Nā mea kaua Kina hou a me nā pale ea Vol. ʻekahi

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Rocket mai ka mea hoʻolaha o ka ʻōnaehana HQ-9. Aia ma ke kua ka antenna o kahi kikowaena radar multifunctional.

ʻO ka pale lewa o ka Pūʻali Kūʻokoʻa o Kina, a me nā mea kaua a me nā lako pale ea i hana ʻia e ka ʻoihana pale Kina me ka maka i ka poʻe e loaʻa mai nā haole, he kumuhana ʻike liʻiliʻi. I ka makahiki 1949, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka People's Republic of Kina, ʻaʻohe mea pale ea Kina. ʻAʻole i piha a kahiko ʻia nā ʻuala liʻiliʻi o nā pū anti-aircraft Iapana i waiho ʻia ma kahi o Shanghai a me Manchuria, a ua lawe nā pūʻali homin-tango i kā lākou mau lako i Taiwan. ʻO nā pūʻali pale ea o ka People's Liberation Army o Kina he hōʻailona ma nā huaʻōlelo quantitative a qualitative, a ʻo ia ka hapa nui o nā pū mīkini kaumaha Soviet a me nā pūkuniahi ma mua o ke kaua.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pale ea o nā pūʻali koa Kina i hoʻolalelale ʻia e ke Kaua Korea, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ia mea i ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina. No laila, ua hāʻawi wikiwiki ka USSR i nā mea kaua a me nā mea radar no ka ʻike maka a me ka hoʻomalu ahi. Ma ke kakahiaka nui, i ka makahiki 1958-1959, ua puka mai ka mua anti-aircraft missile squadrons ma Kina - he ʻelima mau SA-75 Dvina complexes, i mālama ʻia e nā limahana Soviet. Ma ka lā 7 o ʻOkakopa, 1959, ua pana ʻia kahi mokulele RB-11D reconnaissance, i haʻalele mai Taiwan, e kahi missile 57D o kēia ʻōnaehana kokoke i Beijing. ʻEono mahina wale nō ma hope mai, ma ka lā 1 o Mei, 1960, ua pana ʻia kahi U-2 i hoʻokele ʻia e Francis G. Powers ma luna o Sverdlovsk ma USSR. I nā makahiki i hala aʻe, ua pana ʻia ma kahi o ʻelima mau U-2 ma luna o Kina.

Launcher HQ-9 ma ke kūlana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Ma lalo o ka ʻaelike hana ʻenehana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 1957, ua loaʻa i ka PRC nā palapala hana piha no nā missiles alakaʻi 11D a me nā lako radar SA-75, akā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kā lākou hana ʻana ma nā hale hana i kūkulu ʻia e nā loea Soviet, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa ka pilina politika ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻelua, a ma Ua uhai maoli ʻia ʻo 1960, kahi i alakaʻi ai, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā limahana Soviet, ʻaʻole i pili ka hui ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻole i hele nā ​​koho hou aʻe no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana SA-75, ka ʻōnaehana S-125 Neva, a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka pale kaua anti-aircraft missile o nā pūʻali honua, i hoʻokō ʻia ma USSR i ka hapa mua o nā makahiki 60. i Kina. -75 ma lalo o ka inoa HQ-2 (HongQi - Red Banner) i hoʻomaka wale i ka 70s (ʻae ʻia i ka lawelawe ma 1967) a hiki i ka manawa o nā 80s a me 90s ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana missile anti-aircraft i hoʻohana ʻia i loko. ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pūʻali pale ea CHALV. ʻAʻohe ʻikepili hilinaʻi i ka helu o nā ʻōnaehana (squadron kits) i hana ʻia, e like me ka ʻike i loaʻa, aia ma mua o 150 o lākou (e pili ana i 1000 launchers).

Inā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 50st i ke kākoʻo o nā ʻōnaehana missile anti-aircraft, i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ka USSR i ka waena o 1957s a hana ʻia mai ka makahiki 80, ua hōʻike ʻia i ka hope hope loa o ka People's Liberation Army o Kina, a laila ke kūlana i ke kula. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka ea o nā pūʻali koa honua ua aneane pōʻino. A hiki i ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 2, ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā mea kiʻi puʻupuʻu ponoʻī hou i ka OPL o ka Ground Forces o ka CHALV, a ʻo nā kope o ka Soviet Strel-5M (KhN-7) ka mea kaua nui o ka missile. ʻO nā mea hana hou hou aku he mau mea hoʻolaha HQ-80 wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi. i hana ʻia mai ka hapa ʻelua o nā makahiki 80 ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana "silent" o ka laikini Farani iā ​​Crotale. Eia naʻe, he kakaikahi loa o lākou. I ka wā mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana liʻiliʻi wale nō i hāʻawi ʻia mai Farani, a ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o kā lākou clones ma kahi ʻano nui ma ka huli ʻana o nā 90s a me 20s, i.e. aneane XNUMX makahiki ma hope o ka prototype Farani.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻōnaehana anti-aircraft i pau i ka hāʻule ʻole, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ka ʻōnaehana KS-1, nona nā missiles hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he keʻa ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana HAWK ʻAmelika a me ka lua o ka pae o ka 11D rocket no SA -75. ʻO nā KS-1 mua i manaʻo ʻia ua kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 80 (e hana ʻia ka pana mua ma 1989), akā ua hoʻomaka ʻia kā lākou hana ma 2007 wale nō a ma nā mea liʻiliʻi.

Ua loli nui ke kūlana ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hui pūʻali koa-ʻenehana me ka USSR a laila me ka Russian Federation i ka hopena o 80s. ʻO ka S-300PMU-1 / -2 a me Tor-M1 complexes, ka moku S-300FM, a me Shtil a me Shtil-1 me nā missiles 9M38 a me 9M317E i kūʻai ʻia ma laila. Ua hāʻawi pū ʻo Kina i ke kākoʻo kālā no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā missiles vertical-launch 9M317M/ME no nā ʻōnaehana Shtil-1 a ​​me Buk-M3. Me ka ʻae tacit o ka ʻaoʻao Lūkini, ua kope ʻia lākou a pau (!) A ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana ʻana o kā lākou mau ʻōnaehana ponoʻī, ʻoi aku a like paha me ka Soviet / Russian.

Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka "kāohi" i ke kahua o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana anti-aircraft a me nā missiles e kuhikuhi ana iā lākou, i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua hana ka PRC i kahi helu nui o lākou - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manaʻo maʻamau a me nā pono o ka home a me ka hoʻokuʻu aku. Nui nā hōʻailona ʻaʻole i hana nui ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou, ʻoiai ma kahi palena palena ʻole. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia aia kahi hana lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻonā a me ke koho ʻana i nā hale hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa a me nā mea kūpono e pili ana i nā koi o ka FALS.

I kēia manawa, aia ma nā ʻāpana laina o ka ʻoihana pale he HQ-9 complexes - kope o ka S-300PMU-1, HQ-16 - "hōʻemi ʻia ʻo S-300P" me nā missiles 9M317, a i kēia manawa hoʻi nā missiles HQ-22 mua. Hoʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻia ka KS-1 a me HQ-64. Ke hoʻohana nei ka pale ʻana i ka ea o ka ʻāina i ka HQ-17 - nā kope o ka "Tracks" a me nā mea hoʻolaha kelepona he nui o nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e ʻike ai i nā mea hou o ka pale ea Kina, ʻo ia nā hale hōʻikeʻike ma Zhuhai, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki a me ka hui pū ʻana i ka hōʻikeʻike aero-rocket-space o nā hanana honua me nā inoa like me ka hōʻike nui o nā mea kaua o nā ʻano āpau. pūʻali koa. Mahalo i kēia ʻaoʻao, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā mea kaua anti-aircraft ma kahi hoʻokahi, mai ka puʻupuʻu kahiko, ma o nā mea kaua rocket, nā mea hana radar, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana me nā ʻano anti-drones, me nā lasers kaua. ʻO ka paʻakikī wale nō ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hoʻolālā mea hana i hana mua ʻia, e hana ana i ka hoʻāʻo ākea ākea, a ʻo ia nā prototypes a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hōʻike ʻenehana. Hōʻike ʻia kekahi o lākou ma ke ʻano o nā hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi a i ʻole ka maʻalahi, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻohe analogues hana.