Nā māhele kaua Kelemania: Ianuali 1942–Iune 1944

ʻO nā māhele kaua German

ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma ka Soviet Union i ka makahiki 1941, ʻoiai naʻe i lanakila ʻia e ka Wehrmacht ma luna o ka Red Army demoralized a i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia, ua hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia no nā Kelemania. ʻAʻole i pio ka USSR a ʻaʻole pio ʻo Moscow. Ua ola ka pūʻali koa Kelemania luhi i ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī, a ua lilo ke kaua i hakakā lōʻihi i hoʻopau i nā waiwai kanaka a me nā waiwai. A ʻaʻole mākaukau ka poʻe Kelemania no kēia, ʻaʻole pono e like me ia ...

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi hoʻouka kaua Kelemania no ke kauwela o 1942, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka kūleʻa o ka hoʻolaha ma ka hikina. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā hana o ka ʻino ma ka Directive No. 41 o ʻApelila 5, 1942, i ka wā i kūpaʻa ai ke kūlana ma mua a ola ka Wehrmacht i ka hoʻoilo, kahi i mākaukau ʻole ai.

Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ka pale ʻana o Moscow, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ʻoki i ka USSR mai nā kumu aila - nā mea pono no ke kaua. ʻO nā mea mālama nui o ka aila Soviet aia ma Azerbaijan (Baku ma ke Kai Caspian), kahi i hana ʻia ai ma mua o 25 miliona mau ʻaila i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ia ka mea kokoke i ka hana Soviet holoʻokoʻa. Ua hāʻule kekahi hapa nui o ka hapaha i koe ma ka ʻāina ʻo Maikop-Grozny (Russia a me Chechnya) a me Makhachkala ma Dagestan. Aia keia mau wahi a pau ma ka puu o ka Caucasus, a ma ka hikina hema iki paha o keia mauna nui. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka Caucasus me ka manaʻo e hopu i nā māla aila a me ka Volga (Stalingrad) i mea e ʻoki ai i nā aʻa kamaʻilio i lawe ʻia ai ka aila ʻaila i ke kikowaena o ka USSR e lawe ʻia e ka GA "South". , a me nā pūʻali koa ʻelua ʻē aʻe - "Center" a me "North" - pono e hele i ka pale. No laila, i ka hoʻoilo o 1941/1942, ua hoʻomaka ʻo GA "South" e hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā ʻāpana mai nā pūʻali koa i koe i ka hema.

Hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻāpana pale kaua hou

ʻO ke kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā māhele hou he mau ʻāpana like ʻole, e komo pū me nā pūʻali koa pale kaua, i hoʻomaka e hana i ka hāʻule o 1940. ʻEhā mau pūʻali koa hou i hoʻokumu ʻia a me ʻelua pūʻali koa ʻokoʻa i hoʻolako ʻia me nā lako Farani i hopu ʻia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana ma waena o ka hāʻule o 1940 a me ka pūnāwai o 1941. ʻO lākou: ka 201st Armored Regiment, i loaʻa iā Somua H-35 a me Hotchkiss H-35/H-39; 202nd Tank Regiment, i lako me 18 Somua H-35s a me 41 Hotchkiss H-35/H-39s; Ua loaʻa iā 203rd Tank Regiment Somua H-35 a me Hotchkiss H-35/39; 204th Tank Regiment i hāʻawi ʻia iā Somua H-35 a me Hotchkiss H-35/H39; Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Pz.Kpfw ka pūʻali pahu pahu 213, i lako me 36 Char 2C kaumaha. B2; 214th tank battalion,

loaʻa iā +30 Renault R-35.

Ma ka lā 25 o Kepakemapa, 1941, ua hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana pahu - ʻo ka 22nd tank division a me ka 23rd tank division. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea ʻelua mai ka ʻohi ʻana ma Farani, akā ʻo kāna regiment tank ka 204th Tank Regiment a me 201st Tank Regiment, a ua lako ʻia me nā lako Kelemania a me Czech. Ua loaʻa i ka 204th Tank Regiment: 10 Pz II, 36 Pz 38(t), 6 Pz IV (75/L24) a me 6 Pz IV (75/L43), aʻo ka 201st Tank Regiment i loaʻa nā pahu i hana ʻia e Kelemania. Me ka liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia nā mokuʻāina i nā regiment ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i nā limahana piha. I Malaki 1942, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā māhele i mua.

Ma ka lā 1 o Dekemaba, 1941, ma kahi hoʻomoana o Stalbek (ʻo Dolgorukovo i kēia manawa ma East Prussia), ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ka 1st Cavalry Division i ka 24th Tank Division. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāna regiment tank 24 mai ka pūʻali tank flamethrower 101 i hoʻopau ʻia, i hoʻohui ʻia e nā koa lio mai ka 2nd a me ka 21st cavalry regiments o ka mahele, i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e like me nā tankers. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua loaʻa i nā māhele ʻekolu he pūʻali koa raifela kaʻa ʻekolu mau bataliona a me kahi pūʻali kaʻa kaʻa, akā i Iulai 1942 ua hoʻopau ʻia ke koʻokoʻo o ka brigade raifela a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi regiment kaʻa ʻelua. hoʻololi ʻia i pūʻali koa ʻelua bataliona.

Ke hoʻomākaukau nei no kahi hoʻouka kaua hou

Ua hiki i ka Axis ke hōʻuluʻulu ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau koa no ka hoʻouka kaua, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i 65 mau ʻāpana Kelemania a me 25 Romanian, Italia a me Hungarian. Wahi a ka hoʻolālā i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ʻApelila, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai 1942, ua māhele ʻia ʻo GA "South" i GA "A" (Field Marshal Wilhelm List), i neʻe aku i ka Caucasus, a me GA "B" (Colonel General Maximilian Freiherr von Weichs) , e holo ana ma ka hikina a hiki i ka Volga.

I ka pūnāwai o 1942, ua komo ka Poludne GA i ʻeiwa mau ʻāpana pahu (3rd, 9th, 11th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 22nd, 23rd and 24th) a me ʻeono mau māhele kaʻa (3rd, 16th, 29th, 60th, SS Viking). "a me "Gelemania Nui"). No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, e like me Iulai 4, 1942, ʻelua wale nō ʻāpana pahu (8 a me 12) a me ʻelua mau moku kaʻa (18 a me 20) i noho i ka Sever GA, a ma ka Sredny GA - ʻewalu mau moku moku (1st, 2nd, 4th, 5, 17, 18, 19 a me 20) a me ʻelua mau kaʻa (10 a me 25). Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka 6th, 7th a me 10th Armored Division ma Farani (e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaha a hoʻopiha hou ʻia, hoʻi hou i ke kaua), a ma ʻApelika i hakakā ka 15th a me 21st Army a me ka 90th Dlek (motorized).

Ma hope o ka mahele o GA "Poludne" GA "A" i komo ka 1st Tank Army a me ka 17th Army, a me GA "B" i komo: 2nd Army, 4th Tank Army, 6th Army, a me 3rd and 4th armies. Koa Romanian, 2nd Hungarian Army and 8th Italian Army. ʻO kēia mau pūʻali koa German panzer a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa ma nā pūʻali koa āpau koe wale nō ka 2nd Army, ʻaʻohe ona mahele wikiwiki.