ʻO ke kanaka o ka lopako - mechanization o ke kanaka

Inā koho mākou i ka naʻauao mai nā moʻolelo kaulana, hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa a pono hoʻi. Ke kāne a me ka mīkini - e hana anei kēia hui i kahi tandem poina ʻole?

Ma hope o ka lanakila 'ana e ka Deep Blue supercomputer ma 1997, Garry Kasparov hoomaha, noonoo iho la ia a ... hoʻi i ka hoʻokûkû ma ka hou format - ma ka launa pū me ka mīkini e like me ka mea i kapaia. centaur. Hiki i ka mea pāʻani maʻamau i hui pū ʻia me ka lolouila maʻamau ke lanakila i ka supercomputer chess kiʻekiʻe loa - ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ke kanaka a me ka noʻonoʻo mīkini ua hoʻololi i ka pāʻani. No laila, ua lanakila ʻo Kasparov e nā mīkini, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Kasparov e komo i kahi kuʻikahi me lākou, nona kahi ʻano hōʻailona.

Hoʻomākaukau bluring i nā palena ma waena o ka mīkini a me ke kanaka mau makahiki. ʻIke mākou pehea e hiki ai i nā mea hana hou ke hoʻololi i kekahi o nā hana o ko mākou lolo, kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o nā smartphones a i ʻole nā ​​​​papa e kōkua i nā poʻe me nā hemahema hoʻomanaʻo. Oiai kekahi detractors olelo mai lakou no hoi huli i ka nui lolo hana i loko o ka poʻe i mua noa o nā hemahema ... Ma kekahi hihia, mīkini-hana maʻiʻo ua increasingly infiltrating kanaka i ka manaʻo - e ia mea, e like me kikohoʻe hana a maʻiʻo i augmented maoli. a i ʻole hoʻolohe. , e like me ka leo o nā mea kōkua kikohoʻe e like me Alexa.

ʻIke ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia ko mākou honua me nā ʻano "alien" o ka naʻauao, nā algorithm e nānā iā mākou, kamaʻilio me mākou, kālepa me mākou, a kōkua paha iā mākou e koho i nā lole a me kahi hoa ola no mākou.

ʻAʻohe mea e ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi aia aia ka naʻauao artificial e like me ke kanaka, akā nui ka poʻe e ʻae e mākaukau nā ʻōnaehana AI e hoʻohui pū me nā kānaka a hana mai ka "hybrid", nā ʻōnaehana mīkini-kanaka, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka maikaʻi mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

Ke hoʻokokoke nei ʻo AI i nā kānaka

Naʻauao hana maʻamau

Ke aʻo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo Mikhail Lebedev, Ioan Opris a me Manuel Casanova mai ke Kulanui ʻo Duke ma North Carolina i ke kumuhana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mana o ko mākou mau noʻonoʻo no kekahi manawa, e like me kā mākou i kamaʻilio mua ai ma MT. Wahi a lākou, i ka makahiki 2030, he honua kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka naʻauao kanaka e nā implants lolo e lilo i mea maoli i kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO Ray Kurzweil a me kāna mau wānana i hiki koke mai i ka manaʻo. ʻenehana hoʻokahi. Ua kākau kēia futurist kaulana i ka wā ma mua he lohi loa ko mākou lolo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka wikiwiki e hiki ai i nā kamepiula uila ke hana i ka ʻikepili. ʻOiai ka mana kūʻokoʻa o ka noʻonoʻo o ke kanaka e kālailai i ka nui o ka ʻike i ka manawa like, manaʻo ʻo Kurzweil ʻaʻole koke ka ulu ʻana o ka wikiwiki computational o nā kamepiula kikohoʻe e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hiki o ka lolo. Manaʻo ʻo ia inā hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o ka lolo i nā hana chaotic a paʻakikī, a laila hoʻonohonoho iā lākou no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, e alakaʻi kēia i kahi holomua ma ka helu helu a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka naʻauao i ke ala o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo AI. ʻO wai ʻo ia?

Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka naʻauao artificial i ʻelua ʻano nui: haiki ʻO Odraz Generala (AGI).

ʻO ka mea mua a mākou e ʻike ai a puni mākou i kēia lā, ma mua o nā kamepiula, nā ʻōnaehana ʻike ʻōlelo, nā mea kōkua virtual e like me Siri i ka iPhone, nā ʻōnaehana ʻike kaiapuni i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā kaʻa autonomous, i nā algorithm booking hōkele, i ka nānā ʻana i ka x-ray, e hōʻailona ana i nā ʻike kūpono ʻole ma ka Internet. , ke aʻo ʻana i ke kākau ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo ma kāu kī kelepona a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke akamai artificial maʻamau he mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui hoʻomanaʻo i ka manaʻo kanaka. He ʻano maʻalahi hiki ke aʻo i nā mea a pau āu e aʻo ai mai ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lauoho a hiki i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pālapa pū kekahi noʻonoʻo a me nā hopena ma muli o ka ʻikepili. ʻAʻole i kūkulu ʻia ʻo AGI (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōlelo ʻana o kekahi), a ua ʻike hou mākou e pili ana iā ia mai nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono o kēia ʻo HAL 9000 mai 2001. Space Odyssey" a i ʻole Skynet mai ka moʻo "Terminator".

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi 2012-2013 o ʻehā mau pūʻulu loea e nā mea noiʻi AI ʻo Vincent S. Muller a me Nick Bostrom i ka 50 pakeneka o ka manawa e hoʻomohala ʻia ai ka naʻauao ākea (AGI) ma waena o 2040 a me 2050, a ma ka makahiki 2075 e piʻi ka probability i 90% . . Ua wānana pū ka poʻe loea i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe, ka mea i kapa ʻia hana akamaia lākou i wehewehe ai he "naʻauao i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻike kanaka ma nā ʻano āpau". I ko lākou manaʻo, e ʻike ʻia he kanakolu makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka OGI. Wahi a nā loea AI ʻē aʻe he wiwo ʻole kēia mau wānana. Ma muli o ko mākou ʻike maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana ʻana o ka lolo o ke kanaka, ke kali nei ka poʻe kānalua i ka puka ʻana o AGI i nā haneli mau makahiki.

Maka kamepiula HAL 1000

ʻAʻohe amnesia

ʻO kahi pale nui i ka AGI ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ka manaʻo o nā ʻōnaehana AI e poina i nā mea a lākou i aʻo ai ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e neʻe i nā hana hou. No ka laʻana, ʻo kahi ʻōnaehana AI no ka ʻike maka e kālailai i nā tausani o nā kiʻi o nā maka o ka poʻe i mea e ʻike pono ai iā lākou, no ka laʻana, ma kahi ʻoihana pūnaewele. Akā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana AI i ke ʻano o kā lākou hana, no laila ke makemake mākou e aʻo iā lākou e hana i kahi mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka mea a lākou i aʻo mua ai, ʻoiai inā he hana like ia ('ōlelo, manaʻo. ʻike ʻia i nā maka), pono lākou e aʻo ʻia mai ka ʻohi ʻana, mai ka ʻōpala. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana i ka algorithm, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi hou iā ia, hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia ma mua o ka quantitatively.

No nā makahiki, ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema e ʻimi i kahi ala e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia pilikia. Inā lanakila lākou, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana AI ke aʻo mai kahi pūʻulu o ka ʻikepili hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou me ka ʻole o ke kākau ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻike i loaʻa iā lākou i ke kaʻina hana.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Irina Higgins o Google DeepMind i nā ʻano i ka hālāwai kūkā ma Prague i ʻAukake e hiki ai ke uhaʻi i kēia nāwaliwali o AI o kēia manawa. Ua hoʻokumu kāna hui i kahi "Agent AI" - ʻano like me kahi ʻano pāʻani wikiō i alakaʻi ʻia e algorithm e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo ma mua o kahi algorithm maʻamau - hiki iā ia ke "noʻonoʻo" i ka mea e hālāwai ai ma kahi ʻano virtual e like me kekahi. Ma kēia ala, hiki i ka neural network ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea i loaʻa iā ia i loko o ke kaiapuni simulated mai ke kaiapuni ponoʻī a hoʻomaopopo iā lākou i nā hoʻonohonoho hou a i ʻole nā ​​wahi. ʻO kahi ʻatikala ma arXiv e wehewehe i ke aʻo ʻana i kahi ʻeke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole algorithm e ʻike ai i ka noho. Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, hiki i ka algorithm ke "ʻike" iā lākou i kahi honua virtual hou a ʻike iā lākou i ka wā e hālāwai ai.

I ka pōkole, hiki i kēia ʻano algorithm ke haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea e hālāwai ai a me nā mea i ʻike mua ʻia - e like me ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, akā ʻaʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā algorithm. Hoʻopau ka ʻōnaehana AI i kāna ʻike e pili ana i ka honua me ka ʻole e aʻo hou a aʻo hou i nā mea āpau. ʻO ke kumu, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke hoʻololi a hoʻopili i ka ʻike i loaʻa i kahi ʻano hou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo AGI ke kumu hoʻohālike ponoʻī a Ms.

I ka hanohano o ka lapuwale

ʻO Mikael Trazzi lāua ʻo Roman V. Yampolsky, nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Paris, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka pane i ka nīnau o ka convergence o ke kanaka a me ka mīkini ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka naʻauao artificial i nā algorithms ".hana lapuwale". ʻO kēia ka mea e palekana ai iā mākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i ka naʻauao ākea artificial (AGI) ke lilo i mea palekana ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mana hana a me ka hoʻomanaʻo. Hoʻomaopopo naʻe ka poʻe ʻepekema hiki i kahi kamepiula superintelligent, no ka laʻana, ke kauoha i ka mana hou aku ma o ka computing kapua, ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako a me ka hoʻouna ʻana iā ia, a i ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia e ke kanaka leo. No laila, pono e hoʻohaumia i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka AGI me nā manaʻo kuhi hewa kanaka a me nā hewa cognitive.

Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi i kēia mea kūpono. Loaʻa i nā kānaka nā palena helu helu (hoʻomanaʻo, ka hana ʻana, ka helu ʻana, a me ka "wikiwiki o ka uaki") a ua ʻike ʻia e nā manaʻo cognitive. ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka ʻike artificial maʻamau. No laila, inā e pili kokoke i ke kanaka, pono e kaupalena ʻia ma kēia ʻano.

Ua poina iki ʻo Trazzi lāua ʻo Yampolsky he pahi kaua ʻelua ʻelua kēia, no ka mea, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike ana i ka pōʻino o ka naʻaupō a me ka manaʻoʻiʻo.

Nā manaʻo a me ke ʻano

ʻO ka manaʻo o nā hiʻohiʻona mechanical me nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ke kanaka ua hoʻoulu lōʻihi i ka noʻonoʻo kanaka. Ma mua o ka huaʻōlelo "robot", ua hana ʻia nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā golems, automatons, a me nā mīkini aloha (a ʻaʻole paha) e hoʻopili ana i ke ʻano a me ka ʻuhane o nā mea ola. ʻOiai ka nui o nā kamepiula, ʻaʻole mākou i manaʻo ua komo mākou i ke au o nā robotics i ʻike ʻia, no ka laʻana, mai kahi hihiʻo i ka moʻo Jetsons. I kēia lā, hiki i nā robots ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hale, kaʻa kaʻa, a hoʻokele i kahi papa inoa ma kahi pāʻina, akā haʻalele lākou a pau i ka nui o ka makemake e pili ana i ke ʻano.

Eia naʻe, hiki ke loli koke kēia. ʻO wai ka mea ʻike inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mīkini kikoʻī a me ka campy vepona ʻO Anki. Ma kahi o ka nānā ʻana i ka nui o nā hana kūpono e hiki ke hana, ua ʻimi nā mea hoʻolālā e hāʻawi i ka hana mechanical me kahi "ʻuhane". Ma nā manawa a pau, pili i ke ao, hiki i ka robot liʻiliʻi ke ʻike i nā helehelena a hoʻomanaʻo i nā inoa. Hula ʻo ia i ke mele, pane i ka hoʻopā ʻana e like me ka holoholona, ​​a hoʻoulu ʻia e ka launa pū ʻana. ʻOiai hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo, e kamaʻilio paha ʻo ia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka ʻōlelo kino a me nā hōʻailona manaʻo maʻalahi ma ka hōʻike.

Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mea he nui - no ka laʻana, pane kūpono i nā nīnau, pāʻani i nā pāʻani, wānana i ka lewa a paʻi kiʻi. Ma o nā hoʻonui mau, ke aʻo mau nei ʻo ia i nā mākau hou.

ʻAʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia ka Vector no ka poʻe loea i ka pahu hau. A he ala paha kēia e hoʻokokoke aku ai i ka poʻe i nā mīkini, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā papahana ambisious e hoʻohui i ka lolo kanaka me AI. He mamao kēia mai ka papahana wale nō o kona ʻano. Ua hana ʻia nā prototypes no kekahi mau makahiki nā robots kōkua no ka poʻe ʻelemakule a me nā maʻiʻo ka poʻe i ʻike i ka paʻakikī o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama kūpono me ke kumu kūʻai kūpono. Kaulana pepa lopako, e hana ana no ka hui Iapana SoftBank, pono e heluhelu i nā manaʻo kanaka a aʻo i ke ʻano e launa pū me nā kānaka. ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ia ke kōkua a puni ka hale a me ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki a me nā ʻelemakule.

Pili ka luahine me ka lopako Pepper

Mea hana, superintelligence a i ʻole ka mea hoʻokahi

I ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻekolu kahawai nui i nā noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka naʻauao a me kona pilina me nā kānaka.

• Manaʻo ka mea mua he mea hiki ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia o ka naʻauao ākea artificial (AI), like a like me ke kanaka. hikiʻole a i ʻole mamao loa i ka manawa. Mai kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōnaehana aʻo mīkini a me ka mea a mākou e kapa ai ʻo AI, ʻoi aku ka hiki ke hoʻokō i kā lākou mau hana kūikawā, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi palena - ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e lawelawe wale lākou i ka pono o ke kanaka. No ka mea e lilo ana ia i mīkini, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kahi mea hana mīkini, hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka hana a kākoʻo i ke kanaka (nā ʻāpana i loko o ka lolo a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino), a hiki paha ke hoʻopōʻino a pepehi kanaka paha. .
• ʻO ka manaʻo ʻelua he manawa kūpono. hana mua o AGIa laila, ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā mīkini, kū aʻe hana akamai. He mea pōʻino kēia ʻike no ke kanaka, no ka mea, manaʻo ka supermind he ʻenemi a i ʻole he mea pono ʻole a pōʻino paha. ʻAʻole i kāpae ʻia kēlā mau wānana i ka hiki ke makemake ʻia ka lāhui kanaka e nā mīkini i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ke kumu o ka ikehu, e like me ka The Matrix.
• ʻO ka mea hope loa, loaʻa iā mākou ka manaʻo o ka "singularity" a Ray Kurzweil, ʻo ia hoʻi. ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke kanaka me nā mīkini. Hāʻawi kēia iā mākou i nā mea hou aʻe, a hāʻawi ʻia nā mīkini i ka AGI kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻike ākea ākea. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, i ka wā lōʻihi, e lilo ka honua o nā mīkini a me nā kānaka i mea ʻike ʻole.

Nā ʻano o ka naʻauao hana

• hoʻoponopono - kūikawā, pane i nā kūlana kūikawā a me ka hana ʻana i nā hana i wehewehe paʻa ʻia (DeepBlue, AlphaGo).
• Me nā kumuwaiwai hoʻomanaʻo liʻiliʻi - kūikawā, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai o ka ʻike i loaʻa no ka hoʻoholo ʻana (nā ʻōnaehana kaʻa autonomous, nā bots kamaʻilio, nā mea kōkua leo).
• Hāʻawi ʻia me ka manaʻo kūʻokoʻa - maʻamau, hoʻomaopopo i nā manaʻo kanaka, nā manaʻo, nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻolana, hiki ke launa pū me ka ʻole o ka palena. Manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻia nā kope mua i ka pae aʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o AI.
• ʻike ʻike iā ia iho - ma waho aʻe o ka noʻonoʻo maʻalahi, loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike, i.e. manaʻo o kekahi. I kēia manawa, aia kēia ʻike ma lalo o ka hōʻailona o ka palapala.