Nā mea kaua - Nānā 2040

He aha ke ʻano o ke kenekulia XNUMX i nā pūʻali koa nui loa o ka honua? He mea paʻakikī ke wānana i ka mea e hiki mai ana i ka hapa ʻelua o ke kenekulia, akā pono maoli ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻenehana e komo ai a hoʻohana ʻia paha i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka pūʻali koa US, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ai i ke kuhikuhi o ka. ka heihei o ka ikaika.

ʻO nā mea kaua o ka wā e hiki mai ana he kumuhana hoihoi. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i nā ʻano mea kaua hou, hāʻule pinepine mākou i ka noʻonoʻo maʻemaʻe ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi i pili i nā mana ʻenehana o kēia manawa. ʻo ia ke kumu ʻO kā mākou kūkākūkā ma kēia hōʻike e kaupalena ʻia i nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā papahana e hana maoli nei nā kikowaena noiʻi pūʻali koa a ʻo ia ka hopena i nā hopena e lilo i 2040 i mea maʻamau i nā pūʻali koa nui.

Ma waho aʻe o ka F-35

E pili ana i kekahi mau papahana o ka pūʻali koa hou loa o ka honua - ʻo ʻAmelika - hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he 99% o lākou e hoʻohālikelike i kona ikaika a me kona koʻikoʻi i ka hapahā o ke kenekulia e hiki mai ana.

No lakou maoli no B-21 Raider - Hoʻolālā ʻia e Northrop Grumman ka mea hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano o ka papahana (LRS-B). Wahi a nā manaʻo, hiki i ka B-21 ke lawe i nā mea kaua maʻamau a me nā mea kaua nuklea. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka mākaukau hakakā mua no nā makahiki waena o 20. Eia kekahi, ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nei ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka Raider mai kahi kaʻa kanaka i kahi kaʻa i koho ʻia. Pono ka mokulele hou e hoʻololi i nā pōkā kahiko i ka mokulele mokulele US. B-52 i B-1BʻO ka hoʻomaha ʻana i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā makahiki 40 ʻO ka inoa ʻo B-21 e hōʻailona e lilo ia i mea pana mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻoiai KC-35C (1), ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hiki i ka US Navy version o ka T-6 i ka mākaukau hana mua i kēia makahiki, ke noʻonoʻo nei ka US Navy i kahi papahana hou loa. ʻO ia ka US Navy XNUMX+ generation airborne fighter i koho ʻia F / A-XXʻaʻole naʻe e kūkulu ʻia a hiki i 2035. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻauwaʻa kaua. Hōʻike ka poʻe loea he nui nā gliders, i lawelawe ʻia mai ka makahiki 2035. F / A-18E / F Super Hornet i kēia manawa e pilikia lākou. He 6 hola wale nō kā lākou palena hoʻohana. ʻO ka awelika o nā makahiki o nā ʻauwaʻa o kēia mau mea kaua i manaʻo ʻia he 25 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole kūpono hou kahi hoʻolālā "antique" no nā mea lawe mokulele hou.

I kekahi mau mahina i hala aku nei, ua ʻae ʻo Lockheed Martin i kāna lālā pohihihi a kaulana loa i ka honua Hana Skunk (ke keʻena o nā polokalamu ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe) - e hana ana i kahi pani o ka hoʻomana SR-71 ʻEleʻele. I kēia manawa, kapa ʻia ka mīkini e nā ʻenekinia e like me 'O SR-72. ʻOiai he mea pohihihi ka papahana holoʻokoʻa, ʻike mākou i kekahi mau kikoʻī - kahi mea hōʻike mua o ka ʻenehana (i manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o $1 biliona i ke kūkulu ʻia) ua ʻike ʻia ma ka lewa ma luna o Palmdale, Kaleponi. Wahi a ka hopohopo, hiki i ke kaʻa hou ke neʻe me ka pilikia ʻole i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 7500 km / h. ʻAʻole like me ka SR-71, ʻaʻole ia he kanaka, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka palekana o ka lele a maʻalahi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā mikiona pilikia. Mahalo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hou o ka ʻenehana, e lilo ia i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā radars. Eia naʻe, liʻiliʻi ka ʻike e pili ana i ka drive, ʻoiai ma ka laulā he mau hanana hou.

Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ma ka mokulele ma kahi o ʻehā makahiki i hala. Hoʻokō ʻia ka papahana me ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻenekinia mai ka Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). i manaoia ʻO ka lā i komo ai ka mea pani Blackbird i ka lawelawe ma kahi o 2030., akā naʻe, pono e hana ʻia nā mokulele mua o ka mīkini i hoʻopau ʻia ma 2021-2022.

ʻAʻole kēia nā papahana Lockheed Martin huna. Ke hana nei ka hopohopo i nā mea pani U-2, F-117 visa. i B-2. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia i kāna mau hoʻolālā ma ʻApelila ma ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo Aerotech ma Texas, a ma Kepakemapa, e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka makahiki 75th o ka Skunk Works, hōʻike i nā kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā manaʻo hakakā hou. nā mokulele. Aia nā animation e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hanauna ʻeono o nā mea hakakā ea, ʻo ia hoʻi. mea hope F-22 Raptor - nā hoʻolālā me kahi silhouette ʻoi aku ka pālahalaha ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hoʻolālā o ka airframe.

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, ke hoʻomau ʻia nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea hakakā ʻeono o nā hanauna. ma Rūsia - ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi mea kaua piha ʻelima mau makahiki ma laila (Su-57). Ua hoʻomākaukau ka Sukhoi Design Bureau i nā papahana hoʻolālā mua no nā mīkini hou i ka makahiki i hala. Manaʻo ʻia e hana like nā papahana ʻelua, me ka manaʻo e hoʻokō ʻia kekahi mau hopena hou i nā mokulele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hiki i ka pae "5+".

Twin rotor a me ka ʻēheu hoʻololi

I ʻApelila, ua hōʻike nā hui pale ʻo The Boeing Company a me Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation i ka manaʻo o kahi mana hoʻokūkū o nā helikopter ma YouTube. SB-1 Hoole (2). Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka pūʻali koa ma ke ʻano he ʻohana o nā helikopter multi-purpose o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma ke ʻano hoʻouka kaua ma ke ʻano he mau hope. AH-64 Apache. ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ka mana lawe o ka SB-1 Defiant, i manaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he pani no ka ʻohana UH-60 ʻEleʻele Hawk, Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ma ka waena waena o 2014. E like me ka mana mua, ʻo ka mea hou he helikopa me ʻelua mau rotors nui (kahi coaxial twin rotor system with counter-rotating rigid propellers) a me kahi propeller pusher.

Hāʻawi ʻo Boeing-Sikorsky i ka hoʻokūkū - ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolālā ʻana V-280 Waiwai (3) mai Bell Helicopter, nāna i hāʻawi aku i ka US Army i kahi kaʻa i kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa loa - e like me ke kolu o nā hanauna lele lele. Ua wehe ʻia kahi prototype piha o kēia kumu hoʻohālike ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Amarillo ma Texas. Pono ka V-280 Valor e hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele uila ʻelua ʻekolu, ka huelo butterfly, nā ʻēheu paʻa a me nā mea hoʻokele hiki ke huki ʻia.

3. ʻIke ʻia o ka ikaika o ka V-280

ʻO ke kaumaha o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma kahi o 13 kg a ʻo ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 680 km/h. Hiki i ka mīkini ke lawe i nā koa he ʻumikūmākahi a ʻelua mau pailaka a me ʻelua mau ʻenehana. ʻOi aku ka radius o ka hana ma mua o 520 km. Manaʻo hopena o ka tiltrotor, i koho ʻia e like me AV-280-KA, me nā mea kaua i loko o nā keʻena i loko a ma kahi maʻa waho (missiles), a me nā drones liʻiliʻi. I ka mīkini hou, ʻo nā rotors wale nō e hoʻololi, a e noho nā kaʻa i kahi kūlana ākea, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka hoʻolālā mai ka mea kaulana. V-22 Osprey, he mokulele multirole e lana ana mai Bell a me Boeing. Wahi a ka poʻe akamai, hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka mīkini a pono e hoʻonui i kona hilinaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kona mua.

Nā moku i loaʻa ʻole

Laulā USS Zumwalt ua ʻauʻau mai ka makahiki 2015 (4). ʻO kēia ka mea luku nui loa o ka US Navy - kona lōʻihi he 180 mika, a ʻo kona kaumaha (ma ka ʻāina) he 15 tausani. kani. ʻOiai ʻo kona nui, ma muli o ka hoʻolālā kūikawā o ka hull o ke ʻano, ma ka radar ʻaʻole ia i ʻike nui ʻia ma mua o ka moku lawaiʻa.

4. USS Zumwalt ma nā moʻolelo awa

ʻIke ʻia ka moku ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ma luna o ka papa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā microgrid solutions () ma muli o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoili mana naʻauao mai nā kumu hoʻohele like ʻole. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka ikehu e pono ai no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele, nā mea hana a me nā mea kaua o ka moku ʻaʻole i hele mai mai ka mīkini hana ma luna, akā mai nā mea āpau. nā huila makani, nā mea hana kinoea maoli, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Hoʻokele ʻia ka moku e ʻelua huila ʻea Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30. Ua lako pū ʻia me kahi ʻenekini diesel pilikia 78 MW.

Papa DDG-1000 Zumwalt He mau moku kēia i hana ʻia e holo kokoke i kahakai. Malia paha, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana hoʻoili uila uila e mana iā lākou. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana o ka papahana e hoʻoikaika wale i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kumu ikehu me ka manaʻo nui i nā kumu "maʻemaʻe".

Wehe ʻo Zumwalt i kahi papa hou o nā moku moana a me kahi ʻano hou o ka hana ʻana i nā moku moana. ʻO Startpoint, kahi hui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka British Royal Navy a me ka Ministry of Defense kūloko, ua hoʻomohala i ka papahana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Dreadnought T2050 (5). ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ke pili ikaika ka hale me ka Zumwalt ʻAmelika. E like me ka Zumwalt, ua lako pae ʻāina. Hāʻawi pū ʻia hangarʻO ia ka hale helikopa kanaka nui. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hope e loaʻa kahi hale kupapaʻu no nā kaʻa i lalo o ka wai noho ʻole. Pono e hoʻolako pū ʻia ʻo T2050.

5. Dreadnought T2050 - nānā

He papa moku hou

I Kepakemapa, hāʻawi ka US Navy i kahi ʻaelike i General Dynamics Electric Boat e hoʻolālā a kūkulu i kahi submarine nuklea hoʻolālā e hiki mai ana. nā pahi kaua ballistic. Pēlā e hoʻomaka ai polokalamu Columbia, e alakaʻi i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā mea pani (ʻumikumamālua i kēia manawa) i nā submarines ballistic ballistic papa Ohio e hoʻohana ʻia nei. I loko o ke kahua o ia mea, e hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana, nā ʻenehana a me nā prototypes o kahi moku lana hou. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻAmelika e komo pū ana ʻo Great Britain i ka papahana.

"y," wahi a ke Kakauolelo o ka Navy Richard W. Spencer. Wahi a ka luna papahana ʻo Columbia ʻo Rear Admiral David Goggins, hiki ke hoʻomaka ka hana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka wā ma mua o 2021.

E lilo ana ka papahana holoʻokoʻa ma kahi o $100 biliona. ʻO ia ʻano hoʻolālā waiwai nui e hōʻike ana i ka mea nui o nā submarine missile ballistic i ka hoʻolālā deterrence US.

ʻAʻole pili ka papahana i nā moku wale nō, akā i kā lākou mau mea kaua nuklea. E loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau ʻāpana, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi reactor hou a me ʻumikūmāono Trident II D5 ballistic missiles (6). ʻO ka Columbia mua (SSBN 826) e komo i ka lawelawe ma 2031.

6. Trident II D5 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā missiles ballistic naval US ma mua

Ke ulu nui nei nā drones ma lalo o ka wai

I ka hopena o Kepakemapa 2017 ma Newport, Rhode Island, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea mua ma ka US Navy pūʻali kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ʻole i lalo o ka wai (UUV), i kapa ʻia ka inoa UVRON 1. I kēia manawa, ma kēia māhele o ka "market" pūʻali koa, loaʻa i nā ʻAmelika nā ʻauwaʻa ma kahi o 130 mau mea hana o nā ʻano like ʻole (7).

7. ʻO ka drone koa o ʻAmelika e ʻimi i nā mina ma lalo o ka wai

Ma muli paha o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pūʻali moku moana ʻAmelika e hoʻolālā nei ka poʻe Kina e hana i kahi movable. hale noho ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO ka pahuhopu kūhelu ka ʻimi ʻana i nā minerala, akā hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia no ka hana kaua. Pono ʻo ia e hana ma ke Kai Kina Hema, ma kahi wahi i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia e Kina wale nō, akā e nā Philippines a me Vietnam. Aia ke kumu kai ma kahi hohonu o 3 mika. ʻAʻole ma mua i loko o ia "abysses" ʻaʻole i hoʻohana mau ʻia kahi mea i noho ʻia.

Hoʻomaopopo ka nui o nā mea nānā i hiki ke lilo i kumu no kahi hana ʻē aʻe - ka mea i kapa ʻia. Pa Nui Malalo o Kina. E pili ana kēia i kahi pūnaewele o nā mea ʻike e lana ana a me lalo o ka wai i hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻike i nā submarine ʻenemi. Ua ʻike nā lawelawe huna e pili ana i kēia mau hoʻolālā no kekahi manawa, akā ua hoʻokuʻu ka poʻe Kina i ka ʻike e pili ana iā lākou. E hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻokō i ka papahana. I ka hōʻikeʻike koa o ka makahiki i hala, ua wehe ke aupuni Kina i nā ʻauwaʻa o nā kaʻa ʻole - nā drones moanahe ʻāpana kēia o ka ʻōnaehana pale i lalo o ka wai. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi ma ka ʻili o ka wai a ma lalo hoʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke lawe i nā mea kaua i hiki ke pā i nā submarine, a me nā ukana ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻokahi hola i kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka honua

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo 2040 i kahi manawa kūpono ʻole no mea kaua hypersonic (8), ke hoʻāʻo nei i kēia manawa, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o ke kuni o ka heihei lima. Ke hana ʻia nei kēia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me Kina a me Rusia. Hiki i nā ʻōnaehana mea kaua Hypersonic ke hahau i nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​​​kānaka ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua, kahi i ʻike ʻia no ka manawa pōkole wale nō, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hola.

8. Nā mea kaua Hypersonic - ʻike maka

Ma ka terminology ʻoihana, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻano hoʻonā o kēia ʻano ʻōnaehana papa HGV (). ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hana ma luna o lākou he mea pohihihi, akā ʻike liʻiliʻi mākou e pili ana iā lākou, a manaʻo mākou i kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai, ma kekahi mau wahi, ua kuhi hewa mākou i kēia kumuhana e nā lawelawe kūpono o nā mana nui loa - ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ia wale nō. hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mea kaua i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke kani ʻana.

Ke kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i kēia ʻano o nā mea kaua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manaʻo o ka maneuvering glide missiles, i.e. e holo ana. Hele lākou i ka wikiwiki i nā manawa he nui a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā missiles mua a aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia e ka radar. Inā hoʻohana ʻia lākou, ʻaʻole pono ka hapa nui o nā mea kaua nuklea o ka honua, no ka mea, e luku paha nā missile o kēia ʻano i nā silos missile i ka pae mua o ke kaua. ʻAʻole hiki ʻole ke ʻimi i nā gliders me ka radar no ka mea lele lākou ma kahi kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā missiles ballistic kuʻuna a laila paʻi i ka pahuhopu me ka pololei o kekahi mau mika.

Ua hana ʻo Kina i kāna hoʻāʻo ʻehiku i ʻApelila ʻO ka pahi kaua Hypersonic DF-ZF (ʻike mua ʻia ʻo WU-14). Manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka wikiwiki ma mua o 10 miliona mau makahiki i hala, e ʻae ana iā ia e lanakila lanakila i ka ʻōnaehana pale kaua US. Ma kahi o ka manawa like, ua hana ʻia kahi lele hoʻāʻo o kāna missile hypersonic. 3M22 Zirkonium hanaia e na Rusia. E like me ka maikaʻi-ike American hoike, Russian missiles ua makaukau no ka hoʻohana 'ana ma 2018, a me ka Pākē i 2020. I ka huli, i ka hoʻokō 'ana i ka mākaukau kaua e ka Russian mua warhead o keia 'ano, i manaoia e ka British analytical kikowaena Jane's Information Group. ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia no 2020-2025 makahiki.

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo i kēlā ma Rusia (a ma mua o ka USSR) ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻenehana e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā missiles hypersonic.. I ka makahiki 1990, ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua me ʻO Ju-70 / 102E pūnaewele. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua ma hope. Yu-71. Wahi a nā manaʻo, pono kēia rocket e hiki i 11 tausani. km / h ʻO ka Zircon i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei he papahana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mea hoʻoiho i ʻike ʻia ma ke Komohana BraMos II.

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ala mai ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana i ia mau mea kaua ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kulekele nuklea kūloko () ma 2001. No kekahi manawa, ua hana ʻia ka hana ma ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā missiles ultra-fast hou e pili ana i nā papahana e like me, no ka laʻana, Prompt Global Strike (PGS). I kēia manawa, akā naʻe, ua nānā ka poʻe ʻAmelika i ka hypersonic spacecraft a me nā missiles me nā poʻo kaua maʻamau, no ka laʻana, e hakakā i nā mea hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole North Korea.

Ma hope wale nō o ka ʻike ʻana e hana nui ana ʻo Rūsia a me Kina i ka hoʻouka kaua nuklea hypersonic, ke hoʻololi nei ka US i kāna hoʻolālā a me ka wikiwiki o ka hana e hoʻololi i nā missiles ballistic intercontinental o kēia manawa me nā missiles hypersonic. 

I ka pane ʻana i ka ʻike mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ʻōlelo ke poʻo o ka pale mokulele Lūkini, ʻo General Alexander Leonov, e hana ikaika ana ʻo Russia i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hiki ke hoʻōki i nā missiles o kēia ʻano.

Ua hōʻike koke aku nei ka Hope Kuhina Nui ʻo Dmitry Rogozin, e hōʻike ana e noʻonoʻo nui ana ʻo Rūsia e lawe i kahi kūlana alakaʻi i kēia heihei.

ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā lasers

ʻO nā hōʻailona a pau ma ka lewa, ma ka honua, a ma ke kai e hōʻike ana aia nā ʻAmelika i kēia manawa ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kaua laser. I ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻolaha ka US Army i nā hoʻokolohua nui Laser HELMTT me ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe (High Energy Laser Mobile Test Truck) i helu ʻia ma 10kW (e lilo i 50kW) i hana ʻia e ka Fires Center of Excellence Combat Lab ma Fort Still, Oklahoma. Ke manaʻo nei lākou e hoʻāʻo i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea kaua o kēia papa i ka lawelawe me ka pūʻali i ka waena o 20s.

ʻO kēia kekahi ʻano o ka ʻAmelika, hoʻokomo ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia no kekahi mau makahiki ma nā moku. I ka makahiki 2013, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mana o kahi ʻōnaehana mea kaua laser ma ka wai o San Diego. Pūnaehana mea kaua laser - LawWS (9) kau ʻia ma luna o ka mea luku USS Dewey. Hoʻopaʻa ʻo LaWS i nā pahuhopu lewa i nānā ʻia e kahi ʻōnaehana radar.

Ma 2015, ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi kiʻi o kahi kaʻa i luku ʻia e ka pū laser a puni ka honua, i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua kūleʻa o ka ʻōnaehana laser. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻoihana waiwai (ATHENA), Lockheed Martin. I kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka ka mea kanu ma Bothell, Wakinekona, i ka hana ʻana i nā modula no nā ʻōnaehana laser me ka mana o 60 kW no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kaʻa o ka US Army.

Wahi a ka ʻike i paʻi ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohui i ʻelua mau modula e loaʻa ai ka mana beam a hiki i 120 kW. Hoʻohana ka hopena i ka ʻenehana laser fiber a ua hui pū ʻia ke kukui mai nā modula he nui i hoʻokahi kukui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻenehana. ʻO ka lāʻau ikaika i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano i luku ai i ka ʻenekini o ke kaʻa ma ke kahua hoʻāʻo i loko o kahi mau kekona, mai kahi mamao loa, i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei.

Manaʻo ʻia nā lasers ke ala kūpono e hana ai i nā mea kaua. ʻO nā pōkā, nā pūpū a me nā pōkā lele i ka wikiwiki nui, akā kukuna laser ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a pono e hoʻopau i nā mea a pau e hiki mai ana. I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻomaka ʻo General Dynamics e hōʻuluʻulu i nā lasers 18-kilowatt ma nā kaʻa koa Stryker. Ma ka huli ʻana, ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka Navy mai 2014. ke kikowaena nā mea kaua laser ma USS Ponce a manaʻo e kau i ia mau mea kaua ma nā moku AC-130. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ka US Department of Defense e hoʻolako i nā mea lawe mokulele me nā mea kaua laser. E hoʻololi i kekahi mau ʻōnaehana missile. Hiki ke ho'okomo a ho'ohana 'ia ma luna o nā moku lawe mokulele e like me ka USS Gerald Ford, no ka mea, hiki i kēia mau moku ke ho'oulu i ka uila o ka mana kūpono a me ka volts kokoke i ka 14. volts. E hoʻohana ʻia nā lasers no nā mikiona pale a me ka ʻino.

Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua kūleʻa me nā mea kaua laser ma nā moku a me nā kaʻa kaua, makemake nā ʻAmelika e hele i mua a hoʻomaka e hoʻāʻo iā lākou ma nā mokulele. E kūkulu ʻia kahi prototype ma luna o ka pū laser i ka wā e hiki mai ana. e kau ʻia ma waapa lele AC-130 (hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka halihali S-130 Hercules), nona ka US Special Forces Aviation.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mokulele o kēia ʻano e kākoʻo i nā koa ma ka ʻāina me nā pū kuniahi nui a me nā howitzer. ʻAʻole makemake ka pūʻali koa i kēia mea kaua futuristic ma muli o kona mana luku, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e walaʻau, hiki ke lilo i mea waiwai nui i nā hana SWAT-type.

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka US Air Force ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pū laser me nā pū laser ma hope o 2030, pono e hōʻoia i ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe. E hoʻāʻo ʻia nā lasers a me ka ʻōnaehana alakaʻi beam i ka lele ʻana me ka nānā ʻole i ka paepae i manaʻo ʻia ma nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 20 mika. m a me ka wikiwiki mai 0,6 a 2,5 miliona mau makahiki.

Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā mea kaua laser, ʻaʻole maopopo mākou i kekahi ʻano o nā mea hana. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana mea kaua US Air Force piha ʻekolu mau ʻano o nā lasers:

1. mana haʻahaʻa - no ka "hōʻailona" a me ka nānā ʻana i nā pahuhopu a me nā ʻōnaehana nānā makapō;
2. mana maʻamau - no ka pale ʻana iā ia iho i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā missiles alakaʻi infrared;
3. uila uila - e hakakā i nā pahuhopu ea a me ka honua.

I ka hopena o 2016, ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e kōkua ka hui pale ʻo Northrop Grumman i ka US Air Force e hoʻomohala i nā mea kaua laser e hoʻolako i nā mea hou loa. Nā mea kaua F-35B, nā helikopa hoʻouka kaua AN-1 Cobra a i ʻole ka B-21 Raider bomber. Hoʻolālā ka hui e hana i nā pū laser liʻiliʻi kūpono no ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma luna o nā mokulele fighter. E holomua loa kēia mau mea hana - ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau wale i nā pahuhopu mamao, akā ke ʻimi pū nei hoʻi iā lākou i ka lele ʻana, a i ka manawa like ke kū ʻole i ke keakea. Makemake ka hopohopo lima e hoʻomaka i nā hoʻokolohua mua o kēia mau mea kaua ma 2019.

I Iune 2017, ua hoʻolaha ka US Army ua kūleʻa nā hoʻāʻo e pana i lalo i kahi helikopter Apache-type me nā lasers ma kahi mamao o 1,4 km. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hoʻokolohua e ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo Raytheon. I kona manaʻo, no ka manawa mua, ua paʻi kahi ʻōnaehana laser mai kahi mokulele i kahi pahuhopu mai nā kūlana like ʻole. ʻO ia ka manawa mua i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka laser mai kahi helikopter, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei nā hoʻokolohua me kēia mea kaua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka manawa lōʻihi. I ka mahina i hala aku nei, ua ʻōlelo pū ka pūʻali koa US ua pana i kahi drone me ia.

ʻO wai hou ka laser?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wale ʻo ʻAmelika e hana nei i nā lasers pūʻali koa. I Nowemapa 2013, ua hōʻike ka ʻoihana nūhou Xinhua ua hoʻāʻo ka pūʻali koa Kina i ka mea kaua. ʻAʻole kū ka Pākē ma nā pahu kaua ma ka honua a ma ka lewa. Mai ka makahiki 2007, ua hoʻāʻo lākou i kahi laser hiki ke paʻi i nā pahuhopu i ka orbit a puni ka honua. Ua kaupalena ʻia kēia luku ʻana i ka "makapō" i nā mea kani ma luna o ka papa o nā satellite reconnaissance, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo nā satelite spy. Eia naʻe, inā hoʻokele ʻoe e hoʻomohala i nā lasers ikaika, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke luku i nā mea like ʻole me lākou.

Me ke kālā kūpono laser orbital Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka makahiki 2023. Pono ia he ʻōnaehana ma kahi o 5 tons, ʻike a nānā nā mea ākea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamera kūikawā. Makemake ka poʻe Kina e hoʻohana i kā lākou ʻike ma mua mai ka makahiki 2005, no ka laʻana, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana laser honua me ka mana o 50-100 kW. Ua waiho ʻia kēlā ʻano mea hana ma kahi kahua hoʻāʻo ma ka ʻāina ʻo Xinjiang, kahi i hoʻāʻo ai e pā i kahi satelite aia ma kahi o 600 km mai ka ʻili o ka Honua me kahi kukuna laser.

Pīhoihoi ʻo Kina i ka hana ʻana mea kaua laser lima. ʻO kona helehelena ma 2016 ma ka hōʻikeʻike makai Kina he mea kupanaha maoli. A laila ua hōʻike ʻia PY132A, WJG-2002 ʻO Odraz Barbecue-905ʻo ia, e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea hana, hana ma kahi loina e like me ka laser Israeli pale pale kaua i ka Iron Beam ("Iron Beam") a i ʻole HELLADS Laser CannonKe hana nei ʻo DARPA i kēia no kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā pu raifela Kina nā mea kaua liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana laser. Wahi a ka mea hana, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia e nā koa e kūʻē i nā drones a me nā kaʻa mokulele unmanned i hoʻohana ʻia e nā pūʻali ʻenemi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻoweliweli.

Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana Iron Beam Israeli i ʻōlelo ʻia e luku i nā missiles i ka mea i kapa ʻia. ʻāpana make ʻōnaehana hale hao, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pale kaua o ka ʻIseraʻela. ʻO Rafael ka mea hoʻolako i nā pahu pale hou. E hoʻokumu ʻia ka Iron Beam ma kahi laser ikaika a me ka ʻenehana alakaʻi holomua. I ke ao a me ka pō, pono ʻo ia e hakakā i nā missiles, nā pū kī, nā drones a me nā pahuhopu ʻāina. Ua hana ʻia ka ʻenehana ma ke ʻano he hoʻomau o nā papahana laser kiʻekiʻe ʻAmelika-Israeli - TEL ʻO Odraz MTEL.

ʻO ka Iron Beam kahi hale i hoʻolako ʻia me kāna radar ponoʻī e ʻike, e ʻimi a kuhikuhi i ke ahi, ma ke kikowaena kauoha a me ʻelua lasers ikaika. Wahi a nā manaʻo, e hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa i nā mea i loko o kahi radius a hiki i 7 km me kahi kukui laser, ʻo ia hoʻi. ma lalo o ka paepae hoʻāla hao Dome no kekahi mau kekona. Hoʻopau kēlā me kēia laser i 150-200 mau manawa ma mua o ka hele ʻana i kahi kaʻina hoʻomaha.

I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka hou ka hana ma nā lasers kaua ma Rusia. I Kekemapa 2014, i ka wā i hoʻolaha ai ka poʻe ʻAmelika i nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka pūkuniahi LaWS, ua ʻōlelo ka Luna Nui o ka Luna Nui, ʻo General Yuri Baluyevsky, e pili ana i nā mea kaua laser Lūkini. I ka makahiki 2015, ua ʻae ka luna o ka Russian Aerospace Forces, Major General Kirill Makarov, ua loaʻa iā Rūsia nā mea kaua e makapō i nā mea nānā a luku i nā pahuhopu koa. I ke kauwela i hala aku nei, ua hōʻike ka media kūloko "ua lako ka pūʻali Lūkini me nā mea kaua laser."

Ma kahi o nā mana nui, ʻo Fr. nā mea kaua laser Ke hoʻomaka nei nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e ʻōlelo i kā lākou mau mea kaua. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia makahiki, ua hōʻike ka South Korea i kēlā me kēia lā ʻo The Korea Herald ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā drones North Korea, hoʻolālā ʻo South Korea e kūkulu i kāna mau mea kaua laser e 2020.

ʻO ka September DSEI International Exhibition ma Lākana, ua hāʻawi i kahi manawa e hōʻike ai Cannon Laser ahi ahihiki ke lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no ka ʻōnaehana mea kaua ʻEulopa. Ua komo kekahi consortium hana i alakaʻi ʻia e MBDA i ka hana kūkulu. ʻO ka papahana i ʻike ʻia ʻo LDEW () ua hoʻokō hou ʻia e nā hui ʻekolu - ʻo Leonardo (ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka turret no ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka beam laser), QinetiQ (ke kuleana no ka laser ponoʻī) a me BAE Systems, a me Arke, Marshall a me GKN. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia ka hana hoʻolālā i ka hopena o kēia makahiki, pono e hoʻomaka ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hale hana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2018, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka makahiki 2019. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Dragonfire mua e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi moku Pelekane ma 2020 - aia paha Type 45 luku.

Cannon on rails, i.e.

Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei nā ʻōnaehana ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka laser a me nā pū electromagnetic, ma nā kahua hoʻāʻo o nā mana koa nui o ka honua. ʻO ka manawa o ke komo ʻana i ka hana maʻamau o kēia papa o nā mea kaua e kokoke loa, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ... ke hana nei. Mai ka palapala noi mea kaua electromagnetic loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi kūpono i ka pū. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pū kī ikaika, no ka laʻana, i ka pale kaua missile. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ma mua o nā rockets. Inā, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​ʻōnaehana anti-aircraft artillery maʻamau, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano mea kaua missile i ʻike ʻia e mākou e lilo i mea ʻole.

ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻi nui o nā pū electromagnetic ka hiki ke loaʻa i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe me nā kiʻi projectile. No laila, loaʻa ka ulu kiʻekiʻe ikehu kinetic, e alakaʻi ana i kahi lele i ka mana luku. ʻAʻohe pilikia o ka pahū ʻana o nā mea kaua i lawe ʻia, a ʻo kēia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui a me ke kaumaha, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka wahi ukana i loaʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe hou aku. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka projectile kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka paʻi ʻana i ka ʻenemi, a maʻalahi ka maʻalahi. Hoʻomaka ka wikiwiki ma ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ka pahu, ʻaʻole ma ka hapa mua wale nō, kahi e pahū ai ka pauda. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana, no ka laʻana, ka ikaika o kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i ka wikiwiki mua o ka projectile.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke haʻi i nā hemahema o nā mea kaua electromagnetic. Ma luna o nā mea a pau - koi ikaika nui. Aia kekahi pilikia o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka nui o ke ahi a i ʻole ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano o ka friction o ka ea e kū mai ana ma ia mau wikiwiki i ka wā e lele ana i ka lewa honua. Pono nā mea hoʻolālā e hakakā me ka lole kiʻekiʻe a wikiwiki hoʻi i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mahana, nā ukana, a me nā hāʻawi ʻana.

Ke hana nei nā ʻenekinia pūʻali koa i kahi hoʻonā o ke ʻano (10), kahi i loaʻa ai ka pū ma waena o ʻelua mau ala ala ʻo ia hoʻi kāna mau alakaʻi. ʻO ka pani ʻana i ke kaapuni o kēia manawa - rail, heleuma, lua kaʻa - hana i kahi māla magnetic e hāʻawi i ka wikiwiki i ka heleuma a me ka projectile pili iā ia. ʻO ka manaʻo ʻelua o ia mea kaua he ʻōnaehana static o coaxial coils. ʻO ke kahua electromagnetic i hana ʻia i loko o lākou e hana ma ka coil me ka projectile.

10. Pu Electromagnetic

Nā ʻauwaha naʻauao

A he aha ka mea e kali nei i ke koa maʻamau o ka wā e hiki mai ana?

Hiki ke kākau ʻia kahi hōʻike ʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā papahana e pili ana iā ia. Eia mākou e haʻi e pili ana. akamai rockets ʻaʻole pono ka pahuhopu a hele pololei i kahi a mākou e makemake ai. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia lākou e ka hui pūʻali koa US DARPA (11). Kapa ʻia ka papahana kahi aʻu a he mea huna nui no laila kakaikahi ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kikoʻī ʻenehana. ʻO nā wehewehe kikoʻī o Teledyne, e hana nei i kēia hoʻonā, e hōʻike ana e hoʻohana nā missiles i nā ʻōnaehana alakaʻi optical. Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana i ka pane manawa maoli i ke ʻano o ka wā, ka makani a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka pahuhopu. ʻO 2 km ka lōʻihi kūpono o ke ʻano pū.

11. DARPA Naauao Rocket

Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka Tracking Point i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kaua akamai. ʻO kāna pu panapana sniper akamai i hoʻolālā ʻia i ke ʻano e pono ʻole ai ke koa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā. Hōʻoia ka ʻoihana e hiki i nā mea āpau ke hana i nā kiʻi pololei - pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ka pahuhopu. ʻOhi kamepiula kūloko i ka ʻikepili ballistic, kālailai i ke kiʻi o ke kahua kaua, hoʻopaʻa i nā kūlana o ka lewa e like me ka mahana a me ke kaomi ʻana, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke koʻi o ka honua.

ʻO ka hope, hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i ka paʻa ʻana i ka pū a me ka manawa kūpono e huki ai i ke kumu. Hiki i ka mea pana ke nānā i nā ʻike āpau ma ka nānā ʻana ma o ka mea nānā. Hoʻolako ʻia ka mea kaua akamai me kahi microphone, panana, Wi-Fi, kahi mea ʻimi, kahi kikowaena laser i kūkulu ʻia a me kahi hoʻokomo USB. Hiki ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi - hoʻololi i ka ʻikepili a me nā kiʻi. Hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia kēia ʻike i kahi atamai, papa a i ʻole kamepiula.

Hāʻawi pū ʻo Tracking Point i kahi polokalamu i kapa ʻia ʻo Shotview e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki o ka mea kaua me nā ʻoluʻolu e pili ana me ia. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻouna ʻia ke kiʻi mai nā hiʻohiʻona i ka maikaʻi HD i ka maka o ka mea pana. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi me ka ʻole o ka pelu ʻana i ka pana, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke puhi i ke ʻano i ʻole pono ai ka mea pana e hoʻopili i kona poʻo i loko o ka pōʻino.

Me ko mākou hauʻoli a pau i nā ʻenehana a me nā hiki o nā papahana mea kaua i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻolana e hana ʻia lākou i loko o ka manawa i hoʻolālā ʻia e nā mea hoʻolālā a ... ʻaʻole loa e hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaua.