Nānā i ka Jaguar F-Type 2021: R

Ma hope o ka wā hāpai lōʻihi kahi i pāʻani ai nā haku Jaguar hui like ʻole me ka manaʻo o kahi mea pani i ka E-Type kaao, ua hōʻea hope ka F-Type i ka hopena o 2013 a hopu i ka manaʻo o kēlā me kēia.

Ua hiki iā ia ke hopu i ka nui kūpono o ka hoʻoilina ʻo Jag i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pūʻolo ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, me kahi koho maʻalahi o nā ʻenekini V6 a me V8 supercharged i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi kino hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano o ka manawa, me nā mana coupe, nā ʻano ʻokoʻa R ikaika a me nā ʻano SVR piha momona, nā paʻi kūikawā me ka Exotic Project 7, a me nā hiʻohiʻona 2.0-lita ʻehā mau pahu turbocharged hou loa. stunning pālua ʻoi aku ka affordable.

Ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea hou i ka hopena o 2019 i kekahi catnip hou, me ka ihu i hoʻolālā hou ʻia, a ʻo kēia ka hae nui F-Type R, i hoʻohana ʻia e kahi ʻenekini V8 supercharged a me nā kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hana. ʻO ka manawa kēia e luʻu ai i kēia mokuna hou loa ma ka moʻolelo ʻo Jaguar F-Type.

ʻO Jaguar F-Type 2021: V8 R AWD (423 lā)
Ka helu palekana
ʻenekini ʻano	5.0L
ʻAi wahie	ʻO ka ʻaila hoʻokele waiwai ʻole
ʻO ka pono wahie	11.3l / 100km
Hoʻopili	2 noho
Kumukūʻai o	$198,200

Hōʻike ia i ka waiwai maikaʻi no ke kālā? He aha kāna mau hana? 8/10

He paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā mea hoʻokūkū pololei i ka $262,936 F-Type R, koe wale nō hoʻokahi; ʻO Porsche 911 Carrera S, he $274,000 mea hoʻokūkū maopopo no ke kumu kūʻai a me ka hana.

Me ka 3.0kW/331Nm 530-litre twin-turbo boxer engine, hiki i ka 911 ke holo mai 0 a 100 mph i loko o 3.7 kekona wale nō, ʻo ia ka mea (kahaha, kāhāhā) ʻo ia ka mea a ka Jag i ʻōlelo ai.

E hoʻolei i kāu ʻupena a ʻoi aʻe ka nui a loaʻa iā ʻoe, no ka laʻana, kahi kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa Nissan GT-R Track Edition ($235,000) a me kahi Mercedes-Benz S 560 Coupe ($326,635k) no kahi $50k ma luna o ka noi a ka F-Type. kumukūʻai. . No laila, he mea kupanaha ka papa inoa o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, a ma ka pōkole, ʻo ia.

ʻO ka kikoʻī i ka hohonu o nā kikoʻī o nā kikoʻī o nā lako o kēia kaʻa e koi i kahi loiloi kaʻawale. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana i lalo i nā kikoʻī o nā kikoʻī o kēia kaʻa e pono ai kahi loiloi ʻokoʻa, no laila eia kahi pūʻulu o nā mea koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka pale multimedia 10-inch Touch Pro e hoʻomalu i kahi ʻōnaehana leo Meridian 380W me 10 mau leo ​​leo (me ka subwoofer), ka lekiō kikohoʻe, ka mana ikaika a me 10-kanal amplifier, a me Apple CarPlay, Android Auto a me Bluetooth. pili.

ʻO ia hoʻi ka ʻīpuka i ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā kaʻa maʻamau, "Navigation Pro", pili kelepona, kukui ambient, kahi pahu kiʻi hope, a me nā mea hou aku.

Hele mai ia me nā huila huila 20-inihi a me nā calipers ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili ʻo Windsor piha piha i nā noho 12 ala hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia (me ka hoʻomanaʻo). Aia no hoi he 12.3-inihi customizable kikohoʻe puʻupuʻu mea kani, holo moku (a me ka wikiwiki limiter), keyless komo a me ka hoʻomaka 'ana, 'akomi ua naʻau, auto-dimming a me ka wela pelupelu (hoʻomanaʻo) wipers, switchable hana exhaust, LEDs. nā kukui poʻo, DRLs a me nā taillights, a me kahi kolamu hoʻokele uila hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia (me ka hoʻomanaʻo), ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke aniau, kahi poʻi pahu mana, 20-inihi huila huila, nā calipers ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me kahi leka "R" ma ka ʻili ʻili. huila hoʻokele haʻuki, nā pani puka a me ka ʻoluʻolu waena.

Aia kekahi mea hoihoi e pili ana i kona hoʻolālā? 9/10

ʻOiai ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alanui, ʻo ka F-Type coupe version he ʻāpana mau o ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka Jaguar C-X16 Concept, ka mea i lilo i prototype kaʻa hana ma 2011, he hardtop.

Ma hope o ka coupe ka lehulehu namua ma ka 2013 Los Angeles Auto Show, I ninau ia manawa-Jaguar poo o ka manao Ian Cullum ina consultants i vetoed ka manaʻo ultra-anuʻaoʻao-wehe puka puka; ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo E-Type. ʻO kāna pane ʻana he minoʻaka ʻino a me ke kunou mālie o kona poʻo.

He mea hilahila ʻaʻole hiki i ka puka i ka papahele o ka lumi hōʻikeʻike, akā ʻo ka E-Type ka mana hoʻolālā ikaika i kona hope.

ʻO ka huila hoʻokele haʻuki i uhi ʻia i ka ʻili e hōʻike ana i ka pūlima "R". (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

Ma kahi o 4.5m ka lōʻihi, ma kahi o 1.9m ākea a ma luna o 1.3m wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka F-Type R i ka metala ma mua o nā kiʻi, he hōʻailona paha o ka hoʻolālā kaʻa haʻuki kūleʻa.

He pāpale lōʻihi e kahe ana (me nā ʻūlū mua) (kapa ʻia ʻo Jaguar i kona ʻano "kiʻi metala wai") e puka i mua mai ke kaʻa hope, aia ma hope he ākea akā paʻa nā pūhaka. 20-inihi 10-soke rims (Gloss Black with daimana oki) e hoopiha pono i na pio huila.

Nui wau i ka hoʻolālā puʻupuʻu taillight, i hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia i ka hopena o ka makahiki 2019 e kani ana i ke ʻano o ka E-Type Series 1 a me nā Jags maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana me ka F-Type i waho. ka hana ʻana o nā kukui square.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Jaguar i kēia mau noho ʻelua ma ke ʻano he "1+1," e hōʻoia ana he mea hoʻokele kaʻa ka F-Type, a ʻo kā mākou kaʻa hoʻāʻo ʻili ʻili ʻeleʻele e hōʻike ana i kēlā ʻoiaʻiʻo. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

He manaʻo kumuhana mau, akā i koʻu manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o kēia kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maka e like me ka pōpoki (LED) a me ka grille liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi i kahi kaulike maikaʻi ma waena o mua a me hope. A ʻoluʻolu nā lima o ka puka waho i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka flush-mounted retractable i loko o nā mahana sub-zero.

Ua hoʻopau ʻia kā mākou kaʻa hoʻāʻo "Santorini Black" me ka "Exterior Black Design Pack" ($1820) no kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka weliweli. Hoʻopili ia i ka waihoʻoluʻu kino i ka splitter mua, nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a me ka diffuser hope ʻoiai e pōʻeleʻele ana i ka hoʻopuni ʻana o ka grille, nā puka makani ʻaoʻao, nā ʻaoʻao pukaaniani e hoʻopuni ana, ka hope hope, ka leka Jaguar, ka hōʻailona F-Type a me ka hōʻailona Jumper.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Jaguar i kēia mau noho ʻelua ma ke ʻano he "1+1," e hōʻoia ana he mea hoʻokele kaʻa ka F-Type, a ʻo kā mākou kaʻa hoʻāʻo ʻili ʻili ʻeleʻele e hōʻike ana i kēlā ʻoiaʻiʻo.

He manaʻo kumuhana mau, akā i koʻu manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o kēia kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maka e like me ka pōpoki (LED) a me ka grille liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi i kahi kaulike maikaʻi ma waena o mua a me hope. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

ʻO kahi dashboard ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao kaʻa i hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi pahu hopu e lana ana no ke kākoʻo hou aʻe ke hoʻomaka ka g-force e kūkulu. ʻAʻole like me nā mea ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻoihana āpau ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea hoʻokele.

Aia ka waihona kikowaena ākea he 10-inch multimedia touchscreen me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele aniau ma lalo. A ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe-definition 12.3-inch reconfigurable instrument panel (me nā kiʻi kūikawā i ka F-type) ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka māmā a me ka maʻalahi.

Hāʻawi ka mea hope i kahi koho o nā kumumanaʻo hōʻike, me kahi palapala hoʻokele piha, akā ke hōʻike nei ke ʻano paʻamau i ka tachometer kikowaena nui. Maikaʻi loa.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā hoihoi i lawe ʻia mai ke kumu hoʻohālike mua, ʻo ia nā puka makani hāʻule i lalo. Noho paʻa ka pā a hiki i ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke aniau e piʻi mālie ai ka luna, me ka lua o nā puka makani hiki ke hoʻololi. ʻOluʻolu loa (no pun intended).

Pehea ka pono o ka lumi o loko? 7/10

Inā e holo ana ʻoe i kāu F-Type R i kēlā me kēia lā, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o kāu uku yoga no ka mea ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka komo ʻana a me ka puka no ka hele wikiwiki a me ka maʻalahi o nā lālā.

I ka manawa i loko, akā naʻe, i loko o kāna ʻano coupe ʻelua-puka, hāʻawi ka F-Type i nā koho waiho nui, me kahi pahu mīkina lima kūpono, pahu kikowaena / pahu pahu lima, nā pahu puka liʻiliʻi, kahi ʻeke mesh ma luna o ke kumu. he mahele ma waena o nā noho a me nā kīʻaha kīʻaha ma ka console.

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Hoʻopili ka mana a me ka pilina i loko o kahi kumu 12V ma ka dash a ʻo kekahi ma ke keʻena mālama kikowaena, ma hope o ʻelua mau awa USB-A a me kahi slot micro-SIM.

ʻOiai ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka papahele kumu (alloy), ke hāʻawi nei ka F-Type Coupe i nā wahi ukana kūpono me 310 mau lita i hāʻawi ʻia, piʻi aʻe i 408 me ka wehe ʻana o ke poʻi.

Ua lawa ka moni ʻana i kahi pahu liʻiliʻi (36-lita) a me kahi pahu nui (95-lita), a aia ʻelua mau heleuma (maikaʻi-chromed) a me nā kaula paʻa elastic ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o kahi papa liʻiliʻi ma ka poʻo.

He aha nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka mīkini a me ka hoʻoili? 9/10

Hoʻohana ʻia ka F-Type R e ka Jaguar's all-alloy (AJ133) 5.0-lita V8 supercharged, hoʻokele pololei, hoʻololi (intake) camshaft, Eaton (Roots-style) supercharger, hana 423 kW (567 hp) ma 6500 rpm a me 700 Nm mai 3500-5000 rpm.

Hoʻouna ʻia ke kaʻa i nā huila ʻehā ma o ka hoʻoili ʻakomi ʻewalu wikiwiki ʻo Quickshift a me ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa huila āpau a Jaguar me ka ʻenehana Intelligent Driveline Dynamics (IDD).

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana holo kaʻa holoʻokoʻa ma kahi electro-hydraulic multi-plate (wet) clutch i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka electro-hydraulic drive centrifugal. ʻO 10/90 ka pae paʻamau ma mua / hope, ʻoiai ke ʻōlelo nei ʻo Jaguar ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mana piha mai 100% hope a 100% mua e lawe wale i 165 milliseconds.

Hoʻolako ʻia ka ʻenekini me ka hoʻoheheʻe pololei ʻana, ka hoʻohele ʻana i ka māhele (inlet) a me kahi Eaton (Roots type) supercharger, e hāʻawi ana i ka mana o 423 kW (567 hp) ma 6500 rpm a me 700 Nm ma 3500-5000 rpm. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

Mālama mau ka ʻōnaehana IDD i ka wikiwiki o kēlā me kēia huila a me ka huki ʻana, ka hoʻoemi hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ke kihi hoʻokele a me ka ikaika braking, a me ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana o ke kaʻa.

Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi algorithm e hoʻoholo ai i nā huila e nalowale ana ka traction, a ma mua o ka nalowale ʻana o ka huki ʻana, e hoʻohuli hou i ke kaʻa i kēlā mau huila hiki ke hoʻohana maikaʻi iā ia.

Noho i kēia lā kaʻanūpepa alakaʻi pule pule

Ehia ka nui o ka wahie e pau ai? 7/10

ʻO ka hoʻokele waiwai wahie i koi ʻia i ka pōʻaiapili hui (ADR 81/02 - urban, extra-urban) he 11.3 l / 100 km, ʻoiai ka F-Type R emits 269 g / km o CO2 i ka lewa.

ʻOiai ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa / hoʻomaka hana maʻamau, ma kahi o 350 km o ke kūlanakauhale, ke kaʻa kaʻa a me ke ala kaʻa, ua hoʻopaʻa mākou (i hōʻike ʻia ma ka dashboard) i ka ʻai ʻana o 16.1 l/100 km.

He maʻa inu paʻakikī ia, akā kūpono ia i kēia ʻāpana huahana, a paʻa mau mākou i ke kinoea.

ʻO ka wahie i ʻōlelo ʻia he 95 octane premium unleaded gasoline a pono ʻoe i 70 lita e hoʻopiha i ka pahu. Hoʻohālikelike kēia i kahi ākea o 619 km e like me ka koi o ka hale hana a me 434 km e hoʻohana ana i kā mākou helu maoli ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi.

He aha nā lako palekana i hoʻokomo ʻia? He aha ka helu palekana? 7/10

ʻAʻole i helu ʻia ka F-Type e ANCAP, akā ma waho o nā mea hoʻopiʻi palekana hana maʻamau e like me ABS, EBD, traction and stability control, ua lako ka R me kahi ʻōnaehana AEB e hana ana i ka wikiwiki ma luna o ʻelima km/h. ma kahi i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 80 km / h a me ka ʻike hele wāwae a hiki i 60 km / h.

Hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana holo kaʻa holoʻokoʻa i nā ʻano ʻano Rain, Ice, a me Snow, a me nā kukuna kiʻekiʻe ikaika, ke kōkua mālama ala, kahi pahupaʻi kiʻi hope, a me nā mea ʻike kaʻa mua a me hope a me kahi Keaukaha Kūlana Monitor. '

Akā ʻaʻole nalo ka mākaʻikaʻi kaʻa kaʻa (mua a i hope paha) i ka hana, ʻo ke kōkua makapō he koho ($900), e like me ke kōkua paka ($700) a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaomi ʻana ($700). ʻO kēlā me kēia kaʻa e uhaʻi i ka pale $250 pono e loaʻa kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano maʻamau.

Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia ka hopena, aia ʻeono mau ʻeke air (mua, ʻaoʻao a me ka pale). Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka noho kaʻa kaʻa mua he wahi no ka hele ʻana no kahi pale keiki i hope. A ʻōlelo ʻo Jaguar, "E hele wale ke keiki ma ka noho kaʻa mua inā pono a ʻae ʻia e ke kānāwai aupuni a mokuʻāina paha."

Palapala hōʻoia a me ka helu palekana

Palapala Hoʻopaʻa Kumu

5 makahiki / palena palena ʻole


palapala hoʻokō

Ka helu palekana ANCAP

ʻEhia ke kumukūʻai o ka loaʻa ʻana? He aha ke ʻano hōʻoia i hāʻawi ʻia? 8/10

Ua uhi ʻo Jaguar i kāna lineup kaʻa hou ma Australia me kahi palapala hōʻoia ʻekolu makahiki, 100,000 km, ʻoi aku ka parsimonious i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka maʻamau maʻamau maʻamau o ʻelima mau makahiki no ka mileage palena ʻole, a ma hope o nā mea pāʻani premium e like me Mercedes-Benz a me Genesis. nona ka palapala hoʻokō elima makahiki. makahiki/km palena ʻole.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻekolu makahiki ka palapala pena a me ka corrosion (perforation), a ʻo ke kōkua ʻaoʻao o ke alanui no 12 mahina.

A ʻo ka mea hope akā ʻaʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka F-Type (i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka hōʻailona waena o ka lawelawe ma luna o ka moku) he manuahi no ʻelima mau makahiki/130,000 km.

Pehea ke ano o ke kalaiwa? 9/10

ʻAe, ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha ka 2021 Jaguar F-Type R he holoholona maoli. ʻOi aku ka nui o 1.7 tons a me ka 423kW/700Nm e koi ʻia e hoʻolalelale i mua, ma ke ʻano o ka wikiwiki laina pololei, he pōpoki hū ma nā ʻano āpau.

E ʻeli i kou wāwae ʻākau a holo i ka 0 km/h i loko o 100 kekona wale nō i kahi hoʻokani sonic huhū ma muli o kahi supercharged 3.7-lita V4.0 a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe haʻuki. ʻO nā ʻīpuka i hoʻohana ʻia i ka uila i loko o ka muffler hope o ka hope e pani ʻia a hiki i ka wehe ʻana ma lalo o ka ukana, a ʻo ka pōʻino, wehe lākou.

E hauʻoli ka poʻe nona ka F-Type R e ʻimi nei e noho maikaʻi me ko lākou mau hoalauna i ka ʻike ʻana aia kahi hiʻohiʻona "hoʻomaka mālie", akā i ka wā i hoʻokele ai ʻoe i kekahi mau poloka, hiki i ka mīkini ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kula āpau i kou alo. . piha me nā pahū a me nā pops i ka wā e piha ana.

Hele mai ia me ka ho'opau ho'ololi hiki ke ho'ololi. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

Loaʻa nā 700Nm o ka torque kiʻekiʻe loa mai 3500 a 5000rpm, a ʻo ka huki waena waena he ferocious. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ala pilikino lōʻihi, ʻōlelo ʻo Jaguar e hiki i kēia kaʻa i kahi (palena uila!) ʻoi loa ka wikiwiki o 300 km / h.

Ua loaʻa i ka ʻewalu wikiwiki nā hoʻololi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka XE-based SV Project 8, a he nani. ʻO kahi poloka maʻamau e pili ana i ka mea hoʻololi torque ma mua o ka paʻa pālua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Quickshift", a ʻo ia. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lima ma waena o nā lākiō me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoe i kau ʻia ma ka huila he wikiwiki a maikaʻi.

ʻO ke poʻo i kāu alanui B punahele a me ka hiki i ka F-Type R ke waiho i kona mana āpau me ka ʻole o ka haunaele. E hoʻokele i nā kihi paʻa a paʻa ke kaʻa, noho i lalo a holo wikiwiki mai kekahi kihi a i kekahi ʻaoʻao, kahi ʻōnaehana kaʻa huila akamai e hāʻawi hou ana i ka torque ma waena o nā axles a me nā huila pākahi.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa uila uila maʻamau a me ka torque vectoring (ma ka braking) e kōkua pū i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea āpau, e hoʻohuli ana i nā mea holo kaʻa i waho o ke alanui i nā virtuosos kiʻekiʻe.

He mea makemake nui wau i ka hoʻolālā puʻupuʻu taillight, i hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia no ka hoʻopou hope o 2019. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana he (aluminum) mau iwi makemake ʻelua i mua a i hope me nā pūnāwai i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia a me nā kaola anti-roll i hoʻohui ʻia i ka 2019 update. Aia nā dampers hiki ke hoʻololi mau ʻia ma ka puʻuwai o ka ʻōnaehana Adaptive Dynamics, e aʻo ana i kou ʻano a hoʻoponopono ʻia e like me ia.

Hoʻohui ka hoʻokele uila i ke ala maikaʻi loa me ka pololei ʻoluʻolu, a ʻike ke kaʻa i ke kaulike akā naʻe a me ka pane ʻana i ka wā e holo ai me ka hoihoi.

Ma ke ʻano mālie, ʻike ka hoʻopono adaptive i nā hewa ʻole o ke alanui a hoʻoponopono i nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻomaha no ka holo ʻoluʻolu. Wahi a Jaguar, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā valve damper a me ka hoʻokele algorithm e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hōʻoluʻolu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe, a hiki iaʻu ke hōʻoia i ko lākou pono.

Ma hope koke iho o ke kaʻa ʻana i kēia F-Type, ua hoʻohana ʻo RI i kekahi manawa ma kahi supercharged V6 F-Type P380 R-Dynamic a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia R.

ʻO nā kaila he Pirelli P Zero i hoʻomohala kūikawā (265/35 mua - 305/30 mua) a ʻo nā kaʻa kaʻa maikaʻi loa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia 380mm mua a me 376mm hope.

ʻAe, ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha ka 2021 Jaguar F-Type R he holoholona maoli. (Kiʻi: James Cleary)

ʻO ka hoʻoholo

ʻO ka Jaguar F-Type R ka wikiwiki a me ka ikaika e like me ka nani. ʻOiai he ʻuʻuku a nele i ka palekana hana, he mea ʻenehana maikaʻi loa ia, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hui kupaianaha o ka hana, dynamics a me ka hōʻoluʻolu.