ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana a me nā ʻano o ka wai kaʻa
Nā mea
ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana brake o ke kaʻa he volumetric hydraulic drive e hoʻoneʻe ana i ke kaomi i loko o ka master cylinder i nā cylinders hana o nā mīkini ʻoki o nā huila.
ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā mea hoʻoulu wai a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoulu hydraulic, e hoʻonui pinepine ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka mea hoʻokele e kaomi ana i ka pedal brake, nā mea hoʻoponopono kaomi a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻololi i ke kumu o ka hydraulics.
Hoʻopuka ka master cylinder piston i ka wai, ka mea e koi ai i nā piston actuator e neʻe a kaomi i nā pads i nā ʻili o nā disc brake a i ʻole nā pahu.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana brake he hoʻokele hydraulic hana hoʻokahi, hoʻoneʻe ʻia kona mau ʻāpana i ke kūlana mua ma lalo o ka hana o nā pūnāwai hoʻi.
ʻO ke kumu o ka wai kaʻa a me nā koi no ia
Ua maopopo ke kumu mai ka inoa - e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he wai hana no ka hoʻokele hydraulic o nā kaʻa a hōʻoia i kā lākou hana hilinaʻi ma kahi ākea o nā mahana a me nā kūlana hana.
E like me nā kānāwai o ka physics, lilo kēlā me kēia hakakā i wela.
ʻO nā pad brake, i hoʻomehana ʻia e ka hakakā ʻana i ka ʻili o ka disc (drum), e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻāpana e hoʻopuni ana iā lākou, me nā cylinders hana a me nā mea o loko. Inā hoʻolapalapa ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, e ʻoki ʻia kona mau mahu i waho o nā puʻupuʻu a me nā apo, a e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai mai ka ʻōnaehana me ka piʻi nui ʻana. E hāʻule ka pedal ma lalo o ka wāwae ʻākau i ka papahele, a ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa no ka "pumping" ʻelua.
ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe ʻo ia i ka hau nui, hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ka viscosity a ʻaʻole hiki i kahi mea hoʻoulu ʻawaʻawa ke kōkua i ka pedal e pana i ka "brake" mānoanoa.
Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokō ka TJ i kēia mau kūlana:
- Loaʻa kahi paila kiʻekiʻe.
- E hoʻopaʻa i ka hiki ke pahū ma nā wela haʻahaʻa.
- Loaʻa i ka hygroscopicity haʻahaʻa, i.e. hiki ke komo i ka makū mai ka lewa.
- Loaʻa i nā waiwai lubricating e pale ai i ka ʻaʻahu mechanical o nā ʻili o nā pistons a me nā cylinders o ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā pipeline o kahi ʻōnaehana brake hou e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā gaskets a me nā sila. Hana ʻia nā puʻupuʻu brake, cuffs a me nā apo i nā mea synthetic kūikawā i kū i nā māka o TJ i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea hana.
Nānā! ʻAʻole paʻa nā mea sila i ka aila a me ka petrol, no laila ua pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻaila a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana brake a i ʻole kā lākou mau mea ponoʻī. E hoʻohana wale i ka wai kaʻa maʻemaʻe no kēia.
Pākuʻi wai hoʻoheheʻe
I nā kaʻa o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mineral TJ (kahi hui ʻana o ka aila castor a me ka waiʻona i ka ratio o 1: 1).
ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ia mau pūhui i nā kaʻa o kēia wā ma muli o ko lākou kinetic viscosity kiʻekiʻe (mānoanoa ma -20 °) a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (emi ma lalo o 100 °).
ʻO ke kumu o ka TF hou he polyglycol (a hiki i 98%), liʻiliʻi pinepine silicone (a hiki i 93%) me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano o ke kumu, pale i nā ʻili o nā mīkini hana mai ka corrosion a pale i ka oxidation o ka. TF iho.
Hiki ke hoʻohui i nā TJ like ʻole inā hana ʻia ma ke kumu like. A i ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā emulsions e hoʻopilikia i ka hana.
Hōʻuluʻulu
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kūlana DOT honua e pili ana i ke kūlana wela FMVSS a me ka hoʻohālikelike SAEJ viscosity.
E like me lākou, ua hōʻike ʻia nā wai kīwaha e ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: kinematic viscosity a me kahi paila.
ʻO ka mea mua ke kuleana no ka hiki o ka wai ke kahe i nā laina i nā mahana hana mai -40 ° a +100 degere.
ʻO ka lua - no ka pale ʻana i nā laka mahu i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka paila ʻana o TJ a alakaʻi i ka pau ʻole.
Ma muli o kēia, pono ka viscosity o kēlā me kēia TF ma 100°C ma kahi o 1,5 mm²/s a ma -40°C - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1800 mm²/s.
ʻO nā mea hana a pau e pili ana i ka glycol a me ka polyglycol he hygroscopic loa, i. e komo i ka makū mai ke kaiapuni.
ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole haʻalele kāu kaʻa i kahi kaʻa kaʻa, komo mau ka makū i ka ʻōnaehana. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka puka "hanu" i loko o ka poʻi pahu.
He mea make nā ʻano TJ a pau!!!
Wahi a ka maʻamau FMVSS, e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka wai, ua māhele ʻia nā TJ i:
- "Maloo", ma ke kūlana hale hana a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka makū.
- "Moistened", ua komo i ka 3,5% o ka wai i ka wā o ka lawelawe.
Wahi a nā kūlana DOT, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano nui o TA:
- DOT 3. ʻO nā wai kaʻa ma muli o nā pūhui glycol maʻalahi.
Ka wela wela, оMAI:
- "maloʻo" - ʻaʻole i emi ma lalo o 205;
- "moistened" - ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 140.
Viscosity, mm2/Me:
- "moistened" ma +1000C - ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 1,5;
- "moistened" ma -400C - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1800.
Hoʻopili koke lākou i ka makū a ma muli o kēia, haʻahaʻa ka paila ma hope o ka manawa pōkole.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā wai DOT 3 i loko o nā kaʻa me nā pahu pahu a i ʻole nā pahu disc ma nā huila mua.
ʻO ke ola lawelawe maʻamau ma lalo o 2 mau makahiki. ʻO nā wai o kēia papa he mea maʻalahi a no laila kaulana.
- DOT 4. Ma muli o ka polyglycol hana kiʻekiʻe. Aia nā mea hoʻohui i ka waikawa boric, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka wai nui.
Ka wela wela, оMAI:
- "maloʻo" - ʻaʻole i emi ma lalo o 230;
- "moistened" - ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 150.
Viscosity, mm2/Me:
- "moistened" ma +1000C - ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 1,5;
- "moistened" ma -400C - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1500.
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o TJ ma nā kaʻa o kēia wā me nā pahu disc "ma ka pōʻai."
ʻŌlelo aʻo. ʻO nā TJ i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka glycol a me ka polyglycol i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hana pena.
- DOT 5. Hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka silicone. ʻAʻole kūpono me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ka paila i ka 260 оC. ʻAʻole e ʻānai i ka pena a i ʻole e komo i ka wai.
Ma nā kaʻa serial, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo TJ DOT 5 i nā ʻano kaʻa kūikawā e hana ana i nā wela wela.
- DOT 5.1. Ma muli o nā glycols a me nā polyesters. Ka helu hoʻolapalapa o ka wai "maloʻo" 260 оC, "moistened" 180 degere. ʻO ka viscosity kinematic ka haʻahaʻa loa, 900 mm2/s ma -40 оH.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā kaʻa haʻuki, nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaʻa kaʻa.
- DOT 5.1/ABS. Hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kaʻa me ka ʻōnaehana anti-lock braking. Hana ʻia ma ke kumu i hui pū ʻia me nā glycols a me ke silicone me kahi pūʻolo o nā mea hoʻohui anti-corrosion. Loaʻa nā waiwai lubricating maikaʻi, kiʻekiʻe ka paila. ʻO ka glycol i ke kumu e hana i kēia papa o TF hygroscopic, no laila ua kaupalena ʻia ko lākou ola lawelawe i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki.
I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā wai hoʻoheheʻe home me nā inoa DOT 4.5 a me DOT 4+. Aia nā ʻano o kēia mau wai i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi, akā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia kēlā hōʻailona e ka ʻōnaehana honua.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi wai kaʻa, pono ʻoe e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana kaʻa.
No ka laʻana, i nā huahana AvtoVAZ hou, no ka "hoʻopiha mua", hoʻohana ʻia nā brand TJ DOT4, SAEJ 1703, FMSS 116 o ka brand ROSDOT ("Tosol-Sintez", Dzerzhinsk).
Ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai kaʻa
He mea maʻalahi ke kaohi ʻana i ka pae wai o ka pahu e ka max a me nā min mark ma nā paia o ka waihona i loaʻa ma ka cylinder brake nui.
Ke emi ka pae o TJ, pono e hoʻonui.
He nui ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa e hiki ke hui ʻia kekahi wai. ʻAʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia. Pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka papa DOT 3 me ka mea like, a i ʻole DOT 4. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā hui ʻē aʻe, a pāpā ʻia me nā wai DOT 5.
ʻO nā huaʻōlelo no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka TJ e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mea hana a hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kaʻa.
ʻO ka "survivability" o nā wai e pili ana i ka glycol a me ka polyglycol hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki, ʻo nā silicone maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka ʻumikūmālima.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻaʻohe ʻano a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā TJ. ʻO ka pōʻeleʻele o ka wai, ka nalowale o ke aniani, ke ʻano o ka sediment i loko o ka waihona he hōʻailona maopopo e pono ke hoʻololi ʻia ka wai hoʻomaha.
I loko o kahi lawelawe kaʻa i hoʻolako maikaʻi ʻia, e hoʻoholo ʻia ka degere o ka hydration o ka wai hoʻomaha e kahi mea hana kūikawā.
hopena
ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana brake lawelawe i kekahi manawa ʻo ka mea wale nō e hiki ke hoʻopakele iā ʻoe mai nā hopena pōʻino loa.
Inā hiki, e nānā i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma nā kaʻa o kāu kaʻa, e nānā i ka manawa a hoʻololi inā pono.
