Hoʻomaka ka physics hou mai nā wahi he nui

ʻO nā hoʻololi hiki a mākou e makemake ai e hana i ka Model Model of physics (1) a i ʻole relativity maʻamau, ʻo kā mākou mau manaʻo maikaʻi loa (ʻaʻole kūpono) o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua kaupalena ʻia. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi nui me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻole i ka holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau hopena a me nā hanana ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ma ke kumu o nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia e mākou. No laila, pono anei mākou e hana i nā mea āpau i hiki ʻole ke wehewehe a i ʻole like ʻole i nā kumu kūʻai e like me nā kumumanaʻo e kū nei, a i ʻole e ʻimi paha mākou i nā mea hou? ʻO kēia kekahi o nā nīnau kumu o ka physics hou.

Ua wehewehe maikaʻi ka Model Model of particle physics i nā pilina i ʻike ʻia a i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia. Hana ʻia ke ao holoʻokoʻa quarks, leptonov a me nā pahu ana, nāna e hoʻoili i ʻekolu o nā mana kumu ʻehā ma ke ʻano a hāʻawi i nā ʻāpana i ko lākou nuipa hoʻomaha. Aia nō hoʻi maʻamau relativity, kā mākou, pōʻino, ʻaʻole ka quantum theory of gravity, e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka manawa-manawa, mea a me ka ikehu i ke ao holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hele ʻana ma mua o kēia mau manaʻo ʻelua inā e hoʻāʻo ʻoe e hoʻololi iā lākou ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hou, nā manaʻo a me nā nui, e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena e kūʻē i nā ana a me nā ʻike i loaʻa iā mākou. Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo inā makemake ʻoe e hele ma mua o kā mākou ʻepekema ʻepekema o kēia manawa, nui ke kaumaha o ka hōʻoia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, paʻakikī ka manaʻo nui ʻole mai ka mea nāna e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻāʻo a hoʻāʻo ʻia no nā makahiki he ʻumi.

I ke alo o ia mau koi, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokūkū piha i ka paradigm e kū nei i ka physics. A inā e hana ʻia, ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui ʻia, no ka mea, hāʻule koke ia i nā loiloi maʻalahi. No laila, inā ʻike mākou i nā puka hiki, a laila he mau mea hoʻomanaʻo wale nō kēia, e hōʻailona ana e ʻālohilohi ana kekahi mea ma kahi, akā ʻaʻole maopopo inā pono ke hele i laila.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka physics kaulana ke mālama i ke ao holoʻokoʻa

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka shimmer o kēia "hou loa a ʻokoʻa"? ʻAe, no ka laʻana, ka nānā ʻana i ka helu hoʻihoʻi, ʻaʻole i kūlike me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hoʻopiha ʻia ke Universe me nā ʻāpana wale nō o ka Model Model a hoʻolohe i ka manaʻo nui o ka relativity. Ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻole lawa nā kumu o ka ʻumekaumaha, nā galaxies, nā pūʻulu galaxies, a me ka pūnaewele cosmic nui e wehewehe i kēia ʻano. Ua ʻike mākou, ʻoiai ke ʻōlelo nei ka Model Standard e hana ʻia ka mea a me ka antimatter e hana ʻia a luku ʻia i nā huina like, ke noho nei mākou i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i haku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka antimatter. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻike mākou ʻaʻole hiki i ka "physics kaulana" ke wehewehe i nā mea āpau a mākou e ʻike ai ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa.

Nui nā hoʻokolohua i hāʻawi i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, inā e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke kipi. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Atomic Anomaly e hōʻike ana i ke ola ʻana o nā ʻāpana hiki ke lilo i hewa hoʻokolohua, akā hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka hele ʻana ma mua o ke kumu hoʻohālike. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ana ʻana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa e hāʻawi i nā waiwai like ʻole no ka nui o kona hoʻonui ʻana - he pilikia a mākou i noʻonoʻo nui ai i kekahi o nā pilikia hou o MT.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe o kēia mau anomalies e hāʻawi i nā hopena kūpono e manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona hikiʻole ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia o ka physics hou. ʻO kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea a pau he loli helu helu a i ʻole he mea hana i hoʻopalike ʻole ʻia. Hiki i ka nui o lākou ke kuhikuhi i ka physics hou, akā hiki iā lākou ke wehewehe maʻalahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia a me nā hanana i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka relativity maʻamau a me ka Model Model.

Hoʻolālā mākou e hoʻokolohua, me ka manaʻolana i nā hopena a me nā ʻōlelo paipai. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike koke inā he waiwai mau ka ikehu pouli. Ma muli o nā haʻawina galaxy i hoʻolālā ʻia e ka Vera Rubin Observatory a me ka ʻikepili e pili ana i nā supernovae mamao e loaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana. nancy grace telescope, ma mua o WFIRST, pono mākou e ʻike inā e ulu ana ka ikehu pouli me ka manawa i loko o 1%. Inā pēlā, pono e hoʻololi ʻia kā mākou kumu hoʻohālike cosmological "maʻamau". Hiki paha i ka space laser interferometer antenna (LISA) ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā e hāʻawi pū kekahi iā mākou i nā haʻalulu. I ka pōkole, ke helu nei mākou i nā kaʻa nānā a me nā hoʻokolohua a mākou e hoʻolālā nei.

Ke hana nei nō hoʻi mākou ma ke kahua o ka physics particle, me ka manaʻo e ʻike i nā hanana ma waho o ka Model, e like me ke ana pololei ʻana o nā manawa magnetic o ka electron a me muon - inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae, ʻike ʻia nā physics hou. Ke hana nei mākou e noʻonoʻo pehea lākou e loli ai neutrino - ma ʻaneʻi hoʻi, ʻālohilohi mai ka physics hou. A inā mākou e kūkulu i ka electron-positron collider pololei, pōʻai a laina laina paha (2), hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā mea ma waho aʻe o ka Model Kūlana ʻaʻole hiki i ka LHC ke ʻike. I ka honua o ka physics, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi mana nui o ka LHC me ke anapuni a hiki i 100 km. E hāʻawi ana kēia i nā ikehu hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka nui o nā physicists, e hōʻailona hope loa i nā hanana hou. Eia naʻe, he waiwai kūʻai nui loa kēia, a ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pilikua wale nō ma ke kumu - "e kūkulu kākou a ʻike i ka mea e hōʻike mai ai iā mākou" hāpai i nā kānalua he nui.

2. Linear lepton collider - ʻike maka

ʻElua ʻano hoʻokokoke i nā pilikia ma ka ʻepekema kino. ʻO ka mua he ala paʻakikī, aia i loko o ka hoʻolālā haiki o kahi hoʻokolohua a i ʻole kahi mākaʻikaʻi no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi pilikia kikoʻī. ʻO ke ala ʻelua i kapa ʻia ʻo ka brute force method.nāna i hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻāʻo palena ʻole a nānā paha e makaʻala i ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma kahi ala hou loa ma mua o kā mākou hoʻokokoke mua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea mua ma ka Model Model. ʻO ka lua e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻāpana o kahi mea hou aʻe, akā, ʻaʻole naʻe i wehewehe ʻia kēia mea. No laila, loaʻa i nā ala ʻelua ko lākou drawbacks.

E nānā i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Theory of Everything (TUT), ka grail hemolele o ka physics, pono e kau ʻia i ka lua o ka ʻāpana, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hele ʻana i lalo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ikaika kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe aʻe (3), kahi o nā pūʻali o ʻo ke ʻano i hui pū ʻia i hoʻokahi pilina.

3. Pono nā ikehu no ka hoʻohui hypothetical o nā pilina

Nisforn neutrino

I kēia mau lā, ua lilo ka ʻepekema i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i nā wahi hoihoi, e like me ka noiʻi neutrino, kahi i paʻi ai mākou i kahi hōʻike nui ma MT. I Pepeluali 2020, ua paʻi ka Astrophysical Journal i kahi paʻi e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā neutrino kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ma Antarctica. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokolohua kaulana, ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi ma ka ʻāina hau ma lalo o ka inoa code ANITA (), i loko o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi baluna me kahi sensor. nā hawewe lekiō.

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻelua a me ANITA e ʻimi i nā nalu lekiō mai nā neutrino ikaika nui e hui pū ana me ka mea paʻa i hana i ka hau. Ua wehewehe ʻo Avi Loeb, ka luna o ka Harvard Department of Astronomy, ma ka pūnaewele Salon: "ʻO nā hanana i ʻike ʻia e ANITA he ʻano like ʻole ia no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia he neutrino mai nā kumu astrophysical. (...) ʻO ia paha kekahi ʻano ʻāpana e launa pū me ka nāwaliwali ma mua o ka neutrino me ka mea maʻamau. Manaʻo mākou aia kēlā mau ʻāpana me he mea ʻeleʻele. Akā he aha ka mea e ikaika ai nā hanana ANITA?

ʻO Neutrinos wale nō nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia ua uhaki i ka Model Model. Wahi a ka Model Model of elementary particles, pono e loaʻa iā mākou ʻekolu ʻano neutrinos (electronic, muon and tau) a me ʻekolu ʻano antineutrino, a ma hope o ko lākou hoʻokumu ʻana pono lākou e paʻa a loli ʻole i ko lākou mau waiwai. Mai ka 60s, i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai nā helu mua a me nā ana o nā neutrinos i hana ʻia e ka Lā, ua ʻike mākou he pilikia. Ua ʻike mākou i ka nui o nā electron neutrino i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko kino lā. Iā mākou i ana i ka nui i hiki mai, ʻike mākou i ka hapakolu wale nō o ka helu i wānana ʻia.

A i ʻole kekahi mea i hewa i kā mākou mea ʻike, a i ʻole kekahi mea i hewa i kā mākou kumu hoʻohālike o ka Lā, a i ʻole kekahi mea hewa i nā neutrino ponoʻī. Ua hōʻole koke nā hoʻokolohua Reactor i ka manaʻo ua hewa kekahi mea i kā mākou mea ʻike (4). Ua hana lākou e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia a ua helu maikaʻi ʻia kā lākou hana. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā neutrino a mākou i ʻike ai e like me ka helu o nā neutrino e hiki mai ana. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe astronomers he hewa kā mākou kumu hoʻohālike solar.

4. Nā kiʻi o nā hanana neutrino ma Cherenkov radiation mai ka Super Kamiokande detector

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hoʻololi i ko mākou ʻike o ke ao holoʻokoʻa mai ka mea i wānana ʻia e ka Standard Model. ʻO ka manaʻo, ʻo nā ʻano neutrino ʻekolu a mākou e ʻike ai he nui maoli nō, ʻaʻole wiwi, a hiki iā lākou ke hui pū (fluctuate) e hoʻololi i nā ʻono inā loaʻa iā lākou ka ikehu. Inā hoʻomaka ʻia ka neutrino, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ala i muon i taonovaka, hiki wale keia ke loaa ka nuipaa. Ua hopohopo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka pilikia o nā neutrino lima ʻākau a hema. No ka mea, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale inā he ʻāpana a he antiparticle paha.

Hiki i ka neutrino ke lilo i kona antiparticle? ʻAʻole e like me ke ʻano maʻamau maʻamau. ʻO nā fermionma ka laulā, ʻaʻole pono lākou e lilo i mau antiparticles ponoʻī. ʻO ka fermion kekahi ʻāpana me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ± XNUMX/XNUMX. Aia kēia māhele i nā quark a me nā lepton, me nā neutrino. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi ʻano fermion kūikawā, aia i kēia manawa ma ke kumumanaʻo - ʻo Majorana fermion, ʻo ia kāna antiparticle ponoʻī. Inā loaʻa ia, aia paha kekahi mea kūikawā ... neutrino manuahi pōʻalo beta pālua. A eia kahi manawa no nā mea hoʻokolohua e ʻimi nei i kahi āpau no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ma nā kaʻina hana a pau i nānā ʻia e pili ana i nā neutrino, hōʻike kēia mau ʻāpana i kahi waiwai i kapa ʻia e nā physicists he lima hema. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā neutrinos lima ʻākau, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui maoli o ka Model Model. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana MS ʻē aʻe he mana lima ʻākau, akā ʻaʻole loaʻa nā neutrino. No ke aha mai? ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili hou loa a piha loa e ka hui honua o nā physicists, me ka Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) ma Krakow, ua hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia pilikia. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka nele o ka nānā ʻana i nā neutrino lima ʻākau e hiki ke hōʻoia he Majorana fermion lākou. Inā lākou, a laila nui loa kā lākou ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻākau, e wehewehe ana i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike.

ʻAʻole naʻe mākou ʻike inā he antiparticles nā neutrino iā lākou iho. ʻAʻole maopopo iā mākou inā loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou nui mai ka nawaliwali loa o ka boson Higgs, a i ʻole inā loaʻa iā lākou ma o kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. A ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāpana neutrino ma mua o ko mākou manaʻo, me nā neutrino sterile a kaumaha paha e hūnā ana i ka pōʻeleʻele.

Nā ʻātoma a me nā anomali ʻē aʻe

I loko o ka physics particle elementary, ma waho aʻe o nā neutrino hou, aia kekahi mau wahi noiʻi ʻike ʻole ʻia e hiki ai i ka "physics hou" ke alohilohi mai. ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema, no ka laʻana, ua manaʻo hou i kahi ʻano ʻāpana subatomic hou e wehewehe i ka enigmatic ka hemo ana e like me (5), he hihia kūikawā o kahi ʻāpana meson i loaʻa hoʻokahi quark i hookahi mea kuai kahiko. Ke poʻo nā ʻāpana kaon, loaʻa kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o lākou i nā loli i kāhāhā ka poʻe ʻepekema. Hōʻike paha ke ʻano o kēia palaho i kahi ʻano ʻāpana hou a i ʻole kahi ikaika kino hou i ka hana. Aia kēia ma waho o ke ʻano o ka Model Standard.

Nui aʻe nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i nā āpau i ka Model Standard. ʻO kēia ka ʻimi ʻana i ka g-2 muon. Ma kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, wānana ʻo Paul Dirac physicist i ka manawa magnetic o kahi electron me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka g, kahi helu e hoʻoholo ai i nā waiwai milo o kahi ʻāpana. A laila, hōʻike ʻia nā ana he ʻokoʻa iki ka "g" mai ka 2, a ua hoʻomaka nā physicists e hoʻohana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka waiwai maoli o "g" a me 2 e aʻo i ke ʻano o loko o nā ʻāpana subatomic a me nā kānāwai o ka physics ma ka laulā. I ka makahiki 1959, ua hana ʻo CERN ma Geneva, Switzerland, i ka hoʻokolohua mua e ana i ka waiwai g-2 o kahi ʻāpana subatomic i kapa ʻia he muon, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi electron akā paʻa ʻole a he 207 manawa ʻoi aku ka kaumaha ma mua o kahi ʻāpana haʻahaʻa.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Brookhaven National Laboratory ma New York i kāna hoʻokolohua ponoʻī a paʻi i nā hopena o kā lākou hoʻokolohua g-2 ma 2004. ʻAʻole ʻo ke ana ka mea i wānana ʻia e ka Model Model. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i lawa ka ʻikepili no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka helu helu e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai he ʻokoʻa maoli ka waiwai i ana ʻia a ʻaʻole he loli helu helu wale nō. Ke hana nei nā kikowaena noiʻi ʻē aʻe i nā hoʻokolohua hou me ka g-2, a e ʻike koke mākou i nā hopena.

Aia kekahi mea hoihoi ma mua o kēia Kaon anomalies i muon. I ka makahiki 2015, ua hōʻike ka hoʻokolohua i ka palaho o ka beryllium 8Be i kahi anomaly. Hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻepekema ma Hungary i kā lākou ʻike. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike lākou, a i ʻole i manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa iā lākou, e hōʻike ana i ke ola ʻana o ka lima o ka ikaika kumu o ke ʻano.

Ua lilo ka poʻe physicists mai ke Kulanui o Kaleponi i ka hoihoi i ke aʻo ʻana. Ua manaʻo lākou e kāhea ʻia ka hanana anomaly atom, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi ʻāpana hou loa, i manaʻo ʻia e lawe i ka ikaika ʻelima o ke ʻano. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo X17 no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nuipaʻa like ma kahi o 17 miliona mau electron volts. He 30 manawa kēia i ka nui o ka electron, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui o ka proton. A ʻo ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o X17 me kahi proton kekahi o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e launa pū me kahi proton. Akā, pili ia me kahi electron a i ʻole neutron i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, ʻaʻohe ona uku. He mea paʻakikī kēia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻāpana X17 i kā mākou Model Kūlana o kēia manawa. Hoʻopili ʻia nā Bosons me nā ikaika. Hoʻopili ʻia nā Gluons me ka ikaika ikaika, nā bosons me ka ikaika nāwaliwali, a me nā photon me ka electromagnetism. Aia kekahi boson hypothetical no ka umekaumaha i kapa ʻia he graviton. Ma ke ʻano he boson, e lawe ʻo X17 i kona ikaika ponoʻī, e like me ka mea a hiki i kēia manawa i lilo i mea pohihihi iā mākou a hiki ke lilo.

ʻO ke ao holoʻokoʻa a me kāna kuhikuhi makemake?

Ma kahi pepa i paʻi ʻia i kēia ʻApelila ma ka puke pai Science Advances, ua hōʻike nā ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o New South Wales ma Sydney i nā ana hou o ka mālamalama i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kahi quasar 13 biliona mau makahiki māmā e hōʻoia i nā haʻawina mua i loaʻa nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻolālā mau. o ke ao holookoa. Kumu John Webb mai UNSW (6) wehewehe ʻo ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi mau "he nui ia e hoʻohana ai nā physicists ma ke ʻano he ana o ka ikaika electromagnetic." ikaika electromagnetic mālama i nā electrons a puni ka nuclei i kēlā me kēia atom ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Inā ʻaʻole ia, e hāʻule nā ​​​​mea a pau. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia he ikaika mau i ka manawa a me ka lewa. Akā i kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā makahiki he ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻo Polofesa Webb i kahi anomaly i loko o ka hale paʻa paʻa kahi e ʻokoʻa mau ai ka ikaika electromagnetic, i ana ʻia ma kahi ʻaoʻao i koho ʻia i ke ao holoʻokoʻa.

"" wehewehe ʻo Webb. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole ma nā ana o ka hui Australia, akā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kā lākou hopena me nā ana ʻē aʻe he nui o nā kukui quasar e nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe.

"" wahi a Polopeka Webb. "". I kona manaʻo, ʻike ʻia nā hopena e loaʻa paha kahi kuhikuhi i makemake ʻia i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he ʻano dipole ke ao holoʻokoʻa.

"" Wahi a ka ʻepekema e pili ana i nā anomalies i kaha ʻia.

ʻO kēia kekahi mea hou aʻe: ma kahi o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he laha maʻamau o nā galaxies, quasars, nā ao kinoea a me nā hōkū me ke ola, ua loaʻa koke i ke ao holoʻokoʻa kahi ʻāpana ʻākau a hema. Ua mākaukau naʻe ʻo Polofesa Webb e ʻae i nā hopena o nā ana ʻepekema i hana ʻia ma nā pae like ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana like ʻole a mai nā wahi like ʻole o ka Honua he mea nui loa.

Hōʻike ʻo Webb inā he kuhikuhi i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a inā he ʻokoʻa iki ka electromagnetism ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka honua, pono e nānā hou ʻia nā manaʻo kumu nui ma hope o ka nui o ka physics hou. "", 'ōlelo. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike ma luna o ka manaʻo ʻumekaumaha a Einstein, ka mea i manaʻo maopopo i ke kūpaʻa o nā kānāwai o ke ʻano. A inā ʻaʻole, a laila ... ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka hale holoʻokoʻa o ka physics.