Mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea uila i ka makahiki XNUMXth e like me nā apo mare Kina me nā abacuses.

Kenekulia XVII ʻO nā apo male abacus Pākē (1) hiki i ka poʻe hoʻohana ke hana i ka helu ʻana ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā calculators. 

1. Pākē mini counter

1907 Hoʻokumu ʻo Juliusz Neubronner ka mea hoʻokumu Kelemania i ke kupuna o ke kāmele GoPro. No ke kiʻi ʻana i ka lewa, hoʻopili ʻo ia i kahi pahu pahu liʻiliʻi me ka manawa i nā nūnū holo wikiwiki (2).

1947 Hana ʻo Bell Telephone Laboratories i ke ʻano hana mua o ka transistor junction. Ua kūkulu ʻia e John Bardeen lāua ʻo Walter Houser Brattain.

1952 ʻO ka hoʻohana kūʻai mua ʻana o kahi transistor i kahi hāmeʻa hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka Zenith hearing aid. Aia i loko o ka hāmeʻa ʻekolu mau transistors Raytheon germanium.

3. Regency TR 1, Texas Instruments

1954 ʻO ka lekiō transistor liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi mua loa ʻo ia ka Regency TR 1 na Texas Instruments (3).

1958-1959 Ua kūkulu ʻo Jack Kilby i ke kaapuni hui mua, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ka makana no ka Nobel ma ka Physics i ka makahiki 2000. Aneane i ka manawa like, ke hoʻoponopono nei ʻo Robert Noyce i ka pilikia interconnection i nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia - ua manaʻo nui ʻia ua hiki mai ka manaʻo o ke kaapuni hoʻohui iā ia ma ke kūʻokoʻa iā Kilby, akā ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kekahi mau mahina ma hope. ʻO Noyce kekahi o nā mea hoʻokumu o Fairchild Semiconductor a me Intel.

1960 ʻO ka "wearable" mua i ka manaʻo hou o ka huaʻōlelo he kamepiula lawe lima i hana ʻia e nā mea makemakika ʻo Edward O. Thorpe lāua ʻo Claude Shannon. Ua hūnā lākou i loko o ko lākou kāmaʻa i kahi mea ana manawa (4), i hoʻohana ʻia e helu pono i kahi e pae ai ka pōleʻa i kahi pāʻani roulette. Ua haʻi ʻia ka helu i helu ʻia i ka mea pāʻani ma o nā nalu lekiō.

4. ʻO Edward O. Thorpe lāua ʻo Claude Shannon kamepiula kamepiula, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā kāmaʻa.

Me ka lanakila nui - ua hoʻonui ʻo Thorp i kāna lanakila casino ma 44%! Ma hope mai, ua ho'āʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema hope e hoʻolālā i nā mea ʻoi aku ka pololei o kēia ʻano. Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka makahiki 1985 ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Nevada, ʻo ia ke kapikala piliwaiwai o Las Vegas, kahi kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia mau mea.

1961 Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana serial o nā kaapuni hoʻohui kikohoʻe.

1971 Loaʻa iā Clive Sinclair ka kaulana a me ka waiwai ma ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā helu helu uila lehulehu. ʻO ka mākeke Pelekania ka wikiwiki, e hoʻokuʻu aku iā lākou i waho ma ka nui.

1972 Hana ka Hamilton Watch Company i ka wati uila mua loa o ka honua, ʻo ka Pulsar P1 Limited Edition (5).

5. Hoʻopuka palena ʻia Pulsar P1

1975 ʻO ka wati helu helu Pulsar mua loa i ka mākeke. Ua lilo ia i mea hana kaulana no ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻepekema. ʻO kēia mau wati "akamai" mua i hiki i ko lākou wā nui i ka waena o nā makahiki 80, a ʻoiai ua emi ko lākou kaulana ma hope aku, nui nā hui e hana nei i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā calculators.

1977 Ua hana ʻo ia i ka ʻōnaehana ʻike lawe lima mua no ka poʻe makapō. ʻO ka mea hoʻokumu i ʻike ʻia ʻo K.S. Collins, hoʻolālā i kahi pahupaʻikiʻi i kau ʻia i ke poʻo e hoʻohuli i ke kiʻi i loko o kahi pūʻulu sensor 1024-inha square 10-dot i kau ʻia ma luna o ke kapa.

1979 hana ʻo ia i kekahi o nā mea kaao o ka moʻomeheu hou - ka Walkman cassette player. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka prototype e Akio Morita, Masaru Ibuka, a me Kozo Ohsone, a ʻo kāna mea koʻikoʻi he ʻano hana hoʻololi i hana ʻia me nā mea alumini palahalaha akā ākea a me ka magnesium, i hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa o ka hāmeʻa, nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. a ma ka manawa like ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi (6).

6. ʻO Sony Walkman Professional WM-D6C

Ua loaʻa maikaʻi kēia hāmeʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 80, ʻaneʻane hoʻoneʻe loa i nā kumu hoʻohālike mua o nā cassette recorders mai ka mākeke. Ua hoʻopuka hou ʻia ka hoʻolālā kumu i nā tausani o nā mana e nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, a ua lilo ka inoa "mea pāʻani" i like me kahi mea hoʻokani cassette liʻiliʻi. I nā makahiki 80 mua, ua kākau ʻia kahi mele e pili ana iā ia - "Wired for Sound" i hana ʻia e Cliff Richard.

80s. ʻO ka hana nui o nā microprocessors ua hoʻoikaika i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole ma ke kahua o nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana. No ka mea ma mua o kekahi mau hoʻonā - incl. Makaaniani aniani Google - Ke hele wāwae nei ʻo Steve Mann, he mea noiʻi a mea hoʻomohala loea i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi. I ka makahiki 80, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna papahana EyeTap (7). ʻO kāna mau papahana, ua ʻano pōʻino - i kekahi, ua manaʻo ka mea kākau iā ia iho he kaʻa kaʻa me kahi TV ma luna o kona poʻo. Akā naʻe, makemake ʻo Mann e hana i kahi mīkini e hoʻopaʻa i ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana me ko lākou mau maka ponoʻī, ʻoiai i ka manawa like e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike me ka ʻole o ka pahu pahu.

7. ʻO Steve Mann me kāna mau mea hana

Mawaena o na makahiki 80 (wikiō) ke lilo nei i mea maʻamau. Ua hana ʻo Mark Schulze i ka pāpale mahiole mua i ʻike ʻia ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi camcorder me kahi VCR paʻa. He pōʻino a kaumaha, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ma mua o kona manawa ma ke ʻano o ka manaʻo.

1987 Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻolohe pepeiao kikohoʻe. ʻAʻole like me nā mana o mua, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau kamepiula liʻiliʻi e kūpono i nā pono a me ka nohona o ka mea hoʻohana. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua loaʻa iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona hou, e like me ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono iā lākou iho i nā kaiapuni like ʻole, e like me nā hale ʻaina walaʻau, a hoʻopau i ka walaʻau hope.

90s. Me ka boom i loko o nā laptops, ka nalu mua o nā mea hiki ke komo i ka mākeke. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa o kēia wā ʻo Reflection Technology's Private Eye (8), kahi hōʻike i kau ʻia i ke poʻo e like loa me ka mea e lilo i Google Glass.

8. Ka mea hana a kahi mea noiʻi pilikino

Ua hoʻololi ʻo Inventor Doug Platt i kēia hōʻike e hana me kahi kamepiula i hoʻokumu ʻia e DOS, e hana ana i kekahi o nā kamepiula hiki ke hoʻohana mua i ka honua. Ua hoʻohana nā haumāna o ke Kulanui o Columbia i ka ʻōnaehana Platt e hana i ka hopena "augmented reality" mua. ʻO nā mea hana ʻelua he mau papahana noiʻi ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ke kulanui, akā ua hoʻoikaika i nā mea hana hou o nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana.

1994 Hoʻomohala i ka "computer wrist" mua i hoʻolālā ʻia e Edgar Matias lāua ʻo Mike Ruicci o ke Kulanui o Toronto, a me Mike Lamming lāua ʻo Mike Flynn ʻo "Forget-Me-Not" ma Xerox EuroPARC, nāna e hoʻopaʻa a mālama i nā pilina me nā kānaka a me nā mea hana. i ka waihona no nā noi ma hope.

1994 Hoʻomaka ʻo DARPA i ka papahana Smart Modules, kahi e manaʻo ai e ʻimi i kahi ala aloha i nā kamepiula kamepiula a me nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, hoʻonohonoho ka ʻoihana i ka seminar "Wearables in 2005", e hui pū ana i nā mea ʻike mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole e ʻimi i nā hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka inoa paha o kēia mau papa hana ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i ka inoa "wearable" i ka pōʻaiapili o kēia ʻenehana.

Ua hoʻolaha ʻo DARPA, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mīkina lima kikohoʻe e hiki ke heluhelu i nā hōʻailona RFID, nā brooches pili i ka naʻau, a me nā pahu kiʻi TV. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoihoi hou i hoʻāla ʻia i nā hāmeʻa hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ke kua ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki ma muli o ke ʻano o nā kelepona paʻalima.

2000 Hōʻike ʻia ka headset mua.

2001 Hānau ʻia ke kumu hoʻokani pila mua.

2002 Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o Project Cyborg, ua hōʻoia ʻo Kevin Warwick i kāna wahine e ʻaʻahu i ka lei i hoʻopili ʻia i ka uila i kāna ʻōnaehana neʻe ponoʻī ma o kahi ʻano electrode implanted. Ua loli ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka lei ma muli o nā hōʻailona mai ka puʻuwai o Kevin.

2003 Hōʻike ʻia ka Garmin Forerunner - ʻo ka wati mua i ke ʻano o kēia wā e hahai ana i nā hoʻokō haʻuki a ka mea hoʻohana. Ua ukali ʻia e nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e like me Nike + iPod Fitness Tracking Device, Fitbit a me Jawbone.

2004 Hoʻoulu ʻia e ka heʻenalu ma Australia, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Nick Woodman e kūkulu i kahi pahupaʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e kiʻi i nā kiʻi o kāna mau hana. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona GoPro mua (9) i loaʻa i ka mākeke ma 2004.

2010 Hoʻokomo ʻo Oculus VR i ka prototype mua o ka Oculus Rift, kahi aniani ʻike maka. Ua hana ʻia lākou ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o $ 2 ma ka Kickstarter crowdfunding site. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mana o ka mea kūʻai aku o ka Oculus Rift CV437 ma Malaki 429, 1.

2011 Ke hoʻomohala nei ʻo Google i ka prototype mua o kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Google Glass (10). Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻenehana ma ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hōʻike i kau ʻia i ke poʻo koa mai ka makahiki 1995. Ma ʻApelila 2013, ʻo Google Glass kahi ʻāpana o kahi hui o nā mea hoʻohana i kapa ʻia ʻo Glass Explorers i noi ʻia e hoʻāʻo i ka manaʻo. Ma Mei 2014, kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai ʻia nā mea hana me ke kumu kūʻai hoʻomaka o $1500. I kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai, ua ho'ōki ka hui i ke kūʻai aku ʻana iā Google Glass Explorer, ma muli o ka nele o nā polokalamu pono. Eia naʻe, i Iulai 2017, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka hāmeʻa i kahi mana ʻoihana Enterprise.

2012 ʻO ka wati akamai mua ma ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia lā ʻo ka Pebble (11). Ua hoʻonui ʻia kahi hoʻolaha kālā Kickstarter no ka smartwatch i $ 10,2 miliona. Ua hoʻāla ʻo Pebble i ka hoihoi o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻenehana hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hoʻāla i ke ala no nā wati akamai Apple a me Android o kēia lā.

September 2013 Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Intel i ka ʻōnaehana Quark maikaʻi loa i ka mana, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hanauna hou o nā hāmeʻa - nā lole lole, nā mea nani, a me nā lole - i kapa ʻia ʻo ultra-mobile. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pono.

ʻApelila 2014 Hāʻawi ʻo Google i kahi kahua no nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, no ka mea i kapa ʻia nā wati akamai i kapa ʻia ʻo Android Wear. He mana hoʻololi kēia o ka ʻōnaehana hana kaulana loa no nā polokalamu kelepona. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka interface ma luna o kahi "kōkua" kelepona - ka noi Google Now, e hōʻike ana i nā leka mai ka noi a me ka ʻike e pono ai ka mea hoʻohana i kēia manawa (no ka laʻana, wānana ka wā). No ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hou, ua hui pū ka mogul search engine me nā mea hana uila he nui, me Asus, Broadcom, Fossil, HTC, Intel, LG, MediaTek, MIPS, Motorola, Qualcomm a me Samsung.

January 2015 Premiere o HoloLens (12), ua hoʻonui ʻo Microsoft i nā aniani ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ma kahi o ka polokalamu pono'ī, ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā mana o ka Windows Holographic platform. ʻO ka puʻuwai o ka hāmeʻa he quad-core 64-bit Intel Atom x5-Z8100 processor me ka wikiwiki o ka uaki o 1,04 GHz, a hāʻawi ʻia ke kākoʻo kiʻi e kahi chip Intel i hoʻomohala kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo HPU (Holographics Processing Unit). Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻelua kāmela i loko o nā aniani - 2,4 MP (2048 × 1152) a me 1,1 MP (1408 × 792, 30 FPS), a me Wi-Fi 802.11ac a me Bluetooth 4.1 modules. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mana e kahi pākaukau 16 mAh.

12. Nā aniani HoloLens - ʻike maka

ʻApelila 2015 Hoʻokomo ʻo Apple Watch i ka mākeke e holo ana i ka ʻōnaehana hana WatchOS, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻōnaehana iOS i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka iPhone, iPod a me iPad. Hiki iā ia, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike i nā memo mai ke kelepona, e pane i nā kelepona e komo mai ana, e hoʻomalu i ke mele a i ʻole ke kāmela. Ma ka App Store, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā polokalamu hiki ke hoʻoiho ʻia no Apple Watch e hoʻonui ai i kāna hana. He kūpono ia me nā iPhones mai iPhone 5 a ma luna me nā polokalamu ma luna o iOS 8, kahi e hoʻopili ai ma o Bluetooth a i ʻole.

ʻO kekahi ʻano mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana

Hakaʻaka

Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia inoa ma ke ʻano he kelepona uila uila o ke ʻano pale lima, ka nui o ka wati lima, e hana ana i nā hana āpau o kahi wati uila kahiko a me kekahi o nā hana o kahi atamai, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā memo mai ke kelepona, pane i nā kelepona. , a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ke kelepona. mea pāʻani mele, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe, e like me ke ana ʻana i ka pulse a i ʻole ka helu o nā ʻanuʻu i hana ʻia. Hoʻohana pinepine ia ma ke kumu o ka Android Wear, iOS a i ʻole ʻōnaehana ʻo Tizen.

Hiki i nā hāmeʻa o kēia ʻano nā noi e like me: kamera, accelerometer, vibration signal, thermometer, heart rate monitor, altimeter, barometer, compass, chronograph, calculator, mobile phone, GPS, MP3 player a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokomo pū nā mea hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kamaʻilio kelepona iā lākou, e like me Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC a me IrDA. ʻO Pebble ka mea mua o nā wati akamai o kēia mau lā. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea pāʻani nui ma kēia mākeke ʻo Samsung me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona Gear a me AppleWatch.

Makaaniani akamai

Hoʻohana ʻia nā makaaniani akamai e like me nā aniani maʻamau, a hana lākou ma ke ʻano he hōʻike e hōʻike ʻia ai ka ʻike hou aku me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻonui ʻia - no ka laʻana, nā palapala ʻāina me nā ala kaʻa, nā wānana o ka wā, ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mea hoihoi. ʻO nā aniani akamai maikaʻi loa ʻo Google Glass, ʻoiai ua puka mai nā mea hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa e like me GlassUp, EmoPulse, ION Smart Glasses, Samsung Smart Glasses, a me Vuzix M100. Pono kekahi e hui pū me kāu kelepona, akā hiki i ka hapa nui ke hana hoʻokahi.

Nā mea hoʻoikaika kino

He huaʻōlelo maʻamau kēia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mea i kapa ʻia nā kūpeʻe lima hoʻomaʻamaʻa lima. Eia naʻe, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano mea e ana i nā ʻāpana olakino - no ka laʻana, ma ka umauma, kuʻekuʻe wāwae a ʻāʻī paha - a nānā i ke kino o ka mea hoʻohana.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona e ana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, akā hoʻopaʻa kekahi i nā ʻanuʻu, reps, hanu a i ʻole nā ​​​​calorie i puhi ʻia. ʻO nā hōʻailona kaulana loa ʻo Nike Fitband, Fitbit, iHealth a me Jawbone. Kōkua kēia mau mea hana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hana a ka mea hoʻohana, e hoʻokō i nā pahuhopu hoʻemi kaumaha, a hoʻohālikelike i kā lākou hana haʻuki ponoʻī.

Nā kūpeʻe lima hoʻoikaika kino a me ke olakino

lole akamai

hana ʻia ma nā kikowaena noiʻi he nui o nā kulanui a me nā hale hana ʻenehana. Ma muli o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, pono ia mau lole e hana i nā hana o ke kelepona paʻa, kahi kamepiula a me kahi pahu diagnostic e nānā i ke olakino o ka mea nāna ia. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomalu i ka wela o ke kino.

Hoʻolako ʻia nā T-shirt a i ʻole nā ​​pulu (e like me ka hoʻolālā Google) me nā mea ʻike e nānā i ka hana o ke kino, ka hanu hanu a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hiki o ka māmā. Ana lākou i kā mākou mau kapuaʻi, gait rhythm a me ka ikaika, etc. Hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻikepili ma o kahi module kūikawā i ka polokalamu kelepona o ka atamai o ka mea hoʻohana. Pela no me na kamaa.

Pono nā sensor i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā kāmaʻa e hahai i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu a ka mea holo a hoʻopaʻa iā ia i kahi ʻōnaehana kūikawā. Hoʻopili ka polokalamu e pili ana i ka ʻikepili: ka holo wikiwiki ʻana, ka mana i kau ʻia ai ka wāwae, a me nā ʻano overloads. Hoʻouna ʻia kēia ʻike i ke kelepona a hāʻawi ka polokalamu i ka mea holo me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kōkua iā ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna ʻano holo.

ʻAʻahu i nā mea uila - ʻaʻole na nā kānaka

ʻOi aku ka kaulana o nā mea i hoʻolālā ʻia no ... nā holoholona, ​​me nā holoholona mahiʻai, a me nā holoholona hihiu. Aia ma waena o lākou nā kola GPS, nā mea nānā hana, nā hāmeʻa e hoʻopaʻa i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, ka hanu, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā holoholona hihiu i hoʻolako ʻia me nā mea ʻike a me nā mea hoʻouna, a me nā kamera, hiki ke kōkua i ka poʻe ʻepekema e aʻo i ko lākou kaiapuni ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻikepili mai nā wahi a lākou e noho ai.

ʻAuwaewae me ka whistle