻokoʻa a me nā kaʻa kaumaha. I ka manawa like, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolako ʻia nā pahu hou mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana me nā mīkini diesel.

I kā lākou noiʻi ʻana, makemake nui ka hui ARCOVE i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻa kaua Soviet. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka bloc Hikina ka waiwai nui ma luna o nā pūʻali koa o nā ʻāina NATO, akā he pono kūpono hoʻi i ke kahua o nā mea kaua. I mea e pale ai i kēia hoʻoweliweli, ua manaʻo ʻia he 80 pakeneka. ka hiki ke ku i ka pahu hopu me ka hahau mua, ma ka mamao kaua maʻamau ma waena o nā kaʻa. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia nā koho like ʻole no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, i ka manawa hoʻokahi ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻopaʻa lima me nā missiles alakaʻi anti-tank ma kahi o kahi pū maʻamau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hele ka US Army i kēia ala me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana anti-tank Ford MGM-51 Shillelagh, e kūkākūkā hou ʻia ma hope. Eia kekahi, ua uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻolālā i nā projectiles hoʻoheheʻe smoothbore me ka wikiwiki muzzle kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi nui e haʻalele i ka māhele ʻana o nā pahu i nā papa. ʻO nā hana pahu pahu a pau i loko o nā pūʻali koa a me nā mechanized e hana ʻia e hoʻokahi ʻano pahu, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pahu kaua nui, kahi e hoʻohui ai i ka mana ahi a me ka pale kaua o kahi pahu kaumaha me ka neʻe, maneuverability a me ka maneuverability o kahi pahu waena. Ua mana'o 'ia ua hiki ke ho'okō 'ia, i hō'ike 'ia e ka po'e Lūkini i ka hana 'ana i ka 'ohana tank T-54, T-55 a me T-62. ʻO ke ʻano lua o ka pahu, me ka hoʻohana palena ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia ka pahu māmā no nā pūʻali ea a me nā ʻāpana hoʻokele, e hoʻololi ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ka ea a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka parachute, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manaʻo pahu. ʻO ka Soviet tank PT-76, akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia no kēia kumu, he pahu lana, akā hiki ke pae mai ka lewa. ʻO kēia keʻano i hanaʻia ai ka M551 Sheridan, me 1662 i kūkuluʻia.

ʻO nā mīkini ʻihi

Ua lohi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pūʻali koa US i nā mīkini diesel a ma muli o ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka hui logistic, a i ʻole, nā loea i ke kahua o ka lako wahie. I Iune 1956, ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā ʻenekini compression-ignition i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie o nā kaʻa kaua, akā ʻaʻole ia a hiki i Iune 1958 i ʻae ʻia e ka 'Oihana o ka pūʻali koa, ma kahi ʻaha kūkā e pili ana i ke kulekele wahie o ka US Army. ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie diesel ma ka hope hope o ka US Army. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻaʻohe kūkākūkā ma ka US e pili ana i ka flammability o ka wahie māmā (gasoline) a me ka hiki ʻole o nā pahu ke puhi inā paʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi ʻAmelika i ka pio ʻana o nā kaʻa i ke Kaua Honua II mai ka ʻike ʻana i ke ahi pahu a i ʻole ka pahū ʻana ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o kāna mau mea kaua, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomaka ai ka pahū a me ke ahi i loko o ke keʻena kaua, a ʻaʻole ma hope o ka pā ahi.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mīkini pahu pahu no ka US Army e ka US Ordnance Committee ma Pepeluali 10, 1954, e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mana hou e like me ka hiki me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka Continental AV-1790 gasoline engine. .

E hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ka ʻenekini AV-1790 i hoʻāʻo ʻia he ʻenekini ʻaila V-twin i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e ka Continental Motors o Mobile, Alabama, i nā makahiki 40. He ʻumikūmālua cylinders i loko o kahi hoʻonohonoho 90 ° V i loaʻa ka nui o 29,361 lita no ka pahu hoʻokahi a me ka hahau 146 mm. He ʻehā-stroke, carbureted engine me ka compression ratio o 6,5, me ka lawa ole supercharging, kaumaha (ma muli o ka mana) 1150-1200 kg. Ua hana ia i 810 hp. ma 2800 rpm. Ua hoʻopau ʻia kekahi hapa o ka mana e ka peʻahi hoʻokele engine e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻoluʻu ikaika.