ʻO ke awa ākea hou, ka pōhaku hou

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mana kaʻa 201 Chang Zheng-7 mai ka hale hoʻokuʻu LC340 o ka Wenchang Satellite Launch Center ma Hainan Island.

Ma Iune 25, 2016 ma 12: 00: 07,413: 20 UTC (00: 201 Kina manawa), ka Chang Zheng-7 version 340 hoʻokuʻu kaʻa kaʻa mai Launch Complex LCXNUMX ma Wenchang Satellite Launch Center ma Hainan Island.

No ka poʻe Kina, he hoʻolaha holomua kēia - ʻaʻole ia i hoʻomaka wale i kahi cosmodrome hou a me kahi rocket hou a pili i ke kaiapuni, akā ua hoʻāʻo pū kekahi i nā ʻenehana, ʻenehana a me nā mea hana no nā pono o ka papahana lewa Celestial, me kahi kumu hoʻohālike o ka ʻO ka cockpit o ka mokulele e hiki mai ana, i hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻia i ka Honua ka pane iā ʻAmelika Orion a i ʻole RF.

ʻO nā awa ākea e kū nei

I kēia manawa, aia ʻekolu mau kikowaena o ka PRC, kahi e kau ai i mua o ka honua ma ke ʻano o ka helu, ka helu like ma Rūsia, a hoʻokahi hou aku ma United States. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā mea hoʻolaha ikaika, akā me he mea lā ua kūlike ko lākou helu me nā pono o kēia manawa. ʻO JSLC ka mokulele mokulele mua o Kina, ʻo ia hoʻi. ʻO ka Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka inoa no kekahi mau makahiki no ka mea he kahua hoʻāʻo missile ballistic huna i hana ʻia mai ka makahiki 1958) aia ma Gansu Province ma ka Desert Gobi, ma kahi o 1600 km. mai Pekina. Ua hana ʻia kāna hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lewa i ka makahiki 1970, i ka wā i lilo ai ka People's Republic of Kina i ʻāina ʻelima (ma hope o ka USSR, USA, Farani a me Iapana) i haku i ka hana paʻakikī o ka lele mokulele. ʻO CZ-1 (Chang Zheng, chi. Long March), FB-1 (Feng Bao, chi. Storm) i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka hale, a i kēia manawa nā ʻano CZ-2 like ʻole, me CZ-2F me Shenzhou a me CZ manned spacecraft -ʻehā. . Mai ia mea, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā satelite i nā orbit haʻahaʻa me nā inclinations i ka laulā o 4-41 °.

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu mua ʻana o ka rocket space XSLC mai Xichang Space Center ma Sichuan i hana ʻia ma 1984. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka cosmodrome i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā rockets e hele i nā orbit geostationary, no laila ʻo ka telecommunications a me meteorological, a me nā satelite ʻepekema a me nā probes lunar. . Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o ke ʻano CZ-3 ma aneʻi, a me ka CZ-2C a me CZ-2E.

ʻO ke kahua mokulele Kina hope loa i noho ʻia ʻo TSLC, a i ʻole Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. Aia ma ka moku ʻo Shanxi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hana lewa ma 1988. Loaʻa i ka spaceport kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā azimuths hoʻomaka, hiki iā ia ke komo i nā orbit circumpolar wale nō. No laila, ʻaneʻane hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia nā satelite nānā honua i lawe ʻia e CZ-4 rockets mai ʻaneʻi, a i ka makahiki i hala ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi kaʻa hou CZ-6. ʻO ka hope, e pili ana i ka hanauna hou o nā missiles.

Nā missile o kēia manawa

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻo Kina ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua mau hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o nā rockets wahie wai, nona nā ʻano nui ʻehā (CZ-1… CZ-4), e hoʻolauna i nā satelite i ka orbit. Hoʻokuʻu wau i nā hoʻolālā e pili ana i nā pae propellant paʻa (Kaituozhe, Kuaizhou a i ʻole CZ-11), no ka mea, he mau rockets kēia i hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha a ʻaʻole maopopo loa ko lākou hopena. .

ʻO ka nui a me ka hiki ke lawe, ʻo ka helu o nā pae a me nā ʻenekini i hoʻohana ʻia, nā rockets wahie wai āpau, a i ʻole ko lākou pae mua, ua loaʻa mai ʻelua ʻano o nā missiles ballistic hakakā DF-3 (Dongfeng-3, CSS-2) a i ʻole DF. -5 (Dongfeng-5, US-4). Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui hoʻoliʻoli pilikino hypergol e like me ka wahie. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (ʻike mau ʻia e ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo UDMH) ma ke ʻano he wahie a me dinitrogen tetroxide (ma mua o ka nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) ma ke ʻano he oxidizer i mana ʻaʻole wale i nā Protons Lūkini, ʻAmelika Titans a i ʻole Deltas, akā ʻo ka ʻohana Chang Zheng holoʻokoʻa. Pono e hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia he mea weliweli loa nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻaʻole wale no nā kānaka, akā no ke kaiapuni.

Ka mea i oleloia CZ rockets uhi i ka pono no ka uku o 1009200 502200 25005000 kg i haʻahaʻa Earth orbit, ma o 6,5 8 kg i Sun-synchronous orbit, a hiki i 3 2 2,3 kg e hoʻoili i ka geostationary orbit. I nā makahiki he nui i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe mea lawe koʻikoʻi no nā satelite geostationary nui a i ʻole nā ​​mokulele mokulele. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau ka piʻi ʻana o kā lākou nui ma mua o 20t, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia a hiki i XNUMXt, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka satellite i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka orbit geostationary me ka CZ-XNUMXB/GXNUMXt model ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua. XNUMXt. ʻO ke kikowaena, e loaʻa ana ka nui o kahi XNUMX tons.